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GRADE 11 - TESTS FOR FINAL EXAM [2014 2015] TEST 01

Parts of a Paragraph1. Topic Sentence

2. Supporting Details

3. Closing Sentence

How to Write a Paragraph1. Prewriting Paragraphs

2. Writing Paragraphs

3. Editing Paragraphs

4. Publishing Paragraphs

Kinds of Paragraphs1. Definition5. Sequence

2. Classification6. Choice

3. Description7. Explanation

4. Compare and Contrast8. Evaluation

PART 1: Parts of a Paragraph

1. Topic Sentence

What is the topic sentence?The topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph.

What does it do?It introduces the main idea of the paragraph.

How do I write one?Summarize the main idea of your paragraph. Indicate to the reader what your paragraph will be about.

Example:

There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world.First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

2. Supporting Details

What are supporting sentences?They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph.

What do they do?They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph.

How do I write them?You should give supporting facts, details, and examples.

Example:There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world.First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live.As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

3. Closing Sentence

What is the closing sentence?The closing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph.

What does it do?It restates the main idea of your paragraph.

How do I write one?Restate the main idea of the paragraph using different words.

Example:There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live.As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

PART 2: How to Write a Paragraph

1. Prewriting Paragraphs

What is the prewriting stage?The prewriting stage is when you think carefully and organize your ideas for your paragraph before you begin writing.

Six Prewriting Steps:1. Think carefully about what you are going to write.Ask yourself: What question am I going to answer in this paragraph or essay? How can I best answer this question? What is the most important part of my answer? How can I make an introductory sentence (or thesis statement) from the most important part of my answer? What facts or ideas can I use to support my introductory sentence? How can I make this paragraph or essay interesting? Do I need more facts on this topic? Where can I find more facts on this topic?

2. Open your notebook.Write out your answers to the above questions. You do not need to spend a lot of time doing this; just write enough to help you remember why and how you are going to write your paragraph or essay.

3. Collect facts related to your paragraph or essay topic.Look for and write down facts that will help you to answer your question. Timesaving hint: make sure the facts you are writing are related to the exact question you are going to answer in your paragraph or essay.

4. Write down your own ideas.Ask yourself: What else do I want to say about this topic? Why should people be interested in this topic? Why is this topic important?

5. Find the main idea of your paragraph or essay.Choose the most important point you are going to present. If you cannot decide which point is the most important, just choose one point and stick to it throughout your paragraph or essay.

6. Organize your facts and ideas in a way that develops your main idea.Once you have chosen the most important point of your paragraph or essay, you must find the best way to tell your reader about it. Look at the facts you have written. Look at your own ideas on the topic. Decide which facts and ideas will best support the main idea of your paragraph. Once you have chosen the facts and ideas you plan to use, ask yourself which order to put them in the paragraph. Write down your own note set that you can use to guide yourself as you write your paragraph or essay.

2. Writing Paragraphs

What is the writing stage?The writing stage is when you turn your ideas into sentences.

Five Writing Steps:1. Open your notebook and word processor.2. Write the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and closing sentence.3. Write clear and simple sentences to express your meaning.4. Focus on the main idea of your paragraph.5. Use the dictionary to help you find additional words to express your ideas.

3. Editing Paragraphs

What is the editing stage?The editing stage is when you check your paragraph for mistakes and correct them.

Grammar and Spelling1. Check your spelling.2. Check your grammar.3. Read your essay again.4. Make sure each sentence has a subject.5. See if your subjects and verbs agree with each other.6. Check the verb tenses of each sentence.7. Make sure that each sentence makes sense.

Style and Organization1. Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence.2. Make sure your supporting sentences focus on the main idea.3. Make sure you have a closing sentence.4. Check that all your sentences focus on the main idea.5. See if your paragraph is interesting.

4. Publishing Paragraphs

What is the publishing stage?The publishing stage is when you produce a final copy of your paragraph to hand in.

Three Publishing Steps:1. Make a paper copy of your paragraph.2. Show your work to your teacher, tutor, or parents.3. Ask them for hints on how to improve your writing.

PART 3: Kinds of Paragraphs

1. Definition Paragraph

When writing a definition paragraph, you take a thing or an idea and explain what it is.

Example: Write a paragraph giving the definition of a pest.

The following words can help you to write a good definition paragraph:1. "is defined as"Example: A pest is defined as any animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.

2. "is a kind of"Example: A pest is a kind of animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.

2. Classification Paragraph

When writing a classification paragraph, you group things or ideas into specific categories.

Example: Write a paragraph discussing two types of energy resources.

