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Learn more :

Take the second part of this online course, Radiation and Our Surroundings, which you can also find at radiationsafety.ca/online-courses. Visit our website to view our list of Professional Certificate Courses, Radiation Safety Awareness Courses, and Employee Radiation Safety Training Courses : radiationsafety.ca/workplace/education-and-training-services

Contact our Training Coordinator, Tara Hargreaves, at thradiationsafetyca.

If you have comments or questions regarding this course, please send them to me, Claire, at ccohalan radiationsafety ca.

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ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION67X-Ray 5. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of particle is emitted from this decay? AlphaPositive beta particle (positron) Negative beta particle (electron)QUIZWrong .

This was a tricky question. In decays, you have to make sure that mass and charge are conserved. If a neutron, which is neutral in charge, turns into a proton, all of a sudden youve got an extra positive charge that didnt exist before. You therefore have to eject an electron, so a negative charge from the nucleus, to balance this out.(though I just gave you the answer!)Try again!

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION65The Radiation Safety Institute of Canada wishes to express its appreciation to the following contributors of this online course :

Claire Cohalan Tara Hargreaves Justin McKinnon Don Bell Reza Moridi Brian Bjorndal Ian Watson ACKNOWLEDGMENTSATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION68X-Ray 5. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of particle is emitted from this decay? AlphaPositive beta particle (positron) Negative beta particle (electron)QUIZWong

X-rays are created by the slowing down of electrons, not through radioactive decay.Try again!

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION635. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of particle is emitted from this decay? AlphaPositive beta particle (positron) Negative beta particle (electron)Good !

In decays, you have to make sure that mass and charge are conserved. If a neutron, which is neutral in charge, turns into a proton, all of a sudden youve got an extra positive charge that didnt exist before. You therefore have to eject an electron, so a negative charge from the nucleus, to balance this out.ContinueQUIZX-Ray

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION665. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of particle is emitted from this decay? AlphaPositive beta particle (positron) Negative beta particle (electron)X-Ray QUIZATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION62ATOMSprotons,neutrons,and

electrons.NucleusAll matter is made up of atoms. The different elements are simply made up of atoms with different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Click on the different particles to learn more about them! BackNucleus :

Electrical charge : Z (Atomic Number, number of protons)Mass : A (Mass Number, number of protons and neutrons)

Size : 10-14 meters 10 000 times smaller than the atom!

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION8ATOMSprotons,neutrons,and

electrons.NucleusAll matter is made up of atoms. The different elements are simply made up of atoms with different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Click on the different particles to learn more about them! ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION4Radio waves

Radio waves

MicrowavesVisible LightInfrared light

Non-Ionizing Rad.

Click on the types of non-ionizing radiation to learn more!IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATIONIonizing Radiation : radiation which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are always ionizingIons travelling through your body can break DNA and cellsPoor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer.

Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic enough to create ionsWill not produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not lead to cancers related to radiation exposure. MicrowavesVisible LightInfrared light

Non-Ionizing Rad.

Infrared Light:

Our eyes cannot see infrared photons, but our body can still sense them Infrared light is essentially heat

Slightly less energetic than red light Reason why oven elements glow red

Courtesy NASA/JPL-CaltechElectromagnetic SpectrumEnergy Increasing

Back

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION37

Phosphorus-32

Beta particle (electron)

Sodium-22Beta particle (positron)Sulfur-32Neon-22++EXAMPLES OF BETA DECAY

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION20Click on the types of non-ionizing radiation to learn more!IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATIONIonizing Radiation : radiation which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are always ionizingIons travelling through your body can break DNA and cellsPoor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer.

Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic enough to create ionsWill not produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not lead to cancers related to radiation exposure. Radio waves

MicrowavesVisible LightInfrared light

Non-Ionizing Rad.

Microwaves :

Less energetic than visible light

Optimal wavelength (size) to transfer energy to water

Analogous to pushing a kid on a swing If you are not at the right place, you are wasting a lot of energy Placing yourself at the end of the natural motion of the swing will allow for a maximal push

Back

OHH

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION34IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATIONIonizing Radiation : radiation which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are always ionizingIons travelling through your body can break DNA and cellsPoor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer.

Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic enough to create ionsWill not produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not lead to cancers related to radiation exposure. Radio waves

MicrowavesVisible LightInfrared light

Non-Ionizing Rad.

...Click on the types of non-ionizing radiation to learn more!

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION32Radio waves

MicrowavesVisible LightInfrared light

Non-Ionizing Rad.

Click on the types of non-ionizing radiation to learn more!Ionizing Radiation : radiation which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are always ionizingIons travelling through your body can break DNA and cellsPoor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer.

Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic enough to create ionsWill not produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not lead to cancers related to radiation exposure. X-rays are photons Very energetic Produced when electrons lose energy, e.g. when electrons interact with matter, notably with other electrons. Close

IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION33A radioactive decay is a process in which the unstable nucleus releases energy. There are several types of radioactive decays. Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha Decay

Gamma DecayNeutron RadiationBeta Decay

Radioactive DecayTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYGamma decay:

Energetic photon liberated from a nucleus

No mass or charge, so dont change the nature of the nuclei they are emitted from

Typically follow alpha or beta decays

Electrically neutral, dont interact as readily with matter Only slowed down or stopped in direct collisions with electrons Thick layers of lead are required to reduce their intensity

Example of gamma decays...Back

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION21

Uranium-2384.18 MeV Alpha

Thorium-234Radon-222Radium-2264.77 MeV Alpha++...This is the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, of the alpha particle. It is indicative of how much energy this particle can deposit in matter. 1 MeV = 1 000 000 eV1 eV = 1.6 x 10-19 JCloseEXAMPLES OF ALPHA DECAY

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION18

Uranium-2384.18 MeV Alpha

Thorium-234Radon-222Radium-2264.77 MeV Alpha++......EXAMPLES OF ALPHA DECAY

ATOMSRADIOACTIVITYIONIZATIONQUIZTYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAYSIONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION16