open file report · 2010-10-29 · color designations are taken from the munsell soil color chart...

U.S. Geological Survey

OPEN FILE REPORT

Preliminary description and interpretation of

cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California: Core 8

by

John D. Sims and Michael J. Rymer

1975 '

This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards

Report No. 75-306

CONTENTS

Text

Introduction ................... 1

Summary of Data. ................. 1

Method of Study. ................. 7

Graphic Notations used inStratigraphic description. ........... 8

References

Appendices

Appendix A: Graphical Logs

Appendix B: X-ray Radiographs

INTRODUCTION

Clear Lake, California is located in the California Coast Ranges about

120 km north of San Francisco and is the largest freshwater lake wholly within

California. The lake basin is tectonically controlled (Anderson, 1936;

Brice, 1953; Sims and Rymer, 1974) and the area seismically active (Coffman and

von Hake, 1973).

Interest in this lake was stimulated by hypotheses developed from a

study of sediments in Van Norman Reservoir after the 1971 San Fernando earth

quake (Sims, 1973). During this study three zones of deformational structures

were found in the 1 m-thick sequence of sediments exposed over about 2 km2

of the reservoir bottom. These zones were correlated with moderate earth

quakes that shook the San Fernando area in 1930, 1952, and 1971. Results

of this study, coupled with the experimental formation of deformational

structures similar to those from Van Norman Reservoir, led to a search for

similar structures in Pleistocene and Holocene lakes and lake sediments in

other seismically active areas. Clear Lake, California was chosen specifically

because of its location near the San Andreas fault and the San Francisco-

Oakland urban complex, and the probability of obtaining an uninterrupted

sediment record from the present into Pleistocene time. Eight 12 to 15 cm

diameter continuous cores were taken from the lake sediments (fig. 1) as

part of a study of earthquake induced structures in sediments and the tectonic

framework of the Clear Lake basin. The eight cores range in length from

13.87 m to 113.09 m (Table 1).

SUMMARY OF DATA

Core 8 is from the northwest part of Clear Lake (fig. 1) and was taken

on 5 November, 1973. Depth of water at the site is 5.2 m. The core is 21.2 m

long and consists entirely of olive gray (5Y3/2 to 5Y5/2) sapropellic mud

(gyttja) with five interbedded volcanic ashes (fig. 2). The colors of the

N

LUCERNE

LAKE®

PORT

CLEAR

LAKE

Oaks arm

Highlands arm

I I I5 Ml i

I 1 I I5 KM.

Figure 1. Map showing location of Core 8 in Clear Lake, California. Other numbered core sites in the lake are the subject of separate reports.

sediments generally recorded are those due to oxidation of the organic

components. Rarely colors considered to be representative of the unoxidized

sediments are recorded such as bluish gray (5B5/1). The sedimentary record

in Core 8 contrasts greatly with that from Core 7 (fig. 1) (Sims and

Rymer, 1975). The sediments in Core 8 represent an environment much like

that prevailing in the open parts of Clear Lake today. The sediments are

extensively bioturbated. This bioturbation has greatly disrupted the

sediments and destroyed most of the primary and deformational (?) structures

in the sediments. Thus the core is quite uniform in texture and structure

throughout its length.

Five ash beds are preserved in this core. The two uppermost ash beds in

Core 8 are tentatively correlated with the two uppermost ash beds in Core 7.

The well preserved rhyolitic ash from Core 7, slug 17 dated at approximately

17,500 yrs. B.P. (Sims and Rymer, 1975) is tentatively correlated with the

ash in slug 20, Core 8. The ash in slug 27, Core 8 is tentatively correlated

with the ash in slug 23, Core 7.

Sediments in Core 8 are generally too low in organic material for

llt C-age determinations. However, one ll*C-age determination was performed.

The analysis was performed by Meyer Rubin of the U.S. Geological Survey on

a carbonaceous mud layer. The date (W-3214) is from slug 13 and is 9,8504;

250 yrs. B.P. This date represents a sedimentation rate of 0.93 mm yr 1 for

the upper half of the core. The date correlates quite well with the dates

of the correlated ashes in Core 7. If the tentative correlation of the

lowermost ash in Core 8 with the ash in slug 23, Core 7 is accurate then

a date of approximately 24,000 yr. B.P. would represent the bottom of Core 8.