The following words can help you to write a good classification paragraph: is a kind ofCoalis a kind ofnon-renewable resource.

can be divided intoEnergy resourcescan be divided intotwo types.

is a type ofCoalis a type ofnon-renewable resource.

falls underCoalfalls underthe category of non-renewable resources.

belongs toCoalbelongs tothe category of non-renewable resources.

is a part ofCoalis a part ofthe category of non-renewable resources.

fits intoCoalfits intothe category of non-renewable resources.

is grouped withCoalis grouped withnon-renewable resources.

is related toCoalis related toother non-renewable resources.

is associated withCoalis associated withother non-renewable resources.

3. Description Paragraph

In a description paragraph, you are writing about what a person, place, or thing is like. Sometimes, you may describe where a place is located.

ExamplesWrite a paragraph describing what a polar bear looks like.

Describe where Canada's industry is located.

The following words can help you to write a good description paragraph:PropertiesMeasurementAnalogyLocation

sizelengthis likein

colourwidthresemblesabove

shapemass/weightbelow

purposespeedbeside

near

north/east/south/west

PropertiessizeExample: Polar bears are big insize.

colourExample: Polar bears are usually white incolour.

shapeExample: Polar bears have a specialshape.

purposeExample: Thepurposeof the polar bear's fur is to keep it warm.

MeasurementlengthExample: Thelengthof a polar bear's claws is 20 cm.

widthExample: Thewidthof a polar bear's head is about 50 cm.

mass / weightExample: Polar bearsweighup to 650 kg.

speedExample: Polar bears can swim at aspeedof 40 km per hour.

Analogyis likeExample: A polar bearis likeother bears in shape.

resemblesExample: A polar bearresemblesother bears in shape.

LocationinExample: Most of Canada's manufacturing is locatedinOntario and Quebec.

aboveExample: The ceiling isaboveus.

belowExample: Most of Ontario isbelowHudson Bay.

besideExample: Quebec is locatedbesideOntario.

nearExample: Many companies are locatednearToronto.

north / east / south / westExample: Ontario iswestof Quebec.

4. Compare and Contrast Paragraph

In a compare and contrast paragraph, you write about the similarities and differences between two or more people, places, things, or ideas.

Example:Write a paragraph comparing the weather in Vancouver and Halifax.

The following words can help you to write a good compare and contrast paragraph:

SimilaritiesDifferences

is similar tothe other hand

bothhowever

alsobut

tooin contrast

as welldiffers from

while

unlike

Similaritiesis similar toExample: Spring weather in Vancouveris similar tospring weather in Halifax.

bothExample: BothVancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring.

alsoExample: Halifaxalsohas a rainy spring season.

tooExample: Halifax has a rainy spring season,too.

as wellExample: As well, Halifax has rainy spring season.

Differenceson the other handExample: On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax.

howeverExample: However, winter is much colder in Halifax.

butExample: Vancouver has a mild winter,butHalifax has a cold one.

in contrast toExample: In contrast toVancouver, Halifax has a cold winter.

differs fromExample: Halifaxdiffers fromVancouver by having a cold winter.

whileExample: WhileVancouver has a mild winter, Halifax has a cold winter.

5. Sequence Paragraph

In a sequencing paragraph, you are writing to describe a series of events or a process in some sort of order. Usually, this order is based on time.

Example: Write a paragraph outlining how a person becomes the prime minister.

The following words can help you to write a good sequence paragraph.OrderTime

first, second, third, etc.recently

in the beginningpreviously

beforeafterwards

thenwhen

afterafter

finally

at last

subsequently

Orderfirst, second, third, etc.Example: First, you need to become a leader of a political party.Second, you need to win a seat in the House of Commons.Third, your party must have a majority of seats.

in the beginningExample: In the beginning, you need to become a leader of a political party.

beforeExample: Beforebecoming the prime minister, you need to become the leader of a political party.

thenExample: Then, you must win a seat in the House of Commons.

afterExample: Afterwinning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats.

finallyExample: Finally, after all these steps, you can call yourself the prime minister.

at lastExample: At last, you can call yourself the prime minister.

subsequentlyExample: Subsequently, you must make sure you have a majority of seats in the House of Commons.

TimerecentlyExample: She wasrecentlyelected prime minister.

previouslyExample: She is the new prime minister.Previously, she worked as a lawyer in Toronto.

afterwardsExample: She won the party leadership last year.Afterwards, she won the election.

whenExample: Whenshe won the party leadership, she was still working as a lawyer.after

Example: Afterwinning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats.

6. Choice Paragraph

In a paragraph where you have to make a choice, you need to choose which object, idea, or action that you prefer. Often, you will need to give your opinion on a choice of actions or events.

Example: Write a paragraph stating whether you would prefer to play hockey or lacrosse.

