online foc pbs eng f2

English Form 2 Online Resource

1© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

‘Heir Conditioning’ by M.SHANmughalingam

Poem

M.SHANmughalingam• GraduatedfromUniversitiMalaya–MastersdegreefromHarvardUniversity–DoctoratefromOxfordUniversity.

• Poemsandshortstoriesfeaturedandanthologiespublishedworldwide.

Overview

• Dialoguebetweenthegrandparentsandtheirgrandchild.• Twodifferentviewsfromtwogenerationsonrespectivewayoflife.• Thetwogenerationsfaceddifferentenvironmentalandspiritualproblems.• TheoldergenerationrespectednatureandfearedGod.• Theyoungergenerationfacesenvironmentalproblems,hasbecomemorematerialisticandhasnorespectfornature.

• Time–20thcenturywithreferencetomoderngadgets• Currentenvironmentalproblemsofpollution,destructionofnature• Mentalandspiritualproblems–money-mindedandstress-related• Place–livingroomingrandson’shouse,andvillagehomeofgrandparents

Setting


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• Thetoneismatter-of-fact,serious,frankandhonest• Thegrandfatherandthegrandchildshowconcernforeachother’swayoflifeinamatter-of-factway

• Themoodisreflectiveasthegrandfathermakesanunhappycommentwiththepresentgeneration’smaterialisticapproachtolifeandnature.

Tone & Mood

• Threepersonasinthepoem–grandfather,grandmotherandthegrandchild

• Usespronouns‘we’and‘I’

Persona

• Structure–thepoemiswritteninfreeversewithnofixedrhymeandhastwostanzas

• Style–simpleanddirect.Itiswrittenasifadialogueisgoingonbetweenthegrandparentsandthegrandchild

• Language–simple,directandeasytounderstandasthepersonasaretalkingabouttheirdailylives

Structure, Style & Language



• …was it hard staying alive without modern inventions?

• Could you communicate before faxes and long distance calls became basic necessities?

Rhetorical Question

• Thereisaclearimageofanolderpersoncomfortablyfanningherselfwithapaperfan.

• Thereisalsotheimageofforestsandhillsbeingclearedoftheirgreencoveringandstreamsdyingfrompollution.

Imagery

• Acomparisonismadeoftwodifferentwaysoflifeandtheirconsequences

• Thespiritualandphysicalattitudeofthetwogenerationstonatureisalsocompared.

Comparison

• Anexampleofalliterationasusedinstanza1:‘…flustered as you fluttered with paper fans?’

Alliteration

• ‘Paperfan’isasymbolorindicationofthesimplelifeinthepast.

• ‘Airconditioner’representstechnologyorthepresent

Symbolism

• Useofcommoneverydaywordslike‘breathe’.‘communicate’and‘pollution’etcshowsthatthepoemhasasimpleanddirectapproach.

Diction

PoeticDevices



Metaphor

• Theword‘ignorance’meanstobelessknowledgeabletechnologically

• Thephrase‘moneyisyournewGod’indicatesthatmoneyissoimportanttotheyoungergeneration.

Figurative Language

• ‘Naturefearsyou’–natureasinthephysicalfeaturesofhills,forestsandstreamshasbeengiventhehumanqualityofbeingafraidofman.

• ‘moneyisyournewGod’–moneyhasbeengiventhehumanqualityofbeingrespectedanddesired

Personification Pun

• Thetitle‘HeirConditioning’isapunusedinplaceofairconditioning

• Itreferstotheyoungergenerationwhoinheritstheworldandhowtheyhavereacted.

• Theoldergenerationwantsthemtoactmoreresponsibly.

Moral Values

• Wemustbegratefulwithwhatwehave

• Presentdayvaluesaredifferentfromyesteryears

• Greedcanleadtodestruction• Theyoungergenerationhasdifferentvaluesfromtheoldergenerations

• Preservetheenvironment• Wemustpayahighpricefordevelopment.

Theme

• Progressordevelopmentbringsproblemsthatcanaffectourqualityoflife.

• Challengesinlife• NatureisagiftofGodtoman

• Manandnature• Greedandmaterialismhaveconsequences



‘I Wonder’ by Jeannie Kirby

Poem

Overview

• Time:thepresent,dayandnight• Place:parkorplayground,fieldoropenareaandcountryside

Setting

• Thepersonamightbeaninquisitiveandnaïvechildwhoobservesthingsaroundhim.

• Thepersonaisayoungpersonwhoiscuriousaboutthehappeningsinnaturethatheseesandfeels.

Persona

• Firstpersonpointofview

Point of View

• Thepersonatalksandasksaboutthingsandhappeningsinnature.• Hedoesnotunderstandwhyandhowthingshappeninnature.• Theymayseemnaturalandsimpleyettheyarehardtounderstand.• Hewondersabouthissurroundings,thingsheseesaroundhimduringthedayandnight.