A plot of ll*C-age and correlated ll*C-age versus depth (fig. 3) shows

the consistency of the age date from Core 8 and the correlated ash-age dates

from Core 7. These data are fitted with a straight line by linear regression.

3

The equation of this line is y=12.10x-1286.20 and has a correlation co

efficient of r=0.999. The line fit to the correlated data now allows a

prediction of sediment ages at given depths.

Table 1. Total length and recovery percent ofeight cores drilled in Clear Lake, California.

Core Length (m) Recovery (%)

1 52.58 35.0

2 13.87 88.0

3 69.04 96.0

4 115.21 92.0

5 22.56 94.0

6 21.64 99.0

7 27.43 94.9

8 20.52 99.6

11

9,850

1A

15

16

17

18

19

21

24

26

ii

Hi

rO

E3 mud

("~1 ash unit

gg missing part

slug (coresegment) number

<9,850 14C age

Figure 2. Generalized lithology of sediments from Core .8, Clear Lake, California.

14C age

4-

14 correlated C age (correlatedwith ashes in Core 7, Sims and Rymer, 1975)

8-

o o o

X

CQ

U

12-

16.

20-

24 -

28 -

32 -

36 r = 0.999

4010 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

Depth (m)

14 14Figure 3. Plot of C-age determination and correlated C-age deter minations and depth in Clear Lake Core 8. The line y = I2.10x - 1286.20 is fitted to the data by linear regression.The correlation coefficient (r) is 0.999.

METHOD OF STUDY

Core 8 was obtained using an Ostenberg sampler with a barge mounted

drill rig. The samples were retrieved and extruded into rigid plastic tubes

which were sealed with plastic endcaps, and waxed to prevent moisture loss.

For examination the plastic containers were cut open and the core cut in

half lengthwise using a "cheese cutter" type instrument. Lithologic and

other sedimentologic data were then recorded (see Appendix A for detailed

descriptions). One-half of each core segment was photographed on color and

black and white film. Then a one cm thick slice was taken from the center

of the core segment and an x-ray radiograph made to study the internal

structures and fine details of the visible structures.

The original x-ray radiographs were taken on 30 x 43 cm sheets of

industrial x-ray film at 1:1 scale. Exposures to x-radiation ranged from

4 to 6 minutes at 45 KV and 3.5 ma. The prints from the radiographs

in Appendix B of this paper are photographically reduced 3.7x from the originals

After lengthwise splitting, samples were taken from one-half of the core

for other sedimentologic and paleontologic .' :udies as follows:

a) bulk mineralogy

b) cladocerae

c) diatoms ' .

d) fine grain size analysis (<125 y diameter)

e) macro fossils

f) pollen

g) water contend/organic carbon content

The remaining core half, resting in a rigid plastic half-round, was

sealed in a polyethelane bag and retained for tuture use and reference.

These samples and the original radiographs may be examined by contacting:

John D. Sims U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Tectonics Branch

' 345 Middlefield RoadMenlo Park, California 94025

GRAPHIC NOTATIONS USED IN STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS

The stratigraphic descriptions of each core segment (slug) are

contained on individual sheets in the format shown in fig. 4. The graphical

notations used in the core descriptions and radiograph interpretations in

Appendix B are modified, from the methods of Bouma (1962). The conventions

and symbols used follow: Those symbols marked* are also used in the column

entitled Radiographic .

Lithology

XXXXXXXXX ash

clay

silt

nand

peat

mud

silty sand

clayey silt

silty clay

clayey sand

sandy mud

sandy silt

sandy gravel

clayey peat

silty peat

material from sides of hole as a contaminant, generally at the top of a sample (debris).

vivianite, an iron phosphate present in the sediments.

interlaminated strata;dominant lithology on left(in this example clayey peat and mud)

HOLE_ SLUG_DEPTH .cm. to__cm.

