ondŘej novÁk control technology department, faculty of electrical engineering, czech technical...
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ONDŘEJ NOVÁKControl Technology Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague
Ondřej Novák, Č[email protected]
Household consumption control and secure integration of RESs [Renewable Energy Sources]
Control system concept and pilot project presentation
České vysoké učení technické v Praze
Project BIOZE
Project BIOZE
Joint Project of FAV ZČU, FEL ČVUT, FEL ZČU, Pontech s.r.o. and Cygni spol. s r.o.
Grant of TAČR (Technological Agency of the Czech Republic): Project Alfa TA01020865
Partial project: Power consumption control with regard to the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs)
Project BIOZE
Power System Control Group
Research group at the Department of Control Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, active in the field of modelling, simulation and optimisation in power engineering
Co-project management of the BIOZE project Since 2005, co-project management of the SESyS
project – Reliability and economy of system services for ČEPS, a.s.
Simulation of dispatching control in transmission systems Simulative optimisation of regulative ranges for auxiliary
services Routine application as an analytical tool for the
preparation of documents to the annual arrangement of transmission system operation
Project BIOZE
Power consumption control
Project BIOZE
Goal: to minimise negative impact of installed (fotovoltaic) RESs on DS Overflow into DS
Overvoltage in grid
Idea: to consume power on the spot, i.e. at the place where it has been generated
Accumulation of power generated in fotovoltaic units in household hot-water heaters
Goals of power consumption control
Project BIOZE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Days
Pow
er o
utpu
t [kW
]
Maximum import a export
With consumption control
Without consumption control 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
Days
Pow
er [k
Wh]
Imported and exported power
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-100
-50
0
50
100
Days
Pow
er o
utpu
t [kW
]
Power output balance of a transforming station
Optimised balanceOriginal balance
Principle of control algorithm
2nd step: Adherence to the calculated reference from the 1st stepOptimisation of hot-water heater switchingCalculation repeated in each 5 minutesLimits for optimisation:
Capacity of heaters (hot water quantity) Limitation for switching : prevention of
excessive wearing (of switches)
OptimiserOptimiser Controlled consumptionControlled
consumption
++
-
Resulting balance
Prediction ofuncontrolled consumption
Prediction ofuncontrolled consumption
Prediction ofuncontrolled generation
Prediction ofuncontrolled generation
Two-step calculation of switching times of hot-water heaters:1st step: Minimisation of power output flows to/from the area (= maximisation of local utilisation of generated power) In accordance with the prediction of power generation & consumption in the controlled area for 12 hoursResult: Reference power output balance of the area for the next 12 hours
Project BIOZE
Prediction of uncontrolled
consumption
Prediction of uncontrolled
consumption
Prediction of uncontrolled generation
Prediction of uncontrolled generation
Principle of control algorithm
2nd step: Adherence to the calculated reference from the 1st stepOptimisation of hot-water heater switchingCalculation repeated in each 5 minutesLimits for optimisation:
Capacity of heaters (hot water quantity) Limitation for switching: prevention of
excessive wearing (of switches)
OptimiserOptimiser Controlled consumptionControlled
consumption
Uncontrolled consumptionUncontrolled consumption
Uncontrolled generation
Uncontrolled generation
++
-
Resulting balance
Prediction ofuncontrolled consumption
Prediction ofuncontrolled consumption
Prediction ofuncontrolled generation
Prediction ofuncontrolled generation
Two-step calculation of switching times of hot-water heaters:1st step: Minimisation of power output flows to/from the area (= maximisation of local utilisation of generated power) In accordance with the prediction of power generation & consumption in the controlled areaResult: reference power output balance of the area for the next 12 hours
Project BIOZE
Implementation of control algorithmwith the measurement of output balance at DTS
Project BIOZE
cloudiness forecast (t : t + TP )
typical fotovoltaic generation (t : t + TP )
„DD“ fotovoltaic
„DD“ fotovoltaic
Prediction of power consumption (t : t + TP )
Controlled consumptionControlled
consumption
Instructions for hot waterheater control (t)
OptimiserOptimiser
output balanceDTS (t)
TDDTDD
daily consumption chart (t : t + TP)
Prediction ofuncontrolled generation
(fotovoltaic) & consumption
Prediction ofuncontrolled generation
(fotovoltaic) & consumption
Prediction of power generation fotovoltaic (t : t + TP )
Metering of output flow from DTS
Metering of output flow from DTS
TP – predicative horizon of calculation = 12 hrs
Meteo-dataMeteo-data
Uncontrolled generation and consumption