• Hedoesnotunderstandthenaturalphenomena.• Healsowonderswhyhisfather,ifheknows,willnotexplainthesethingstohim.



Structure, Style & Language• Structure–sixstanzasorcoupletswitharegularscheme:aa,bb,cc,dd

• Stylesimpleanddirecttothepointasthepersonavoiceshisthoughtsaboutnature

• Makeshisqueriesthewayachildwouldaskabouthissurroundings• Language–simplewith‘wh’wordsandquestions

Tone, Mood and Atmosphere• Thepersonausessimplewordstoexpresshisthoughts.• Thepersonaiscuriousaboutthingsheseesinhissurroundings.• Heisquestioning,quietandcontemplativeatthesametime.• Hemarvelsatthethingsheseesalthoughhemaynotunderstandthem.• Reflectiveaboutthewondersofnature• Fullofcuriosityaboutthingshedoesnotunderstand



Personification• Thetreesarepersonifiedashavingtotakearestlikeus

• Thestarsarepersonifiedashavingtheabilitytoblowoutlightlikeanyoneofus

PoeticDevices

Repetition• Thewords,‘who’ and‘why’arerepeatedforeffectasthepersonawondersaboutthewhysandhows

Imagery• Imageryreferstotheuseofwordsorphrasesthatappealtothereader’ssensesofsight,sound,tasteandhearing.

• Thewindcanbefeltbutnotseen.• Thegrass,stars,lightningandrainbowportrayscoloursinnature.

• Themoonandfluffycloudsportraytheshapesweseeinnature.

Alliteration• grass…green• birds…build• andtoldthetreetotakearest

Rhetoric Question• Coupletsareintheformofquestions

• Thisisusedforeffectasifthepersonaexpectsananswerfromreaders



Themes

• Achild’scuriosity–childrenlovetoaskquestionsaboutthingstheydonotunderstand.

• Lifehasmanythingsthatpuzzleus.• Beobservantaboutoursurroundings.• Observewhatnaturehastoofferus.• Lookaroundandappreciatethewonders,coloursandlightthatnaturehasgivenus.

• Lifeisacycleandtherearemanythingshappeningwhichwedonotunderstand.

• Weshouldnotprofesstounderstandeverythingaboutlife.

Moral Values

• Weshouldbeobservantandsensitivetooursurroundings.• Weshouldalwayscultivateasenseofwonderinourheart.• Weshouldappreciateandtakecareofnature.• ThereisahigherbeingorCreatorofnatureandourworld.• Wemustcarefortheenvironment.• Wemusthaveastrongdesiretolearnwheneverandwhereverthereistheopportunitytogainknowledge.



‘One is One and All Alone’ by Nicholas Fisk

Short Story

Nicholas Fisk• NicholasFisk’srealnameisDavidHigginbottom• HewasborninLondonon14October1923• Heisawriterofsciencefictionbooks• HewroteapopularseriesofnovelscalledtheStarstormers• Hehaswrittenmorethanfortybooks

• Thisstoryisaboutayounggirl,Trish,theonlychildonboardaspaceshipheadingtowardsplanetTrion.

• TrishwillbemeetinghermotherinplanetTrion.• Shefeelsquitelonelyasherfatherisbusywithhiscrewandhardlyspendsanytimewithher.

• Lefttoherowndevices,Trish,beingboredandlonely,clonesherselfsothatshewillhaveacompanionjustlikeherself.

• However,thingsdonotgoasplannedforTrishasshebeginstoresenttheabsolutesimilaritybetweenherselfandherclone.

• Shedecidestogetridoftheclone.• TheendresultisunexpectedasitistheclonewhogetsridsofTrishandassumesTrish’sidentity.

Thestorytakesplacein2045onaspaceshipinouterspace.

Setting

Overview



Moral Values• Wemustlearntobepatient.• Wemustnotmisusepublicfacilities.• Wemustnotexpectlifetobejoyfulallthetime.• Wemustnotmakeuseoftechnologyforourownbenefit.• Wemustnotexperimentwiththingswhichwearenotfamiliarwith.

Themes• Timeshouldbegainfullyoccupied.• Wemustbesatisfiedwithwhatwehave.• Itisimportanttohavefriendsandcompanions.• Itisimportanttoappreciateone’sownidentity.• Wemustbeabletoadapttodifferentsituations.• Thereisanaturalorderofthingsformanandtheworld.• Wemustnottrytochangeourcircumstancesunnecessarily.• Technologyshouldnotbeabusedforone’sownpersonalgain.

Plot

ExpositionThestorybeginsonaspaceship.Trishisonthespaceshipwithherfatherandhiscrew.TheyaretravellingfromEarthtoplanetTrion.TrishwillseehermotherwhentheyarriveatTrion.Trishrecordsherthoughtsandfeelingsinherdiary.ShecommunicateswithherVoicePrinterandlearnsaboutcloning.Shethendecidestocloneherself.

Rising ActionTheclone,Clo,behavesinexactlythesamemannerasTrish;theywearthesameattires,repeatthesamewordsandhavethesamethoughts.Trishisinitiallythrilledtohaveacompanion,butsoonthenoveltyofaclonewearsoff.TrishbeginstofeelunhappyaboutClobecauseshefeelsthatCloisinvadingherprivatethoughts.ShebeginstoreconsiderClo’sexistence.

ResolutionCloissatisfiedwithwhatshehasdone.

ClimaxTrishcannottolerateCloanylongeranddecidestogetridofherbyusingoneofthefivehatchesoutsidehercabinatnight.However,beforeshecandothis,ClodisposesofTrishfirst.

FallingClotakesTrish’splace.Thefatherisunawareofwhathashappenedtohisdaughter.



Trish• Feelslonelybecausesheistheonlychildonthespaceship• Isindependentandknowshowtooccupyherself• ActivelycommunicateswithherVoicePrinter• LearnshowtocloneherselfbasedontheinstructionsfromtheVoiceprinter

• CreatesacloneandnamesherClo• Isthrilledtohaveacompaniononboardthespaceship• However,oncethenoveltywearsoff,shebecomesannoyedwithCloandtriestogetridofher

• UnfortunatelyClogetswindofherplansanddisposesofTrishfirst

Clo• IsexactlylikeTrishinpersonality,mannerismsandtemperament• DisposesofClowhenshediscoversthatsheisindangerofbeingdestroyed

Voiceprinter• IsinformativeandcommunicateswithTrish• TeachesTrishhowtocloneherself• IsloyaltoTrishandisagoodcompaniontoheratalltimes

Minor Characters

Main Characters

Trish’s Father• IstheExecutiveOfficeronthespaceship• IsextremelybusyandhardlyhastimeforTrish• Doesnotrealisethatanimposterhastakenhisdaughter’splace



StyleThestoryiswrittenasdiaryentries,intheformofdialogues.Thediaryentriesallowustounderstandthemaincharacterandgiveusaninsighttoherthoughtsandfeelings.

Repetition• “I’m sick of Me. I’m sick of being the only child on the ship. I’m

sick of computer images and sounds” • When Clo has nothing to do, it’s always pick, pick, pick, I mean

my mum is my mum, nothing to do with Clo. My mum, mine only.

Contrast“Now that might sound exciting, but it’s not.”

Alliteration“Finished and forgotten, Finally free!”

Simile“…bright as a button…”

Irony“I can’t stand the way Clo’s mind works. I can’t stand Clo’s corny jokes, and her dismal sulks. I can’t stand Clo’s laugh or eating habits or her finger picking”.TheironyofthesituationisthatTrishisactuallyirritatedwithherownhabits,asClo’sannoyinghabitsareactuallyareflectionofherownways.

Point of View Thestoryistoldinthefirstpersonpointofview.Thefirstpersonnarrationenablesthewritertovividlydescribetheactionsandemotionsofthecharactersintheshortstory.Thereadershaveaccesstothethoughtsandemotionsofthemaincharacter,Trish,andlater,Clo,aftershemurdersTrish.

Tone and MoodTheordinarytoneisfeltinthebeginning.ThisiswhenTrishsaysthatsheislonelyandneedsacompanion.However,thetonechangestosomethingoutoftheordinary.ThisiswhenTrishdecidestomakeaclone.Shemakes“anotherMe”intheBioLab.LaterTrishdecidestogetridofClobutTrishgetskilledinstead.Literary

Devices



Setting

Thedramaissetinfourdifferentplaces–thecottage,thetower,thebaby’snurseryandthewoods.Thetimeperiodwasalongtimeagowhenmagicalcreaturessuchasfairies,elves,goblinsexistedinpeacewithhumans.

Overview

• ThisdramaisaboutagirlcalledLisawhobecomestrappedinatrickysituationduetoherparents’foolishboasting.

• BecauseoftheirdesiretoseeLisabemarriedtotheKing,theymakeafrivolousdeclarationthatLisacanspinstrawintogold.

• ThegreedyKingtakesLisatohiscastleandthreatenstobeheadherifshecannotliveuptoherparents’words.

• AstrangelittlemanarrivestohelpLisawiththetask.Inreturnheasksforherfirstbornchild.

• Whenthemancomestoclaimhisreward,Lisarefusestogiveupherchild.• Thelittlemanagreestoleavethefamilyaloneiftheycanguesshisname.