LITH.

riSTRUCT blRUCT. LAYER COLOR PROPS. ^ULOK

KJ Pwrvrn RADIO S' PH2I0 GRAPHIC u. ~"~

SAMPLE

- 0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

L90

Figure A. Form for stratigraphic descriptions of core segments (slugs) Column headings from left to right are Lithology, Bedding plane type, Bedding plane structures, Layer properties, Munsel Color designatic-, Fossil content, Photograph numbers, Radiographic interpretation, and Sample numbers.

Bedding Plane Type*

Sharp flat contact

distinct flat contact t

transition (range of transition < 0.5 cm)

gradual transition (range of transition 0.5-1.0 cm)

transition gradual and hardly visible (range of transition > 1.0

undulating contact; gradations as above

irregular contact; gradations as above

Structure

graded bedding

load cast

earthquake induced structure*

fault*

0

Interval in which structure occurs*

indistinct structure*

structure barely visible*

( ) ((

Layer Properties

parallel lamination (< 0.5 cm thick)*:

coarse laminae predominate

fine laminae predominate j

_. ^ slightly disturbedparallel lamination*

strongly disturbed

* Also used In column entitled Radiographic

10

parallel wavy lamination*

(predominating thickness and degree of disturbance as noted above)

lenticular wavy lamination*

(predominating thickness and degree of disturbance as noted above)

interval in which property occurs* J^

indistinct property* / \

Color

Color designations are taken from the Munsell Soil Color Chart (Munsell, 1973). Conventions used are as follows!

10Y 5/4 SYR 5/4

distinct color break between between two units.

10Y 5/4/5YR 5/4

10Y SYR 5/4

two colors present throughout the interval noted. First color is most prevalent and the right hand color is present as clots, belbs, or patches.

distinct interlamination throughout the interval noted.

10Y 5/4 (SYR 5/4) oxidized color (unoxidized color) this notation is used only where partial oxidization of the sediments has occurred and the unoxidized color is readily apparent.

fossils

fish scale*

fish bone*

e

* Also used in column entitled Radiographic

gastropod*

clam*

root

root level

wood oriented parallel to bedding plane

wood not parallel to bedding plane

plant fragment parallel to bedding plane

plant fragment not parallel to bedding plane

Photograph Number

Numbers refer to the index number of both the color and black and white

photos taken of the cut surface of the core segment.

Example: 7-1-1 refers to Core 7, Slug 1, Photo 1.

There are 5 photos for each slug in Core 8. Each photo covers

approximately 20 cm of core segment length with overlap with adjacent

photos.

These photos may be examined and copies made at the requestor's expense

by contacting:

John D. SimsU.S. Geological SurveyEarthquake Tectonics Branch345 Middlefield RoadMenlo Park, California 94025

* Also used in column entitled Radiographic

12

Radiographic

This column contains supplementary information derived from an analysis

of inforiration taken from x-ray radiographs. The notations used in this columnt

are a combination of those marked by * under the headings Bedding Plane

Type, Bedding Plane Structure, Layer Properties, and Fossils, plus

some additional special symbols not previously used (list below):

granule - an x-ray opaque small body < 1 mm in diameter.

granule cluster - a regularly to irregularly shaped mass of granules.

pebble - a large (> 3 mm diameter) x-ray opaque body.

mottling - areas of low x-ray transparency of irregular shape and unknown origin.

bioturbation - animal burrows. The degree of sediment disturbancegenerally accompanies this note such as: heavy, slight, etc.

A5 - a difference in x-ray transparency between.stratigraphicsubunits due to compositional, grain size or other physiochemical differences.

fractured - physical breaking of the indicated part of the sediment slice that usually occurred during sample preparation prior to x-ray inspection.

plastic - plastic chips derived from s.-ving the rigid plastic core container.

Sample Number

Three types of sample numbers are present and identify samples taken for

specific tests or supplementary data. The specific use and identity of samples

are as follows:

1) Four digit numbers without a prefix are reserved for bulk mineralogy,

fine grain size analysis (fraction < 125 n diameter), fossil cladocerae,

palynological examination, weight loss on drying, fossil diatoms and.

macrofossil content.

13

2) Four digits prefixed by "I" (example: 1-7030). A radiocarbon date

performed by Mr. James Buckley in the laboratories of Isotopes, Inc.,

Westwood, N.J. The absolute date and all pertinent data are listed

at the bottpm of the page on which the sample number occurs.

