one health and ecohealth: a framework for agriculture and health research and intervention
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Hung Nguyen, Fred Unger, Jeff Gilbert and Delia Grace at the ILRI@40 Livestock and Healthy Lives Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014TRANSCRIPT
One Health and Ecohealth:A framework for agriculture and health
research and interventionHung Nguyen, Fred Unger, Jeff Gilbert, Delia Grace
ILRI@40 Livestock and healthy lives workshop
Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014
Complex health problems - need of new approaches
• Complex interaction of disease emergence and environmental factors
• Needs strong capacity to respond to current and future challenges of emerging infectious diseases and other health issues.
• One Health and Ecohealth approaches are more effective ways to tackle the complexity associated with emerging infectious diseases than employing a single disciplinary approach.
Ecohealth
Sick animals
Zoonoses
Ecohealth framework assumes human, livestock, wildlife, and environmental health are integrally related
6 principles (IDRC, 2012)
1. Systems Thinking2. Transdisciplinary Research3. Participation4. Sustainability5. Gender and Social Equity6. Knowledge to Action
http://www.cdc.gov/onehealth
The collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally and globally to attain optimal health for people, animal and our environment
(FAO, OIE, WHO, WB…)
One Health
“One Health” can be defined as the added value in terms of lives of animals and humans saved, financial savings and improved ecosystem services from a closer cooperation of human and animal health as compared to single sector approaches (Zinsstag et al., 2012)
From theoretical to operational definition:
Integrative approaches
5
Human healthHuman health
One Medicine
Societies, cultures, Economies, institutions, Policies
Agroecosystem health
AnimalHealth.livestock.wildlife
V P H.
EcoHealth
ONE HEALTH
IncentivesValuesPreferencesCultureIgnoranceGovernanceRule-breaking
Präsentationstitel 6
Comparative profitability of rabies control in N‘DjaménaZinsstag et al. (2009) PNAS 106(35):14996-5001
Human vaccination alone
Dog and human vaccination
Synoptic view of benefits and costs of animal brucellosis mass vaccination in Mongolia (Zinsstag, 2009)
Distribution of Benefits
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
Interventioncost
Publichealth
benef its
Privatehealth
benef its
Householdincome
loss
Total HealthBenef its
AgriculturalBenef its
TotalSocietalBenef its
Sector
US
$
8
Business case for One Health
• $25 billion invested would bring benefits worth $125 billion.
• Zoonotic diseases interventions: $3.7 for every $1.0 invested.
Estimated costs and benefits of One Health investments over a 10-year period with benefits and costs per year
Delia Grace (2014)
One Health and EcoHealth research at ILRI
Research– Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging
Infectious Diseases in Southeast Asia (EcoZD): Trans-disciplinary collaboration between institutions & teams
– Cost-benefit analysis of One Health– Food safety and One Health
Capacity development– Ecohealth resource centres: Chiang Mai University (CMU), Thailand and
University of Gadjah Mada (UGM), Indonesia, PHFI in India, CENPHER at HSPH
– Taskforce for food safety risk assessment
Influencing outcomes and policy
Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases in Southeast Asia
(EcoZD)
General objective: Increase the EcoHealth capacity in SE Asiatargeting the risks and impacts of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases (ZEIDs) and how feasible options can be best implemented
2008 – 2013
‘Learning by Doing’ of EH approach; also new for ILRI team
Regional: 6 countries
ILRI EcoZD – 6 country teams & case studies
Thailand/Vietnam: Model of Hygienic Small Scale Poultry Slaughter HouseVarious institutions, Livestock Services, MoH, Universities, PhD student
Cambodia: Zoonotic Causes of Acute Bloody Diarrhoea in rural Cambodia4 Institutes (Livestock/AH and Health)
Vietnam: Zoonoses priority ranking at Provinces in Southern Vietnam (Leptospirosis in pigs and humans), 3 Institutes (PH and livestock)
China (Yunnan): Prevention and Control of Brucellosis & Toxoplasmosis - 4 Institutions/Universities involved
Indonesia: Study on Rabies Control in Bali (dog ecology and behavior)4 Institutions/NGO & 1 Universities
Laos: Study of smallholder pig system in lowland and upland (zoonoses & production diseases), 3 institutions & 1 University
EcoHealth Resource center at Universitas Gadja Mada (since Jan 2011)
EcoHealth-OneHealth Resource center at Chiang Mai University
(since Oct 2010)
Eco Health / One Health Resource Centres
Capacity building (EH related courses)
Research (various case studies)
Communication/networking
Food safety risk assessment taskforce in Vietnam
Working group• Public Health• Veterinarian• Policy makers• CommunityMode of operation• Training• Case study• Policy influence
Taskforce of Risk Assessment for food safety: linking science to policy to increase food safety
Challenges of One Health/ Ecohealth
• Institutional challenges: acceptance, policy engagement
• Integration and transdisciplinarity • Capacity building: One Health workforce• Incentives: how to share credits, added
values of One Health• Sustainability
• INDOHUN
• THOHUN
• VOHUN
• MYOHUN
EcoEID
Emerging Pandemic Threats Program
PREDICT • RESPOND • PREVENT • IDENTIFY
EHRCs
GHI
Modified from Hung Nguyen (2013)
ACIAR
ComAcross
The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org
Special thanks to the former EcoZD team and its partners