The following words can help you to write a good choice paragraph:

Point of ViewPersonal Opinion

in my opinionlike/dislike

beliefhope

ideafeel

understanding

I think that

I consider

I believe

it seems to me

I prefer

Point of Viewin my opinionExample: In my opinion, hockey is more fun than lacrosse.

beliefExample: Mybeliefis that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.

ideaExample: Myideais that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.

understandingExample: Myunderstandingis that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.

I think thatExample: I think thatI would prefer to play hockey and not lacrosse.

I considerExample: I considerhockey to be more exciting than lacrosse.

I believeExample: I believehockey is more exciting than lacrosse.

it seems to meExample:It seems to methat hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.

I preferExample:I preferhockey over lacrosse.

Personal Opinionslike/dislikeExample: Ilikethe sport of hockey because it is fast and exciting.

hopeExample: Ihopethat I can play hockey in the future.

feelExample: Ifeelthat hockey is my favorite sport.

7. Explanation Paragraph

In an explanation paragraph, you need to explain how or why something happens. Very often in social studies class, you will be asked to explore causes and effects of certain events.

Example: Write a paragraph explaining why so many Europeans moved to Canada during the nineteenth century.

The following words can help you to write a good explanation paragraph:CauseEffect

becausetherefore

sincethus

as a result ofconsequently

is due tohence

it follows that

if . . . then

Cause

because

Example: People moved to Canada from Europe during the nineteenth century because they had poor living conditions in Europe.

sinceExample: Sinceliving conditions in Europe were terrible, many people moved to Canada.

as a result ofExample: People moved to Canada from Europeas a result ofpoor living conditions in Europe.

is due to / was due toExample: The large influx of people to Canadawas due toeconomic pressures in Europe.

EffectthereforeExample: Living conditions in Europe were terrible.Therefore, many people moved to Canada for a better life.

thusExample: Living conditions in Europe were terrible.Thus, many people moved to Canada for a better life.

consequentlyExample: Living conditions were terrible in Europe.Consequently, many people moved to Canada.

henceExample: Living conditions were terrible in Europe.Hence, many people moved to Canada.

it follows thatExample: Living conditions were terrible in Europe.It follows thatmany people moved to Canada.

if ... thenExample: Ifliving conditions were better in Europe,thenfewer people would have moved to Canada.

8. Evaluation Paragraph

In an evaluation paragraph, you make judgments about people, ideas, and possible actions. You need to make your evaluation based on certain criteria that you develop. In the paragraph, you will state your evaluation or recommendation and then support it by referring to your criteria.

Example: Write a paragraph evaluating whether pesticides should be used on farms.

The following words can help you to write a good evaluation paragraph:Criteria for EvaluationRecommendation

good / badsuggest

correct / incorrectrecommend

moral / immoraladvise

right / wrongargue

important / trivial

Criteriagood / badExample: The use of pesticides such as DDT isbadfor the environment.

correct / incorrectExample: The belief that pesticides must be used isincorrect.

moral / immoralExample: The use of pesticides to control pests isimmoralbecause it harms the environment.

right / wrongExample: It iswrongto use pesticides because they harm the environment.

important / trivialExample: The issue of pesticides is animportantone because it affects the environment.

RecommendationsuggestExample: Isuggestthat pesticides should not be used to control pests.

recommendExample: Irecommendthat pesticides should not be used because they are harmful to the environment.

adviseExample: I wouldadvisefarmers not to use pesticides if possible.

argueExample: I wouldarguethat pesticides should not be used because they harm the environment.

Writing a paragraph

Mt on vn l mt lot cu pht trin, ng h, chng minh mt no , v ny thng l cu ch (topic sentence) ca on vn. Cc cu cn li (supporting sentences) pht trin, gii thch, minh ha cho cu ch . Cu kt lun (concluding sentence) ca on vn l cu khng nh li cu ch im, tm tt li cc chnh ca on vn.

1. Topic sentence

Introduces the topic in the paragraph

Is the most general sentence in the paragraph

Contains controlling ideas that the following sentences in the paragraph will explain/ define/ clarify/ illustrate

* A controlling idea is a word or phrase that the reader can ask questions about: How? Why? In what ways? What does that mean?Ex: The conical leaf hat is one of the typical features of the Vietnamese culture.

Topic: conical leaf hat

Controlling ideas: What is it? (typical feature of the Vietnamese culture), In what way is it typical?

2. Supporting sentences

develop the topic sentence by giving:

reasons

examples

facts

statistics

quotations

3. Concluding sentence

Signals the end of the paragraph

Summarizes the main points of the paragraph/ restates the topic sentence without copying exactly

Gives a final comment on the topic

Vy trc khi vit mt on vn, HS hy theo cc bc sau:

Lit k tt c nhng c th ngh ra c c lin quan n ch .

c ch cho sn, ri chn vit mt cu ch . Gch chn cu ch ny nhc cc em v trng tm ca on vn.