3) Four digits prefixed by "W" (example: W-3030). A radiocarbon

date performed by Mr. Meyer Rubin in the laboratories of the U.S.

Geological Survey, Reston, VA. The absolute date and all pertinent

data are listed at the bottom of the page on which the sample number

occurs.

Acknowledgements;

This project was in part financed by a grant from Lake County, California.

-We wish also to thank D. Adam, D. Peterson, G. Reed, D. Greenwood, I. Gassoway,

P. Margolin and R. Wright for their assistance during the coring operations at

Clear Lake.

14

REFERENCES

Anderson, C.A., 1936, Volcanic history of the Clear Lake area, California:

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 47, p. 629-664.

Bouma, A.H., 1963, Sedimentology of some flysch deposits: Amsterdam,

Elsevier Pub. Co., 168 p.

Brice, J.C., 1953, Geology of Lower Lake Quadrangle, California: Calif.

Div. Mines, Bull. 166, 72 p.

Coffman, J.L. and von Hake, C.A., 1973, Earthquake history of the United

States: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Publication 41-1, 208 p.

Munsell Products, 1973, Munsell Soil Color Charts, 1973 edition, Baltimore,

Md., Munsell Products.

Sims, J.D., 1973, Earthquake-induced structures in sediments of Van Norman

Lake, San Fernando, California: Science, v. 182, p. 161-163.

Sims, J.D. and Rymer, M.J., 1974, Gaseous springs in Clear Lake, California,

and the structural control of the lake basin: Geol. Soc. America,

Abstracts with Pngrams, v. 6, no. 3, p. 254.

Sims, J.D. and Rymer, M.J., 1975, Preliminary description and interpretation

of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California: Core 7,

Open File Report No. 75-144, 21p.

35

Appendix A

Graphical Logs

HOLEJ- SLUG_A-DEPTH_o_cm.

LITH ' RADIO-

0 -.

I__

10 j

20 -_

30 j.

-

40 -

50 -

60 -:..

70 -

Q.;^ STRUCT. ^r" COLOR # S GRAPHIC CD p rriUro. £ -w-

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8t l

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$& <; £$£

MM MMMM||^

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-100

5Y4/2

8-1-1

8-1-2

8-1-3

8-1-4

8-1-5

04

gran

J04

ori_.

ules

_mottlin

Tgranules _

mottling

- 468

g

-469

-470

-471

"472

-473

bioturbation throughout

HOLE-J. SLUG_i_DEPTH_z6_cm. to_^2_cm,

LITH UJ i AYPD ^ PWOTO RADIO- ^p, LMH ' o:K STRUCT. ^Xpc COLOR 0 Sf GRAPHIC Xo"

CD p TKUKb. LL "^ TT

'0 -

.

--

86 -

i96 j

"

106 -

116 J.

126 -

136 -.

146 -

Hi

HISf^iii:-^^^ jggS?.^ };;5S.fe;Jr-j^-viS

^1

^

ms^ ^H ^^^jS&MvSS^'Avv'-' !-j.'i«J;i'cf.<

^$ ^^ftjVij ;*/f J*

^^**^«'^'*

^tt

SS^f

isSfeSjiifep

w

u

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-10O

5Y4/2

8-2-1

8-2-2

8-2-3

8-2-4

8-2-5

granules

granules

- 474

-475

-476

- 477

-478

-479

-480

slight mottling and bioturbation throughout

1 cm oxidation on both sides of crack at 118 cm

disseminated fish bones throughout

HOLE-L SLUG^_DEPTH-ii!_cm. to_?!!

LITH.

CDSTRUCT. LAYER

PROPS.

to to O u_

PHOTORADIO-

GRAPHICSPL.

#

152

162

172 -f

182 A

192

202

212

222

Mo

1-30

Sh70

5Y5/2

8-3-1

8-3-2

8-3-3

8-3-4

8-3-5

©

A6

04

granules

VV

V. <=x

»

04

481

482

483

484

-485

-486

-487

hso

h90

MOO


HOLE_8. SLUG_JLDEPTH-l28_cm. tojo^_cm.

LITH.