Uncontrolled generation and consumption
Input of controlledconsumption (t)
Uncontrolledconsumptionbalance (t)
meteringtransmitted data
Implementation of control algorithmwith simulated output balance of DTS (without on-line measurement of balance)
Project BIOZE
cloud forecast (t : t + TP )
typical fotovoltaic generation (t : t + TP )
„DD“ fotovoltaic
„DD“ fotovoltaic
daily consumptioncharts (t) and typicalfotovoltaicgeneration (t) revisedacc.to actual weather
TDDTDD
Prediction of power consumption (t : t + TP )
„DD“ fotovoltaic
„DD“ fotovoltaic
measured input and voltage at the places ofconsumption control (t)
Controlled consumptionControlled
consumption
instructions for hot waterheater control (t)
OptimiserOptimiser
output balanceDTS (t)
TDDTDD
daily consumption chart (t : t + TP)
Prediction ofuncontrolled generation
(fotovoltaic) & consumption
Prediction ofuncontrolled generation
(fotovoltaic) & consumption
Prediction of power generation fotovoltaic (t : t + TP )
Load Flow grid
simulation
Load Flow grid
simulation
TP – predicative horizon of calculation = 12 hrs
Meteo-data
Meteo-data
Pilot project Horušany
Horušany (region Plzeň) Small municipality
connected to DS by one supply TS (250kVA)
installed fotovoltaic power sources 120 kWp
problems of compliance with voltage limits
“export balance” of the municipality
Project BIOZE
Simulated control results
Performed while supposing optional control of all hot-water heaters in the area (40 households)
Performed in the period April - May 2011 (available measurement data of power output flow at DTS)
Consumption of hot water in households simulated according to respective data from the project IEA ECBS – measurement data on hot water consumption have not been available
Simulation in accordance with measured balance at DTS
Project BIOZE
Simulated control results Three scenarios have been simulated to demonstrate the impact of
information on the hot-water heater status (quantity of hot water): Scenario No.1:
Hot-water heaters have no hot water quantity detection Hot water volume must not be lower than 45% of the total capacity It was necessary to heat water at 100% capacity at least once a day (to
synchronise the estimation of status and the real status of respective hot-water heater)
Scenario No.2: Each hot-water heater has been equipped with a sensor sending a signal when
the quantity of hot water decreases below 25% of its capacity Hot water volume must not be lower than 20% of the total capacity
Scenario No.3: Each hot-water heater has been equipped with a sensor sending a signal when
the quantity of hot water decreases below 25% or increases above 75% of the total capacity
Hot water volume must not be lower than 20 % of the total capacity
Project BIOZE
Simulated control - results
Scenario No. 1 2 3
Reduction of power export [%]
42.4 46.9 51.1
Reduction of power import [%]
26.5 25.3 24.9
Reduction of min-max output range [%]
34.7 36.4 38
Reduction of power transferred [%](in 4 days) [MWh]
24.1 26.5 26.7
1.13 1.25 1.26
Project BIOZE
Simulated control – 24hr detailing, scenario 1
Project BIOZE
0 5 10 15 20
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t [h]
kWh
Spotreba bojlery
SpotrebaFVE vyroba
Bilance
0 5 10 15 20
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t [h]
kWh
Spotreba bojlery
SpotrebaFVE vyroba
Bilance
EMAX = 65 kWh (maximum import)
EMIN = -84 kWh (maximum export)
E+ = 608 kWh (total consumption) E- = -503 kWh (total generation)
EMAX = 58 kWh
EMIN = -56 kWh
E+ = 496 kWh E- = -418 kWh
Blue field= hot-water heater pwr consumption
Green field = other power consumption
Red line = fotovoltaic power generation
Black line = power balance
Consumption control results – from real operation
00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00
-100
-50
0
50
Time
Out
puts
[kW
]Output at transformer station
with heater control
without heater control
6 hot-water heaters available for control ~ 13 kW
Project BIOZE
Consumption control results – from real operation
20:00 20:30 21:00 21:30 22:0030
40
50
60
70
Čas
Výk
on [k
W]
07:30 08:00 08:30 09:000
5
10
15
20
25
Čas
Výko
n [k
W]
Detail of consumption control impact on output balance of DTS Switching-on 13 kW for 15 minutes
Project BIOZE
Summary
Created algorithm can suppress the export of power from respective area down to one half
Presented solution offers better exploitation of transmission capacity of DS
Power supply quality has been improved (voltage stabilisation)
Possible savings of investments in grid reinforcement
Project BIOZE
Further development
Implementation of the Optimiser as an embedded system (on ARM architecture)
Development of algorithms for the estimation of hot water consumption from the hot-water heater power input
Extension of the pilot project by adding the hot water consumption metering (hot-water heater operation control should be then better)
Extrapolation of the control scheme for power control at HV level Optimisation of HV area operation to generate required
power output values for the control at LV level Decentralised cooperation among more LV areas
Project BIOZE