Open Access

Activities of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Georg Botz

Senior Advisor Open Access Policy, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Overview

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1

Berlin Declaration on Open Access2

Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3

Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4

Some results5

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 2

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 3

»Insight must precede application«

Max Planck, 1858 -1947Founder of the Quantum TheoryNobel Prize 1918

Basic Research at cutting-edge, strictly curiosity-driven and quality oriented

Autonomy, where scientists decide upon science

“Harnack Principle”: People not programs

Flexible, dynamic, interdisciplinary institutes

Long-term trust systems with significant core funding for high-risk projects

Quality assurance by peers

Mission and Guiding Principles

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 4

Facts and Figures

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 5

17,000 staff members (Jan 1st, 2014)

5,516 scientistsplus 4,600 junior and guest scientists

annual budget 1.5 billion € (2014)plus 440 million € third-party funds / own revenue

Sites of Max Planck Institutes

MAX PLANCK INSTITUTES ABROAD

USA, FLORIDAMax Planck Florida, Jupiter

THE NETHERLANDSMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen

LUXEMBOURGMax Planck Institute Luxembourg forInternational, European and RegulatoryProcedural Law, Luxembourg

ITALYBibliotheca Hertziana, RomeArt History Institute, Florence

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 6

82 Institutes and facilities280 Directors

…has his/her own budget

…recruits personnel

…selects research topics

…identifies cooperation partners in Germany and abroad

…shapes the research structure (projects / departments)

Max Planck Principles

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 7

17 Nobel Prize Laureates

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 8

2007 - Nobelpreis für ChemieGerhard Ertl

2005 - Nobelpreis für PhysikTheodor Hänsch

1995 - Nobelpreis für MedizinChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard

1995 - Nobelpreis für ChemiePaul Crutzen J.

1991 - Nobelpreis für MedizinErwin Neher

1991 - Nobelpreis für MedizinBert Sakmann

1988 - Nobelpreis für ChemieRobert Huber

1988 - Nobelpreis für ChemieHartmut Michel

1988 - Nobelpreis für ChemieJohann Deisenhofer

1986 - Nobelpreis für PhysikErnst Ruska

1985 - Nobelpreis für PhysikKlaus von Klitzing

1984 - Nobelpreis für MedizinGeorges Köhler

1973 - Nobelpreis für MedizinKonrad Lorenz

1967 - Nobelpreis für ChemieManfred Eigen

1964 - Nobelpreis für MedizinFeodor Lynen

1963 - Nobelpreis für ChemieKarl Ziegler

1954 - Nobelpreis für PhysikWalter Bothe

Highly cited researchers (top 1%) from 2002 to 2012

Publication Performance

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 9

Analysis: L. Bornmann, J. BauerData: highlycited.com (2014)

Institution Number of researchersUniversity of California, USA 179

Harvard University, USA 107

National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA 91

Stanford University, USA 56

Max Planck Gesellschaft, Germany 52

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 46

University of Texas, USA 43

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft employs many of the world’s highly cited researchers

Overview

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1

Berlin Declaration on Open Access2

Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3

Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4

Some results5

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 10

„Our mission of disseminatingknowledge is only half complete if the information isnot made widely and readilyavailable to society.“

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (22.10.2003)

Berlin Declaration on Open Access

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 11

479 organisations from 74 countries have sigend the Berlin Declaration

Europe: 356

America: 66

Africa: 42

Asia: 15

Berlin Declaration

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 13

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Some misconceptions

Open Access policies do not affect the author’s freedom to choose whether to publish or not.

Open Access policies do not interfere with patenting or other forms of commercial exploitation.

Open Access is not about access to (commercial) music or movies

Open Access: Concepts and Rationale

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 30.09.2014 | PAGE 14

Open Access is about accessibility, and about the possibility to re-use scientific information in other contexts without financial, technical or legal barriers

“Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.

What makes it possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder.”

Peter Suber, 29.12.2004

Open Access in a Nutshell

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 15

Green Open Access (‘self-archiving’)

A published article or the final peer-reviewed manuscript is archived in an online repository before, after or alongside its publication. Access to this article is often delayed (‘embargo period’) at the request of the publisher.