Vit ra cc gii thch v lm r cu ch .

Vi mi ln, hy vit ra cc v d, s liudng minh ha.

Ngh cch kt thc on vn v vit n ra.

Sau khi lm dn nh trn, hy bt u vit v bm st dn vch ra.

on vn c th lin kt vi nhau v thng nht trong mt mch chy ca bi vit, HS phi bit cch s dng cc t ni cu cho hp l. Sau y l bng cc t/ cm t ni.

Useful expressions

Sequencing/ ListingFirst of all, First(ly), Initially, To begin with; Second(ly); Third(ly); Next; Then; After that (this); Following this (that); Finally; The first reason is/ The second is; Last but not least

Adding to what you have saidAlso, Furthermore, In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Besides, As well as, Similarly, not onlybut also, even beside this/ that

ContrastingIn contrast to this, On the contrary, In contrast, Conversely, On the other hand, While, Whereas, However, Despite/ In spite of, Although, Even though, Otherwise, Nonetheless

Expressing similaritySimilarly; Likewise, In the same way

Showing resultsAs a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Hence, Thus, Therefore, So

Giving examplesFor example, For instance, In particular, Particularly, That is to say, Namely, Such as

Restating In other words, That is to say, To put it simply

Inferring In other words, In that case, or else, Otherwise

Summarizing In summary, To sum up, To conclude, To recapitulate, In conclusion, In short, In brief, In a nutshell, Lastly, Finally

Writing an essay

Mt bi lun l mt bi vit di hn v thng gm nhiu on v mi on vn thng theo cu trc on vn trnh by trn. Tuy nhin, cch vit on m u (introductory paragraph) v on kt (concluding paragraph) c th nh sau:

1. The introductory paragraph

The attention getter

- a sentence that gets the reader interested

The main idea

- the topic or thesis of the essay

The guide/ thesis statement (the last sentence of the introductory paragraph)

- a list of the points that will be discussed, thus showing the organization of the composition

Ex: There are many things that symbolize the Vietnamese culture. Among these is the conical leaf hat, a symbol of traditional Vietnamese girls. The hat is very special because of its physical features and its use.

- Attention getter: There are many things that symbolize the Vietnamese culture.

- Topic/ thesis: Among these is the conical leaf hat, a symbol of traditional Vietnamese girls.

- The guide/ thesis statement: The hat is very special because of its physical features and its use.

2. Body

Cc on tip theo sau on m u s pht trin tng ng cc c cp trong cu ch ca bi lun, v cch vit tun th theo cch vit on vn c cp trn. V d, i vi phn m bi trn, phn thn bi s c 2 on: Paragraph 1: physical features & Paragraph 2: its use

3. The concluding paragraph

L on cui ca bi lun. Thng c 3 cch vit on kt.

A summary repeats the main points of the essay.

A prediction discusses what will happen in the future.

An evaluation compares the main points and states what is best.

Tm li:

Structure of the Paragraph and the Essay

Main idea (topic sentence or thesis)

Support for the main idea (a number of supporting details in a paragraph or a number of paragraphs in an essay)

Conclusion (summary of the main points of support for the main idea)

The writing process for the Paragraph and the Essay

First steps

understanding the assignment

narrowing the topic

determining the writing context

formulating a main idea

Generating ideas

stating the main idea

brainstorming

freewriting

listing

clustering

diving

Organizing ideas

Drafting

Revising

Editing

Writing an argumentative essayTh loi vit tranh lun thng gp i vi cc vn c 2 mt, v d nh cc u v nhc ca my tnh/ Internet bi thng yu cu cho bit quan im v vn no ; ng h hay chng i; hon ton ng hay bt ng.

Th loi vit tranh lun cng theo cu trc c bn ca mt bi lun, t on m u, cc on thn bi, cng nh kt lun. Tuy nhin, vit mt bi tranh lun thng yu cu mt k nng vit ring; l ngn ng s dng tranh lun, chng minh hay bin gii cho quan im a ra. Sau y l mt s ngn ng hu dng cn khi vit th loi ny.

1.Introducing arguments

First of all,

On the other hand,

It is worth remembering that

Another advantage is

In addition to this

Another point is that

What is more,..

Some people believe that

To begin with

2.Contrasting a previous statement or justifying an opinion

a.Common expressions

On the other hand,

In spite of this,

It is worth pointing out, however,

In contrast,

There again,

Others feel that

Nevertheless/ However? Nonetheless

That may be true, but

In my opinion, it is true to say

Personally, I believe/ I do not believe that

Having said that, it is important to remember that

At the same time, I feel that

Although some people feel

Perhaps the most important point, however, is

Another important consideration is that

One of the main arguments against is

Several objections tomay be raised.