228

268

278

288

298

o:m

CTDI \/-*-r LAYER CD\ r\o to PHOTO STRUCT. PROPS ^ULOK O -ft

RADIO- GRAPHIC

SPL.

#

238 _:

248 -

258

-40

60

-70

-80

-90

MOO

5Y5/2

8-4-1

8-4-2

8-4-3

8-4-4

8-4-5

«

o,

granules

. 04

A6

, A6granules

_488

-489

__490

-491

.492

-493

-.494


HOLE_A SLUG_5_DEPTH_304_cm. to_38o_cm.

LITH.

304

314

324

334

344

354

o:CD

STRUCT. LAYER (~r\l OR PROPS. COLORto to O u.

PHOTORADIO-

GRAPHICSPL.

#

364 ~

374

10

-20

30

-60

-70

-80

-90

MOO

5Y5/2

8-5-1

8-5-2

8-5-3

8-5-4

8-5-5

4-J

i- %

co

Si CD

H

-495

_496

_497

-498

-499

-500

501


HOLE

LITH. trCD

STRUCT. LAYER cc>\ OR PROPS. C°LOR& pun-rn RADIO- g PH£J° GRAPHIC LL

SPL, #

380

390

400 j

410

420

430

440

450

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10

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70

-80

-90

MOO

5Y4/2

©

8-6-1

8-6-2

8-6-3

8-6-4

8-6-5

exj

exj

granules

_^granule ^clusters

|

\

, granule clusters

502

~503

504

505

-506

-507

-508

slight mottling throughout

HOLE to_i32_cm.i i T* ii * i.f\ R A rî^^1 1 T M ill i A \/ô m IX'NT'^X rxr^L/i^/" ^ rv

LITH ' a-! £ STRUCT. L££" COLOR g PH^° GRAPHIC S£L ' CD f~ rROPS. y ^TiT JT » U_ "

456 -i ^ -

466 j

476 ^

.

486 -

-:

496 -j

506 -

:516 j

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526 j

;

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-10

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-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-100

5Y5/2

8-7-1

8-7-2

8-7-3

8-7-4

8-7-5

04

'

, A6

granules

1 A6

ex)

- 509

-510

-511

-512

-513

-514

-515

scattered mottling and bioturbation throughout

HOLE_§_ SLUG-1-DEPTH 532 Cm. to_M8_cm.

532 n

542 J

552 H

562 J

572 H

582 -^

592 ~

602 ~

-

-_

LITH. UJ 1 AYFR ^ PHOTO RADIO- <- p,^ g STRUCT. ppn|R COLOR # PH^° GRAPHIC S L *m p h'ROPS. u ^r ^r

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-10

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-40

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-70

~80

-90

-100

5Y5/2

©

8-8-1

8-8-2

8-8-3

8-8-4

8-8-5

fractured

/

A6^\ / opaque to x-ray

^

©

- 516

- 517

-518

- 519

- 520

- 521

_522



HOLE_A SLUG_9_DEPTH_608_cm.

UTH -0 STRUCT. COLOR | PH£° G^PH°5

608

618

628 J

638 -

648 ~

658

668 J

678

a- 0

MO

§-20

30

j-50

-60

-80

-90

-100

5Y4/2

8-9-1

8-9-2

8-9-3

8-9-4

8-9-5

I

mottled andpossiblydisturbed

A(5 f fractures

A604

A6

A6 granules

A6

«=>

-523

-524

- 525

-526

- 527

- 528

_ 529


. to_Z6o_cm.

LITH<STRIIPT LAYER COLOR S 'RUCT. PROPS. COLOR PHOTO rr 0 :#: GRAPHIC

SPL

684

694

704

724

734

744

754

-30

prglW?'Hft Jtt VK

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$-40

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-70

-80

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5Y5/2

5Y3/2

8-10-1

8-10-2

8-10-3

8-10-4

8-10-5

mottlingopaque tc

1 x-ray

1 04

04

V

V

1

mottling

530

-531

-532

- 533

-534

-535

-536

granules and bioturbation throughout

HOLE-1 SLUG-ll_DEPTH_Z6o_cm. to_836_crn

LITH -a: STRUCT. LAYER COLQR g PHOTO

760

770 -

780 -

790

%ts%£&

800 $$$$ ouu _ fc^.y^l

820 J

830 -

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-10

20

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ii?810 ^ IpS-50

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o

-60

«® - 70s:«*: ' u

-80

-90

-100

SPL.