Gold Open Access (‘Open Access publishing’)

Immediate and unrestricted access to the publisher’s final version of a paper is provided via the journal’s web site. This may involve payment of an ‘Article Processing Charge’ (APC) to the publisher.

Two Paths towards Open Access: Green & Gold

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 16

Overview

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1

Berlin Declaration on Open Access2

Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3

Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4

Some results5

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 17

Greater visibility of research results

Improved refereeing processes

A revolution in scientific search and information retrieval Set up of expert systems

Innovative new information services some of them commercial

Fostering interdisciplinary research by broadening access

Providing access to non-research interests SMEs, community professionals, education

Scholarly Benefits of Open Access

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 18

Study of Open Access Publishing (2009-2011)

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 19

Do you think your research field benefits, or would benefitfrom journals that publish Open Access articles?

89,0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

I do not care

no opinion

No

Yes

(n=38385)

Obstacles for Open Access Publishing

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 20

Has there been a specific reasons why you have not publishedan article by Open Access?

39%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

next time

Habits

Unawareness

accessibility

Other

Journal quality

Funding

(n=5609)

Obstacles for Open Access Publishing

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 21

Has there been a specific reasons why you have not publishedan article by Open Access?

30%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

next time

Habits

Unawareness

accessibility

Other

Journal quality

Funding

(n=5609)

Overview

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1

Berlin Declaration on Open Access2

Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3

Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4

Some results5

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 22

Meeting Open Access Publication Costs

Publication and dissemination should be regarded as an integral part of the research process Research funding should include allocations for making research results

freely available

Max-Planck-GesellschaftAgreements with OA publishers to cover APC Starting in 2003 already

Subscription costs as well as publication costs are paid from the same budget

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 23

Research organisations have to make policy and budgetary decisions that will enable them to finance the publication system in the new way.

High Quality Open Access Journals

(Perceived) quality is one of the main barriers to publishing in open access journalsMax-Planck-Gesellschaft supports new OA journals, e.g.

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 24

Awarded to Randy Schekman, Editor-in-Chief of the Open Access journal eLife

Nobel Prize 2013

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 25

Number of items

Max Planck Publication Repository

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 26

Max Planck Digital Library

Max Planck Publication Repository

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 27

Max Planck Digital Library

Rules of Good Scientific Practice

Regulations governing the publication of results research results achieved with public funds should be made freely

available wherever possible.

Rules for Scientific Advisory Boards

OA has to be addressed in the institute’s status report

description of efforts to promote unrestricted and long-term access to research findings, e.g., the repository of the Max Planck Society, own open-access archives, open access journals, etc.

Internal Regulations

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 28

OA is already implemented in the rules governing the MPG

Berlin Declaration and Conference Series

Advocay, strategy development, and cooperation with partnerorganisations

Alliance; Science Europe; GRC

Open Access „Green“

Max Planck Institutional Repostitory

Open Access „Gold“

Central budget to cover OA publication charges

New OA Journals

Internal regulations

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: Committed to Open Access

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 29

Overview

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1

Berlin Declaration on Open Access2

Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3

Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4

Some results5

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 30

The Global Article Output: Publication Shares

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 31

Source: MPDL analysis

Open Access is the most dynamic segment

number of articles and reviews p.a.

MPG Published Articles – Open Access Gold

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 32

Source: MPDL analysis

MPDL3rd partypublicationservices

MPIsdirect to3rd party

OA Gold publisher

Development of MPG Publications

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 33

Source: MPDL analysis

Significant decrease of relevance of major publishers: 50% 33%

MPG publications by provider / Open Access Gold

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 34

Source: MPDL analysis

85% of all article publications go to only 20 publishers

MPG publications by provider / Open Access Gold

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 35

Source: MPDL analysis

The SCOAP3 effect: immediately among top 15 providers

The Next Generation

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 37

The scholarly publishing system has to be restructured so that it is better adapted to the digital information age.

The costs of scholarly publishing are already supported to a large extend by research funding organizations and research performing organizations, including universities.

There is a need for a coordinated approach, but eachorganisation will have to implement policies according to their needs.

Concluding Remarks

M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 38

“It is time to return control of scholarly publishing to the scholars.”