All things considered/ On balance, it is fair to say that

It is inevitable/ undeniable that

While I appreciate the importance of, I still think that

Most people would argue that

On the whole/ Overall,

Many people would disagree with the assertion/ idea that

The fact that does not mean

It may be true thatbut

However, it is doubtful/ I doubt whether

b.Use double negative to give emphasis to an unexpected

While it is not unusual/ uncommon/ impossible for sb/ sth to do sth, it is quite usual/ common/ possible that

While it is not inconceivable that, there is slight possibility that

c.Summarizing

Nn tm tt cc chnh va tho lun gii thiu phn tranh lun tip theo, nhm cho ngi c bit mnh ang tranh lun theo hng no. C th dng cc ngn ng sau:

Having looked at/ discussed a number of problems/ benefits, we should now consider

Given the problems/ factors which have been outlined, we can now turn to the question of/ we need to ask/ we have to examine the case.

3.Concluding

In conclusion,

In summary,

To conclude/ To sum up/ To summarize,

In short,

In the last analysis,

On balance, I would say that

Describing a film/ a book/ a placeIV. Describing a film/ book

1.What to write

Khi m t mt b phim/ cun sch, HS nn a vo cc phn sau:

Title and author

Type of book/ film

Characters

Events in the film/ book

Your opinion of the film/ book

Personal recommendation

2.How to write

a.Vit tiu Tiu phim/ sch thng c gch di hoc in nghing. T quan trng thng c vit hoa, trong khi cc t chc nng nh and, in, a thng c vit thng tr phi chng l t u tin ca tiu .

Ex: Dona Flor and Her Two Husbandsb.Dng tnh t lm cho bi m t phim/ sch hp dn

Type of book/ film: a detective story/ film; a romantic novel; a love story film; an adventure story; a science fiction novel; a historical novel; a humorous story; a thriller

Adjectives to describe film/ book: funny; hilarious; horrifying = frightening; interesting; gripping; exciting; fascinating; entertaining; brilliant; realistic; sad; tragic; imaginative; touching = moving; action-packed; well-written; well-directed; well/beautifully-filmed; wonderfully-acted

Adjectives to describe author/ director: great; skilled; observant; gifted = talented; perceptive; entertaining

c.Cu trc

M t: Its called; Its by; It was (written/ directed/ produced/ published/ designed) by/ in; Its by the same (writer/ director) as; Its his/ her first/ second (book/ film); Its about/ tells the story of; It stars; Its set in; Its based on; Its adapted from; It lasts abouthour(s); The story is very simple/ complicated.

By t kin c nhn: The (acting/ story/ graphics) is/ are brilliant/ terrible.; The best/ worst thing(s) about it is/ are; ..is really boring/ annoying/ exciting.; Another thing I really liked/ hated was; One weak point was; Its well worth seeing.; Id recommend it to anyone who likes; I wouldnt recommend it to anyone..

Th V: dng simple present m t phim/ sch d l k li cc s kin xy ra trong qu kh.

Dng ng ng v:

Ex: Titanic, a tragic love story film, is about a couple on a sinking ship.

V. Describing a place

1. Outline

What it is

Location

Size

Population

Area

Main attractions

Your feeling (s)/ opinion(s)

2. Useful language

What: It is a small/ big village/ town/ city.; It is in area.; Its total area is ; It has a population of

How: cosmopolitan; crowded; densely-populated; sparsely-populated; exciting; romantic; charming; historical; industrial; noisy; ugly; modern; old-fashioned; ancient; peaceful; polluted; popular with tourists

Where: It is located/ situated in the west/ southern/ centre of; It is near the border with; It is on the river X.; It is famous for; It is about/ approximately km from

Main attractions: an industrial area; beautiful scenery nearby; an underground system or trams; sandy beaches; docks or a habour; spectacular views; shopping malls or street markets; a carnival/ festival or other events

VI. Writing an announcement about a sports event

Writing an announcement c bn l vit mt bn tin thng bo mt s kin no . V th, ngn ng thng bo thng ngn gn, r rng v d hiu. Thng thng thu ht s ch ca ngi c, cc ni dung chnh thng c in m, gch di, hoc vit in hoa.

Tips

Keep it short, inviting and to the point.

Making the information in the announcement clear and complete.

Be straightforward and concise so the reader can get the information quickly and be able to refer to it easily.

Ngoi ra, cc ch vit tt i lc cng s dng, mo t, gii t cng c b i.

HO CHI MINH COMMUNIST YOUTH UNION

In celebration of the International Workers Day

Friendly Football Match

Cantho Youth Union vs. Local Sports Club

4 p.m. Sunday, March 26, 201

School Stadium

*************

All teachers and students are invited.

Nguyen Van A

Head of the Union

V ni dung, mt thng bo v mt s kin th thao thng bao gm cc thng tin sau:

Who that announcer is.