5Y5/2

8-11-1

8-11-2

8-11-3

8-11-4

8-11-5

§L

A6

«

mottling

- 537

- 538

- 539

- 540

- 541

- 542

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fractured in upper 18 cm


HOLE-1- SLUG-li-DEPTH-safari. toJi^cm.

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8-12-1

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0 iron concretic

A6

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' i

scattered granules

_ 544

- 545

ns

- 546

- 547

- 548

549

- 550

-

longitudinal crack below 20 cm

bioturbation and disseminated granules throughout

912 ,.

922 J

932 H

:942 -I

952 -^

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962 -I

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COLOR

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^

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8-13-1

8-13-2

8-13-3

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KADIO-

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04

T ___ A6 ash?

03

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Tgranules

1

#L '

1I^ W-3214

J

- 551

" 552

"553

-554

"555

-556

W-3214: 9,850 + 250 verticle cracks above 69 cm


HOLE.8_ SLUG-JADEPTH_988_cm. to_io64cm.

LITH 'tf STRUCT LAYER COLOR > STRUCT. PROPS. COLOR " PHOTO rSlpiSr 0 & GRAPHIC

SPL

988

1008

1018

1028

1038

1048

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-80

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5Y4/2

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8-14-2

8-14-3

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A6 ashD

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v g

- 557

- 558

_ 559

- 560

-561

- 562

- 563


HOLE_i SLU6-JJ- DEPTH u>** cm.

LITH>

rfSTRUPT LAYER COLOR STRUCT' PROPS. COLOR

^ PHOTO RADIO-l/> PHOTO /~DAnLji/~Q -ft. GRAPHIC

IU54 -T| 1]

1074 J

1084 -;-

-

.1094 -

1104 J

]1114 4

1124 J

1134 H

-

-

PftlPHIS as®

ES»ftS^sSSsffwf. %^P?

^SSw«g*5 ^'-fe'J&S&P&i9mw ssivys^ ^W?

pimKvV^Sv«

Hi P$jpf#E'wi'.jW.i

PttIN£&&&£fe^fe ^^^S^ mmiPPI*ta

- o

-

-10

-

-20

-30

-40

-50

-

-60

-

-70

-80

-90

-100

5Y5/2

>

0Qr

8-15-1

8-15-2

8-15-3

8-15-4

8-15-5

1. mottling

|

granules

A6 __ __ [_

ashA6 _ L_

1V

_L

A6

longitudinalcrack

- 564

- 565

- 566

- 567

- 568

- 569

- 570

longitudinal crack upper 40 cm

bioturbation throughout (some w/ vivianite fillings)


HOLE_L DEPTH mo cm.

LITH. g $ STRUCT. LAYER CQLOR X PHOTO

1140

1150

1180

1190

1200

1210

1160 -

1170

-10

1-40

60

-80

-90

MOO

£

RADIO- GRAPHIC

SPL. #

5Y5/2

8-16-1

8-16-2

8-16-3

8-16-4

8-16-5

granules- 571

- 572

A6

H

- 573

- 574

575

- 576

v v

longitudinal and verticle cracking above 50 cm

bioturbation and scattered mottling throughout

HOLE-!. SLU6-1Z. DEPTH me cm. to^92_cnrv

LITH.

1216

1226

1236

1246

1256

1286

a-! £ STRUCT. PROPS COLOR "* PHOTOOLL

RADIO- GRAPHIC

SPL.

#

30

-40

1266 -

1276 I-&0

-70

-80

-90

MOO

5Y4/2

8-17-1

8-17-2

8-17-3

8-17-4

8-17-5

1mottling

ex

~rgranules

ex

577

- 578

- 579

- 580

- 581

. 582

583

upper 17 cm badly fractured


HOLEJ_ SLUG-18-DEPTH 1292 Cm.

