Impact of Increased Water Capacity on Sustainability of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

FacilitiesDr. Karen Loeb and Dr. Renée Botta

University of DenverAn Academic, Rotary, and NGO

cooperative project in Kibera, Kenya

www.globalwashes.wordpress.com

Kenya & KiberaAbout 34% of Kenyans live in urban

areas, with approximately 2.5 million living in Nairobi.

The urban poor make up 55% of Nairobi’s total population and occupy 5% of the total residential land area.

Kibera is an informal settlement situated on the southwestern part of the city of Nairobi.

The square mile of Kibera comprises 11 villages and is home to at least half a million people living in slum conditions of single rooms, mostly made of mud and corrugated iron sheets.

Proposed Solution: Community-Run Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Systems

Toilet, Shower (Bathroom), and Hand Washing Facilities… …plus Water, Purifiers, and Liquid Soap

Enterprises

Making it Work!-Liquid Soap Making in Hygiene Training

Usage & Financial Record-Keeping in Business

Training-

Community Governance Decision-Making

Total Usage (Feb-July 2012)Feb-1

2

Mar-

12

Apr-

12

May-

12

Jun-1

2

Jul-

12

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Total Usage

Nyando41JolaMSFKisingaOkereWamunyu

Nu

mb

er

of

Use

s

Expenses & Revenues Feb-July ‘12

At-ten-dant56%

Soap5%

Tissues3%

Water 32%

Misc5%

Total Expenses

Water18%

Toilet69%

Showers13%

Total Revenue

Net Margin: Feb – July 2012

Feb

-12

Mar

-12

Apr

-12

May

-12

Jun-

12

Jul-12

-400.00

-200.00

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

1600.00

Net Margin by Facility

Nyando41JolaMSFKisingaOkereWamunyuK

SH

Diagram of Facilities and Plan for Increased Water Capacity Wat/San Facilities in Kibera

(Ndugu School not included)

Nyando with a Platformmm

Area 41

Wamunyu 2 levels

MSF

Existing 5000L Tank New 10,000 L Tank

Jola 2 levels

Okere

Kisinga Existing Pumping Station

50m

250m

Gravitational Flow

100m

150m Pumped Water

50m

100m

Funnel for Rain Water Catchment

New Line

Pump Pump

Pump

Pump

Moving large tanks into place

Clearing a trash dump site for raised tank platform at Nyando

Total Usage (Aug 2012-Jan 2013)A

ug-1

2

Sep-1

2

Oct-

12

Nov-

12

Dec-1

2

Jan-1

3

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Total Usage

Nyando41JolaMSFKisingaOkereWamunyu

Nu

mb

er

of

Use

s

Expenses & Revenues Aug 2012-Jan 2013

At-ten-dant42%

Soap3%

Tissues7%

Water 43%

Misc5%

Total Expenses

Water30%

Toilet49%

Showers17%

Liq Soap4%

Donations0%

Total Revenue

Net Margins (Aug 2012 - Jan 2013)

Aug

-12

Sep

-12

Oct

-12

Nov

-12

Dec

-12

Jan-1

3

-500.00

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

4000.00

Net Margin by Facility

Nyando41JolaMSFKisingaOkereWamunyuK

SH

Alternative Governance Models1. CBO – SDG Hierarchical Model: Sharing Across CBOs

(Kisinga)2. CBO – Organic Operations Model: Independent Decision-

Making (Jola)3. CBO – Early Mobilization Model: Community Decision-

Making (Jollyland)

Conclusions Increasing water capacity and flow to facilities:

Mitigates to some degree impact of water rationingCovers major operational expenses of facilitiesYields positive net margins month-to-monthCreates community access to portable water

More convenient, more economical, potentially safer supplyIncreases water-based services (e.g., showers)Drives greater usage of sanitation facilitiesSupports related entrepreneurial solutions (liquid soap,

purifiers)

Impacts Positively 3 P’s of Sustainability: Profit, People, Planet