What the event is.

The purpose of the event

When and where the event will take place.

Who can come.

V d v mt on vn vit bng ting Anh:Yourschool organizes a competition for students to write about The world in which I would like to live in the year 2020.

Below is an essay by one of the studens.

My ideal world would be a peaceful one. There are no wars or conflicts between nations. People won't have to live under the threat of terrorism but all live together in harmony. Everyone has a job to do, and there is a good healthy standard of living for all. I would also wish to live in a clean healthy environment with less noise and less pollution. There are more and larger parks where children can play and wildlife can be protected. But my main desire is to see people less materialistic, less selfish, less violent and more loving than they are now. (Trang 89 - 90 SGK Ting Anh 12)

Bn dch ting Vit:

Th gii l tng ca ti l mt th gii ha bnh. (Th gii ) Khng c chin tranh hoc mu thun gia cc quc gia. Ngi dn s khng phi sng di ni s khng b m tt c mi ngi cng chung sng ha thun. Ai cng c cng n vic lm v mi ngi u c mc sng tt p. Ti cng mun sng trong mt mi trng trong sch, lnh mnh c it ting n v it b nhim. Nhng kht vng ca ti l c nhn thy mi ngi bt tn sng vt cht, bt ch k, bt bo lc v thng yu nhau nhiu hn.)Trong on vn trn, cu u tin (My ideal world would be a peaceful one.) l cu ch , trong topic l My ideal world v controlling idea l a peaceful one (hiu l a peaceful world)

Cc cu vn cn li l supporting sentences.

Tc gi sp xp supporting sentences theo trt tt chi tit t quan trng nht n quan trng nht

thi bn c th gp: Write about the ideal world in which you would like to live in the year 2020. (Trang 90 SGK Ting Anh 12)

Nh vy, nu trong k thi TN THPT 2014, bi yu cu vit mt on vn, cc em cn bnh tnh thc hin cc bc sau:1/ Vit cu ch . (cn trit li dng bi vit thnh cu ch .)

2/ Kim tra li cu ch bit chc trong cu ch c topic v controlling idea.

3/ Tm chng minh/din gii chnh bng cch t cc cu hi m u bng t nghi vn. Lu : do di ca on vn b khng ch nn cc em ch cn t khong 5 cu hi l c. Nh rng cc cu hi phi lin quan n cu ch .

4/ Rp cc cu tr li cho cc cu hi (supporting sentences)li thnh mt on vn hon chnh. Cn nh mu cht bc ny l phi bit chc mnh ang s dng trt t no rp ni supporting sentences.

5/ Cn nhc c nn vit cu kthay khng. Nu khng chc chn th b qua bc ny.

6/ Kim tra li cc li chnh t, li ng php c th c trong tng cu vit ca bn. Lu : cng nh phn vit th, cc em ch nn dng nhng loi cu n gin nh cu n, cu kp, cu phc. Ni chung, t ng, cch din t cng r rng, cng n gin cng tt.

PRACTICE EXERCISESTopic 1: writing a letter of job application

Topic 2: Writing TOPIC 2 A MAGAZINE ARTICLE

Topic 3: DESCRIBING PLACES OF INTEREST

TOPIC 4 A REVIEW OF A FILM

TOPIC 5 AN ESSAY ON A GLOBE ISSUE

TOPIC 6 A STORY DESCRIBING A CRIME

TOPIC 7 A BOOK REVIEW

TOPIC 8 A NARRATIVE TELLING THE STORY OF AN EVENT

TOPIC 9 PRESENTING OPINION FOR OR AGAINST STATEMENT

TOPIC 10 DISCUSSING A THEORETICAL ISSUE

MORE EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Imagine you are an American student volunteer, who stayed in Mrs. Mais house during your one-month volunteer campaign in a remote villagw. Now you have just returned home. Write a letter to thank her for her special help and care to you and your friends during the time you stayed there.OUTLINEYOUR WRITING

1. Paragraph 1September 12th, 2015

- reason to writeNew York

- say you really appreciatedDear Mrs. Mai,

1. Paragraph 2

Exercise 2: Some people think that family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.OUTLINEYOUR WRITING

Exercise 3: Write a description of the popular celebrations in Vietnam [e.g. Mid-autumn festival, National Independence Day, Tet Holiday]. Your description should include the following main points Name of the festival

Time of the festival

purpose of the festival

main activities of the festival

your fellings about the festival {whether you like it or not and the reasons}

OUTLINEYOUR WRITING

Exercise 4: describing your prparation for Tet holidayIn 130-150 words, write a paragraph on what you like and dont like about out Tet holidays. Your writing hsould include the activities people often do before and during Tet, the food and the weather at Tet. You may use the cues below.Before Tet: clean and decorate the house/buy peach flowers, kumquat trees/ buy things {sweets, candies, .}