LITH.a.; STRUCT. LAYER COLOR $ PHOTO

OLL

SPL

1292

1302

1312

1332 -

1342

JWi^ a&

1352

1362

-10

-20

-30

-40

-60

70

-80

-90

-100

5Y5/2

8-18-1

8-18-2

8-18-3

8-18-4

8-18-5

mottling

,

M^-' granule

A6

granules

- 584

_ 585

s

- 586

^87JO I

- 588

. 589

- 590

bioturbation and vertical cracks throughout

HOLE-£ SLU6-19- DEPTH Cm. to_lMlcm.

LITH. ffCD

STRUCT. LAYER cct\ OP PROPS. C°LOR

1368

1378

1388

1398

1408

1418

1428

1438

30

g&m %$$H-4owsBiWiw;*

10

-70

*% PUOT^ RADIO-in PHOTO /-DAOLJI/~o jM- GRAPHICu.

SPL.

#

5Y4/2

8-19-1

8-19-2

8-19-3

8-19-4

8-19-5

granules I

~|r, granules

'£granules

- 591

.592

- 593

- 594

- 595

- 596

~ 597

~80

-90

L-100

crumbly upper 10 cm and 47-50 cm



HOLE _A SLUG-10. DEPTH u** cm. to^io_cm.

LITH.

1444

1454

1464

1474

1484

1494

1504

1514

%"SiWY>m

10

20

30

-40

50

60

-70

a.' Q: STRi irr LAYER $ > blNUCT- PROPS.^ Pwrvrn RADIO- § PH^-0 GRAPH|CLL

SPL.

#

-80

-90

MOO

lumps or noduLes

5GY4/1

Y4/1

8-20-1

8-20-2

8-20-3

8-20-4

8-20-5

debris

granule

598

-599

A6i >v

V

ash?

A6

A6

-600

- 601

. 602



HOLEA. SLUG-2JL. DEPTH i52o_cm. tojL5%_cm.

LITH 'cuff STRiirr LAYER COLOR % PHOTO rplSSr d £ STRUCT- PROPS. COLOR 0 & GRAPHIC

SPL

1520

1530

v's'ff*iafs£3$4'$

1540

1550

1560

m

1570

1580

mB&|.

s^wji

10

20

30

-40

50

-60

-70

m* »»

lumps o nodules

5Y4/1

r

5Y4/2

^

8-21-1

8-21-2

8-21-3

8-21-4

8-21-5

granules mottling

granules

granules

V

*a

granules

>

- 603

- 604

- 605

" 606

- 607

-80

-90

MOO

fracturing from 0-43 cm and 69-77 cm



HOLE.?- !5LUG_22_DEPTH_i596_cm.

1596

1606

1616

1626

1636

1646

1656

1666

LITH. UJ I AYFR *£ Purvrr* RADIO- CD1 o: a STRI irr LATLK COLOR to PHOTO /~DAC>LJI/~ SPL. ti> blKUCT. PROPS. ° 0 & GRAPHIC ^

*~ LL it"

HSB%J'<S('j

^

jSJrKWr^

fefellSfewVWW>XX?*L' Jife^!§

^S$&mm*$&tS£&$*$*,

*&%%!$

^)fwfy&j£*iQ

^§^>SV'4^E;''j1^

^^

8^gsP%M|

^^

^B

8HMi^^,

T#iS^55»;t." fj>«yiav|5?^'

-10

-20

-30

r40

-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-100

5Y3/2

8-22-1

8-22-2

8-22-3

8-22-4

8-22-5

A6

granules

granules

- 608

- 609

- 610

- 611

- 612

- 613

. 614

verticle cracking 0-47 cm


vivianite (?) veins 42-64 cm


HOLEA_ SLU6-23. DEPTH 1672 cm. toiz^_cm

1672

1682 -

1692 _:

1702

1712

1722

1732

1742

-^mr MBM m^mm » -^mw mmmm ^^ .^^^ ^ ,. ^^^ ^^^ w www ~ i -^m* w w w-m ^ -^-^ - ^^ v V

LITH - jg ^ STRUCT. ^2|| COLOR - | PH°T° GRAPHS ^L '

Pf^K»n&>Mi^»SgSs'&K;8W4 M^ft^aai$?$$&? «myam mmm;<ssm*2*i»*T-i»e*n

n*f*ff!^rVJSB^ feisP^S;^Ktt3&uV&-.tteMiS*sg«ift<fc^W*

Bt^®v

8sj?j5?v.tr:^jig^ fct^y^:

MMRHfcHfeis«!t.V&$h?

