OPERATING SYSTEM

PROGRAMS

PREPARED BY:

JOTHAM A. GADOT

OPERATING SYSTEM is a set of programs containing

instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among hardware resources.

Most operating perform similar functions that includes the following:starting and shutting down a computer providing a user interface managing programs

Operating System

memory coordinating tasks

configuring devices

establishing an internet connection

and other utilities, and automatically

updating itself and certain utility programs.

STAND ALONE OPERATING

SYSTEM

STAND ALONE OPERATING SYSTEM

a complete Os that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer or mobile computing device.

are called client OS because they also work in conjunction with a server OS.

EXAMPLES OF CURRENTLY USE STAND ALONE OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows 7 - Microsoft fastest, most efficient OS to date, offering quicker program start up, built in diagnostics, automatic recovery, improved security and others.

Mac Os X - Macintosh OS has a standard for operating System ease of use and has been the model for most of the new GUI’s developed for non – Macintosh systems.

LINUX – One of the fastest growing OS. Includes many programming languages and utility programs.

UNIX – is a multitasking OS. Several versions of this operating system exist, each slightly different. Although some versions of UNIX have a command line interface. Most versions of UNIX offer a graphical user interface.

Types of Operating System

Programs

REAL TIMEa multitasking operating system that aims at

executing real-time applications. often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that

they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems

is their quick and predictable response to events.They have an event-driven or time-sharing design

and often aspects of both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

Multi-user allows multiple users to access a

computer system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems have only one user but may allow multiple programs to run at the same time.

Multi-tasking vs. Single-Tasking This is the type of operating system most people use

on their desktop and laptop computer today. Microsoft Windows and Apple’s Mac OS platform are

both example of operating system that will let a single user have several programs in operation at the same time.

For example, its entirely possible for a Windows user to be writing a note in a word processor while downloading a file from the internet while printing the text of an email message.

Single User/Single Tasks

This operating system is designed to manage the computer so that user can effectively do one thing at a time.

Example:

The Palm OS for palm handheld computer is a good example of modern single users, single tasks operating system.

CO

NTR

OL

PRO

GR

AM

S

CONTROL PROGRAMSA program that enhances an operating

system by creating an environment in which you can run other programs. Control programs generally provide a graphical interface and enable you to run several programs at once in different windows.

Control programs are also called operating environments.

EXAMPLES OF CONTROL PROGRAMS

SERVICE PROGRAMS

It provides programs, an environment to execute

Contains executable

code for one or more services

It provides users, services to execute the programs in a

convenient manner

created with the type

"SERVICE_WIN32"

SHARE_PROCESS contains

code for more than

one service, enabling them to

share code

Common Services

Provided by Operating

System

Program Execution

Loads a program into

memory.

Executes the program.

Handles program's execution.

Provides a mechanism for

process synchronization.

Provides a mechanism for

process communication.

I/O Operation

I/O operation means read or write operation with any file or any specific I/O device.

Program may require any I/O device while running.

Operating system provides the access to the required I/O device when required.

FILE SYSTEM MANIPULATION

Program

needs to read a file

or write a

file.

The operat

ing syste

m gives the

permission to the program for operation on file.

Permission

varies from read-only, read-write, denied and so

on.

Operating

System provide

s an interface to the

user to create/delete files.

Operating

System provide

s an interface to the

user to create/delete directo

ries.

Operating System provides

an interface to create

the backup of file

system.

COMMUNICATION

ERROR HANDLING

OS constantly remains aware of possible errors.

OS takes the appropriate action to ensure correct and consistent computing.

PROTECTION

OS ensures that all access to system resources is controlled

.

OS ensures that external I/O devices are protected from invalid access attempts.

OS provides authentication feature for each user by means of a password.

SOFTWARE COPYRIGHT

COPYRIGHT protects the original expression of ideas in tangible

forms such as literature, music, drama and art. Copyright protection also extends to computer software. A work is automatically subject to copyright as soon as it is recorded in a tangible form.

Under copyright law, people must not:Copy the software for other peopleLend the software to other people the software to

other people Install the software on a network when other users

can access it (unless it is a special ‘network’ version

SOFTWARE COPYRIGHT

all software is protected by copyright--even Linux (Linux just has a really broad license).

There is also a program called Official Copyright Software that helps creators through the process of registering their works.

SOFTWARE LICENSE

SOFTWARE LICENSE a legal instrument (usually by way of contract law, with or

without printed material) governing the use or redistribution of software.

Under United States copyright law all software is copyright protected, except material in the public domain.

A typical software license grants an end-user permission to use one or more copies of software in ways where such a use would otherwise potentially constitute copyright infringement of the software owner's exclusive rights under copyright law.

EXAMPLES OF SOFTWARE LICENSE

shrink wrap contract: an example of a license for which the originators maintain strict control over the software component is the Microsoft Windows Operating System software. This has helped Microsoft successfully gain a dominant position in the software market: Microsoft Licensing.

free software license: The GNU GPL is aimed at providing licenses with significant permissions and rights. There are restrictions in the license -- the licensee must pass on the receivthey provide the software. Once a piece of software is distributed under the GPL that released copy will always be available with the permissions and rights received.

FREEWARE

FREEWARE

Copyrighted software given away for free by the author. Although it is available for free, the author retains the copyright, which means that you cannot do anything with it that is not expressly allowed by the author. Usually, the author allows people to use the software, but not sell it.

EXAMPLES OF FREE WAREMozilla Firefox

Opera web browser

Google Chrome

VLC

MPlayer

OpenOffice.org

Frostwire

Adobe Flash Player

Adobe Reader

SHAREWARE

SHAREWARESoftware distributed on the basis of an

honor system. Most shareware is delivered free of charge, but the author usually requests that you pay a small fee if you like the program and use it regularly. By sending the small fee, you become registered with the producer so that you can receive service assistance and updates. You can copy shareware and pass it along to friends and colleagues, but they too are expected to pay a fee if they use the product.

shareware is inexpensive because it is usually produced by a single programmer and is offered directly to customers. Thus, there are practically no packaging or advertising expenses.

Note that shareware differs from public-domain  in that shareware is copyrighted. This means that you cannot sell a shareware product as your own.

EXAMPLE OF SHAREWARE

AVG Antivirus 

Norton Antivirus 

Youtube Converter

Video2mp3 Converter

OPEN SOURCE

OPEN SOURCE

A software is computer software that is distributed along with its source code - the code that is used to create the software - under a special software license. The license allows users to use, change and improve the software's source code, and to redistribute the software either before or after it has been modified.

TYPES OF

OPEN SOURCE

Linux kernel Eclipse software development platform; Debian operating system; Mozilla's Firefox web browser and

Thunderbird email client; GIMP image editing software; MySQL database system; FreeBSD operating system.

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_licenses

http://www.igcseict.info/theory/6/copy/ http://www.gitam.edu/eresource/comp/gvr(os

)/3.2.htm http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/sharewar

e.html

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_services.htm

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