During Tet: cook traditional foods/ go to pagoda or church/ visit relatives and friends/ ..Typical foods: banh chung/ fruit jams/

The weather: cold and wet/ cool and windy/ sunnyOUTLINEYOUR WRITING

Exercise 5: an essay

Write a paragraph of 120-150 words about the measures to protect the environment, using the cues below:OUTLINEYOUR WRITING

Introduction: we/ try to find sollutions/ environment pollutionWe are trying to find sollutions to the

environment pollution. There are a number of

Solutions but I think people should

Body:

- people/ stopcutting trees for timbers/ instead, they/ plant more trees and forests./

- people/ reduce using cars, motorbike/ that cause noise and air pollution./

- we / prevent farmers/ use fertilizers and pesticides/ that damage soil./

- people/ not to leave/ litter on land and in water./

- we/ prohibit factories/ dump industrial waster/ rivers and lakes./

Conclusion:

- it/ be/ high time/ government/ have suitable measures/ that require companies, individuals/ stop cutting down/ polluting activities.

Exercise 7:

Imagine Vietnam is going to host the coming Asian Games. Write a paragraph of 130-150 words to desvribe the preparations for the games, using the cues below.OUTLINEYOUR WRITING

Build: more national stadium, some sportd buildings and cars parks To prepare for the coming Asian Games, we have a lot of things to do.

First of all, we will

Build: National Sports Centres and local stadiums (old are not in good condition)

Widen: training ares and roads to sports buildings

Equip: hotels, guess houses, with modern facilities [also special services for disabled athletes]

Promote and advertise: preparations for the Asian Games on TV and radio

Recruit: voluteers to serve the Games [university teachers and students with good English]

Hold: competition to choose an official song

Exercise 8: Write a paragraph of 130-150 words about your collection, real or imaginary. These guidelines may help you.OUTLINEYOUR WRITING

Name of collectiom

How to collect them

How to keep them

When to start it

How to clasify them

Why to collect

Your plan for the future

.

Exercise 9:

Fifty years from now life will be much easier and healthier for ordinary people than it is today.

Do you agree or dis agree with the statement. Give the reasons.

OUTLINEYOUR WRITING

Exercise 10: Write a paragraph of 130-150 words about your classs camping holiday, real or imaginary, using the information below.OUTLINEYOUR WRITING

- the bus leaving the school at 5 a.m.

- putting up the unberella tents

- watching wildlife in the forest

- swimming in the lake

- going fishing and hiking

- cooking food over an open fire

- singing and dancing around the campfire

- playing games

- leaving the campsite at 4 p.m. the next day

- felling relax and active

* useful words: campgrounds/ wildeness/ waterfalls/ dirt bike/ trash/ gaint trees/ depressed/ solitude/

* be atracted to the beauty of nature/ like the solitude of the wildeness/ enjoy spectacular scenery/ have a lot of outdoor activities/ get close to nature/ become more active/ sleep in a tent/ the weather was bad/ .

Exercise 11: Below are some notes made by a visitor to the Ponagar Cham Tower in Nha Trang. Use his/her notes to write a report of 130-150 words on the visit.

Your outline hereYour writing here

1. Brief information:

- Brief tour to Ponagar Cham Tower in Nha Trang

- example of Cham architecture in central Vietnam

2. Details

- consists of 4 towers

- located on Cu Lao Marble Hill, 2 km north Nha trang

- built between 8th and 13th centuries

- each tower delicated to a different god

- largest tower 22.5m high, built in honour of Lady Thien Y, contain sandstone statue, sit on Buddhas throne

Statue 2.6m high, with 10 hands, hold objects, illustrate the buddhas power

3. Summary of the visit

- last 5 hours

- tiring but enjoyable, memorable

Exercise 12: What rules do you have in your family. Write a paragraph of 180-200 words about your family rules. You can use the cues below.LET/ ALLOW/ BE ALLOWED/ HAVE TO/ PERMIT

Doing some household chores

Coming home late

Preparing meals

Watching TV

Talking on the phone

Using the family motorbike

Going out with friends

.Example hereYour writing here

Every family has its own rules. Mine has a few. First, I have to prepare meals because my mother is very busy with her work. Next, I am permitted to watch TV after I have finished my homework. My mother also lets me talk on the phone with friends provided that I dont use it too long. As a girl, I am not permitted to come home late except for some special reasons. My parents dont allow me to use the family motorbike for fear that I may have accident. Despite the severe rules, we all feel comfortable and safe because we know that our parents want the best things for us.Every family has its own rules and of course mine has a few. It was the rules that make our

Exercise 13: 1. Paragraph 1

Your writing here

2. Paragraph 2

Your writing here

3. Paragraph 3

Your writing here

Exercise 14:

Your writing here

Exercise 15: 1. Example

2. Writing task.

Example:

My ideal world will be an interesting one. People wont use money or credit cards anymore. Special machines will read our fingerprints and we will pay for thing that way. We will not have to type on computers.