JPfeStf; ^^««

fe^i

i^^P^^

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-100

(5Y4/2)

5B5/1

8-23-1

8-23-2

8-23-3

8-23-4

8-23-5

®

mottle

' 615

- 616

. 617

- 618

"" 619

- 620

mottling is probably unoxidized mud

badly fractured spl.

mottling, granule clusters, disseminated vivianite and bioturbation throughout

A-i ccomi r»n*-o/1 -F-i oV» Kr»r»/so *-Tr»-rMirtT->r»tif-

HOLE-*. SLUG_2i_DEPTH_iZ48_cm. toi824_cm.

LITH.

1748

1758

1768 j

1778

1788

1798

1808

1818

-10

1-20

$S&pt$&V3U<A

-30

^Sl UKKfir^SJ'ilivl

60

-70

oj jj! STRUCT. LAYER COLOR §RADIO-

/~OADLII/~-ft- GRAPHICSPL. #

-80

-90

MOO

5Y5/2

8-24-1

8-24-2

8-24-3

8-24-4

8-24-5

debris

- 621

- 622

- 623

- 624

-625

-626

0-19 cm distrubed and mottled


HOLE-1 SLUG-iJ-DEPTH 1824 cm.

1824

1834

1844

1854

1864

1874

1884

1894

UTH ' Jj £ STRUCT. LAYER COLOR | PH£° e5i?H« *£"

__

-

;

\

.-:'

-

^

j

-

~_

~

-

"

PgP$

PI

PIfe$re>'r*,.£

Ifety&fcnfc &W&sZf»?J-^^^S1^ «?$?*»î âteiM^ r-Sxj-.'S-S'&m&&w&tsfe&ttpmi-Sti tr-jgipipi8rEi?M::5^kK fesM^Mtefefe^^ j-g&?»jsfcsg&l^^s^$^r/m

tt!B^\SK^Sffi-fif-^f*i.'f>'- fr $$$$*£>^ ^Kgt]2i'^&^*55^w'ii^v &55>s% £*&&$afcffi^frJ

^$vSKî''^waSS(w§SK?/><'^7^T 1feKw^SS%s«Sj SSfe'jrS?-t'SUL-X;

^ Jclc5»»1,'»hi»«ri .fet

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-100

5Y5/2

8-25-1

8-25-2

8-25-3

8-25-4

8-25-5

debris

/" ^^\-/

V

\

_^/

<=><3

®

1

(A*) ^^

<=>« '

V

- 627

- 628

- 629

~ 630

-631

-632

5G5/1 unoxidized color


HOLE-! SLUG_^_DEPTH_iioo_cm.

LITH. L'tf

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

CDSTRUCT. LAYER

PROPS.COLOR

£PHOTO

RADIO- GRAPHIC

SPL.

-40

-60

-70

5Y4/2*

8-26-1

8-26-2

8-26-3

8-26-4

8-26-5

-

r- 633

_ 634

- 635

" 636

- 637

- 638

- 639

~80

-90

MOO

badly fractured when slice was taken, exceptionally sticky

mottling, bioturbation, and granules throughout

HOLE-A SLUG_2L_DEPTH-MZLcm. to^52_ Cm

1976 -j

:

1986 -

1996 :

-

2006 -

2016 :

~

2026 ^

2036 j

2046 -_

-

^

UTR 0.; £ STRUCT. LAYER COLQR £ PHOTO G £'°- SPL. CD J_ rnvjro. ^ -ff JX

^

H

JjJ^ i^ PIKMill^s i^^£«$'%?*%ri'"<syJY'S>;

X

-10

-20

-30

^ 40

-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-100

(5Y5/2)

5B5/1

8-27-1

8-27-2

8-27-3

8-27-4

8-27-5

ashA6

granules

- 640

- 641

- 642

- 643

" 644

- 645

badly fractured

mottling, granules and bioturbation throughout

Appendix B

X-ray Radiographs

open file report · 2010-10-29 · color designations are taken from the munsell soil color chart...

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