‘Rumpelstiltskin’ Retold by Angela Lanyon

Drama

Angela Lanyon• BorninLeamingtonSpa,Englandin1930• SheisamemberoftheWorchesterWriters’Circle,UK• ShehasbeeninvolvedinChildren’sTheatreaswriter,assistantmanagerandadministrator

• ShehaslivedinScotland,WalesaswellasinEngland



ResolutionLisaguessesthelittleman’snamecorrectly.Themanissoangrythathevanishesinapuffofsmoke.ThebabyissafeandLisa’sparentspromisenevertoboastagain.

Falling ActionThemanagreestoletLisakeepherchildifshecanguesshisnamewithinthreedays.Lisafailstoguessthenameonthefirsttwodays.Finallyindesperation,Lisa’sparentsfollowthemanintothewoods.Theyhearhimsinganddanceandsayouthisname,Rumpelstiltskin.

ClimaxTheKingeventuallymarriesLisaandwhentheirfirstchildisborn,thestrangemanreturnstoclaimhisreward.Lisabegshimtoacceptthegoldinsteadbutherefuses.

ExpositionOneday,theKingvisitsthepoormiller’scottageandtastesthepiemadebythemiller’sdaughter,Lisa.ThemillerboastssayingthatLisacandoanythingandhegoesontoexaggeratethatLisacanevenspinstrawintogold.ThegreedykingtheninsiststhatLisaprovewhatherfatherhassaid.Heforceshertofollowhimbacktothecastle.Hethreatenstobeheadherifshecannotspinstrawintogold.

Rising ActionLisaislockedinaroomfullofstrawandorderedtospinthemintogold.Lisabeginstoweepbecausesheisunabletoperformthetask.Then,astrangelittlemanclimbsintothetowerandofferstohelpLisainexchangeforhernecklace.Onseeingthegold,thekingbecomesgreedieranddemandsmoregold.ThelittlemanhelpsLisaagain,thistimeinexchangeforherring.WhenLisaisorderedtospintherestofthestrawintogold,thestrangemanasksforherfirstbornchildinreturnforhishelpandLisareluctantlyagrees.



MAIN CHARACTERS

MINOR CHARACTERS

Rumpelstiltskin• Asmallmanwhopossessesmagicalpowers.• HeuseshismagicalpowerstohelpLisaspinstrawintogold,asdemandedbytheking.

• HeismanipulativeandtakesadvantageofLisa’sweaknessforhispersonalgain.

• HedemandsLisa’sfirstbornascompensationforhelpingLisa.• Heagreestoleaveherbeifshecanguesshisname.

Lisa• Apretty,younggirlwholivesasimplelifewithherparentsinacottage.

• Shebakeswellandherparentsconstantlyboastabouthercleverness.

• Onedayshegetstrappedinatrickysituationwhenherparents

convincethekingthatshecanspinstrawintogold.

• Lisaisthenforcedtomovetothecastletocarryouttheking’swishes.

The King• HeisagreedyrulerwhoseizesthechancetoincreasehiswealthbyaskingtheimpossibleofLisa,tospinstrawintogold.

• HeisinhumaneandlocksLisaupinatower.• HeiscruelandthreatenstobeheadLisaifsheisunabletocarryoutthetask.

Lisa’s Parents• Foolishandboastful.• TheytrickthekingintobelievingthatLisacanspin

strawintogold.• Howevertheyredeemthemselveswhentheyfollow

Rumpelstiltskinintothewoodstofindouthisname,

thussavingtheirgrandchild.



Themes • Greedforwealth• Takingresponsibilityforone’swordsandactions

• Peopleabusingtheirpower• Beingtruthfulaboutone’sabilities• Man’snaturetoaskforrewardsinreturnforgooddeeds

• Boastingandmakingrashpromises

Moral Values • Weshouldhelpwithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.

• Wemustnotmakepromiseswecannotkeep.

• Wemustbehumbleandtruthfulaboutourfamilymembers’abilities.

• Weshouldnottakeadvantageofothers’weakness.

• Wemustnotbegreedy.• Wemustneverlietogetwhatwewant.

Literary Devices

Sincethisisadrama,theauthorusesthethirdpersonpointofview.Heisomniscient–thismeansthatheknowseverythinginthestory.However,thecharactersdothinkaloudwhentheyarethinking.Thus,thereadersareabletounderstandwhatthecharactersaredoing.

Point of View

Thetoneandmoodislightheartedandpositive

Tone and Mood

Sitandcuddleyourdarlingson,Fortomorrowyou’llhavenone.Riddleandtricksaremygame,Youwon’teverguessmyname.

WifeandfamilyIhavenone,ButtomorrowI’llhavetheKing’sownson.Tricksandriddlesaremygame.Rumpelstiltskinismyname.

Use of Rhyme and Music

Thestyleofwritingisverysimple,uncomplicatedandstraightforward.Thelanguageissimple,reflectingthelifestyleofthevillagepeople.

Language and Style

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