Instead, we will say the words and the computer will type them. Cars will drive themselves. We will just tell the cars where to go. So kids at my age will be able to drive. We will have a pet robot dog. I will not have to feed it, and I will not have to walk it. The dog will only need batteries.

People will live longer, and they will be active longer. People will not get sick any more. There will be many more treatments to cure sickness.

Your outline hereYour writing here

- World peace:

( He/She would like to live in a peaceful world.

( There will be no wars, no conflicts.

( People wont have to live under the threat of terrorision.

( People all over the world live in harmony.

- Employment:

( Every one will have jobs.

- Environment:

( There will be clean and healthy environment.

( There will be less noise, less pollution, larger parks and wildlife will be well protected.

- People:

( People will be less materialistic, selfish, violent and more loving.

Exercise 16: 1. Example ProblemsSolutions

1/ People do not know much about the need to protect rare and endangered animals.

2/ Projects to save endangered animals do not have sufficient funds.

3/ The habitats for endangered animals are being seriously damaged and polluted.

4/ People who live in or near endangered animals habitats have poor living conditions and rely mostly on wildlife products for their livelihood.

5/ Some countries do not have laws to protect endangered animals.

6/ People keep buying fashionable wildlife products.

7/ There are not enough wildlife habitat reserves.a/ Punish severely those who poach for their horns, meat and skin and those who buy and sell wildlife products illegally.

b/ Stop people from hunting endangered animals for food and for commercial purposes.

c/ Ask other non-governmental organizations and individuals to sponsor by advertising them on mass media.

d/ Establish more wildlife habitat reserves.

e/ Ask people not to use these products. Make them feel guilty to use them.

f/ Preserve good habitats for endangered species by banning dumping wastes into the sea, making campfires in the forests or destroying the forests

g/These animals should be kept together in their natural habitat so that they can be productive and saved from extinction.

Answer: 1b 2c 3f 4a 5g 6e 7d2. Writing taskWrite a paragraph of 180-200 words about measures for protecting endangerd animals. Your outline hereYour writing here

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

- There are a number of measures that should be taken to protect endangered animals. First of all,

There should be..

One thing we can do is ..

Moreover

Last but not least, ..

We can see thatThere are a number of measures that should be taken to protect endangerd animals. For me the main mesures are

Exercise 17: Writing a book report.1. Example:

Example:

I would like to introduce you Falling into bed, a funny story. It was written by Phil Healey. Last autumn an Englishman went to the United States to visit some important places. On the last day of his holiday he went to New York to visit the Empire State Building. The weather was cold and it was very windy but he walked up and up ..and up. He arrived at the top and looked down at the street below. Suddenly there was a strong wind and he fell off the building. But when he was only a hundred metres from the street, a big car came round the corner with a bed on top of it . He hit the bed, not the road. Lucky man !

Falling into bed is a strange and interesting story.

2. Writing task:

Write a report of 180-200 words on the book you have read recently. The folowing questions can help you.

Your outline hereYour writing here

S1:general introduction

7. What is the title of the book? Falling into Bed

4. Who is the author? Phil Healey

9. What the type of book is it? A funny story.

S2:Summary of the books content

2. Where is the book set? New York

5. What is the main theme of the book? Urban myths

6. Who are the main characters? Englishman

8. What is the plot of the story?

S3:Conclusion

1.What was your opinion of the book?

3.would you recommend the book?

Exercise 18: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? You shouold never make a decision on your future career alone.Write a composition of about 180-200 words to support your answer.Your outline hereYour writing here

Exercise 19: Write a composition of about 180-200 words on the following topic. The invention of the Internet has had negative effect on our children.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Your outline hereYour writing here

Exercise 20: What are important quanlities of a good student?

Write a composition of about 180-200 words, using specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Your outline hereYour writing here

Exercise 21: Good books are good teachers and friends.Write a composition of about 180-200 words, using specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Your outline hereYour writing here

Exercise 22: In the future students may have the choice of studying at home by using technology such as computers or television, or of studying at traditional schools. Which do you prefer?

Write a composition of about 180-200 words to support your position.Your outline hereYour writing here

Exercise 23: Some people prefer to live in the countryside. Others thinkliving in big cities is better and comfortable. Which place do you prefer to live in?

Write a paragraph of about 180-200 to explain your choice.Your outline hereYour writing here

Exercise 24: Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a group. Others think that it is always better to work in groups. Which do you prefer?

Write a paragraph of about 180-200 words to support your position.Your outline hereYour writing here

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