57

W. J. Hughes, Jean G. Huntley, C. Ibbotson, C. N. Iland, M. P.Jones, I. Leveson, Joan F. Macara, M. G. McColl, J. H. H. MacRae,J. G. Mott, G. V. Osborne, W. H. Patridge, J. A. Pugh, Lettice M.Robertson, W. Rotheram, C. Rowlands, C. C. Slack, Beryl M.Smith, R. A. Smith, R. H. M. Stewart, P. W. G. Sutton, E. E.Vaughan, G. R. Wadsworth, Hilda Walker, Kathleen M. Walters,Mair Williams and E. H. Winterbottom.

Part II.-Katherine E. Ainsworth, R. A. Allen, G. M. Ardran,W. W. Aslett, G. H. Ball, Olive R. Ballance, Aileen Barry, Anita M.Beck, W. H. Berry, A. K. Bingham, A. S. G. Binnie, R. S. Cook,B. Devlin, J. A. Donnellan, C. V. Donnelly, B. Ellenbogen, J. J.Ennitt, B. B. Evans, Elizabeth S. N. Fenton, H. W. Forshaw,G. L. Gamble, N. 0. K. Gibbon, A. J. Goldman, H. R. Gray,J. J. Hargadon, I. J. Harris, S. Horrocks, J. H. Hughes, T. 0.Hughes, M. W. Hutchings, Lillie L. Jackson, Katie H. Jones,Mair E. Jones, N. B. Jones, R. H. Jones, W. J. Jones, Mary Jordan,A. C. Kirby, C. A. Kovachich, C. C. Laird, T. E. Lamb, R. Lees,D. Leslie, T. B. McMurray, M. Makin, K. J. Mann, Y. Mansour,Lucy D. Meyrick, Norah C. Miller, E. L. Moore, J. Moorhouse,J. A. B. Nicholson, J. D. F. Norman, C. N. Partington, D. E.Paterson, H. C. Percy-Hughes, G. H. Pimblett, Joan E. M. Potts,A. G. Rickards, F. S. Rickards, M. Rosenthal, C. N. Samuell,G. D. Scarrow, G. L. Shatwell, J. M. Swithinbank, W. G. Taaffe,W. L. Turner, E. Walker, C. W. Walton, A. S. Whitehead, J. K.Wilson, J. Winter, A. E. S. Wood and F. J. Zacharias.

Part I.-Aileen M. Barry, S. Bradshaw, V. L. Cooper, H. V.Cross, J. G. K. Dean, P. J. Devlin, K. C. Fulton, G. W. Gibbs,Patricia F. M. B. Gould, Joan 0. Grant, T. C. Highton, M. Horwich,R. D. Hotston, F. A. H. Inman, W B. E. Jones, J. Littler, M. L. P.Lyons, R. B. McConnell, Jane C. S. Maclachlan, L. Mandel, A. J.Marsden, R. H. Martin, E. L. Moore, Betty W. Morris, P. D. Moss,J. C. V. Murphy, S. P. C. O’Reagain, G. J. Rees, Hilda M. Reeve,G. C. Roberts, C. D. Rosenwald, D. 1. Rowlands, T. L. Schofield,R. V. Tracy Forster, Amabel M. Turner, D. C. Watson, H. H. Watts,G. A. Wetherell, D. W. Wilson, A. E. S. Wood and Rosalind Zalin.

D.P.H.

Part I.-J. Mills, Margaret Osborne and S. Ullah.Part 77.—J. Mills, G. R. Thorpe, Lucy H. E. Walker and G.

Wynne-Griffith.D.M.B.E.

Part A.-R. J. Keating and T. R. O’Keeffe.PartB.-R. J. Keating, J. C. Kee, W. P. Stevens, S. W. ’Vherrett

and J. White.

University of ManchesterAt recent examinations the following were successful:-

M.D.

H. J. Brennan (with commendation) ; G. B. Carter, BarnettHirsch, Fred. Janus, V. F. Lambert, H. L. Settle and Carl Verity.

M.B., OH.B. : FINAL EXAMINATION

Part II.-Frank Robinson (with second-class honours) ; EvaAbrahamson, Arnold Ashworth, J. H. R. Barker, F. R. Brebner-Smith, J. B. Brownlie, E. F. Burndred, Gerald Caplan, RachelClaiman, Hilary J. Crewe, A. C. C. Davey, Elizabeth J. Davy,Walter Dickson, J. W. Emerson, G. R. Ferguson, J. G. Ferguson,E. S. Frazer, R. J. Gampell, James Gregory, Hilda R. Harris,Harold Hassall, Stanley Haythornthwaite, B. L. Hoffmann, IreneE. Howorth, Oscar Janus, E. W. Jones, Geoffrey Lancaster, J. T. A.Lloyd, J. L. Maclean, Elsie L. Mettam, Christopher Parish, K. C.Prausnitz, T. F. Redman, W. E. Rigby, Margaret H. Roscoe,J. C. Seddon, J. K. Steward, A. L. Tulk, Ena M. Walmsley, ElizabethC. S. Williams, Joyce Worthington.Part I.-E. P. Abson, R. G. Balf, John Ball, J. K. Brown, B. 0.

Dowdell, Jeanne M. Edwards, E. L. Feinmann, J. C. Greenwood,P. G. Griffiths, E. G. Hall, Frances A. Hepburn, S. H. Jackson,R. P. Jepson, J. D. Johnson, Heskel Khazam, N. A. Lewtas, D. C.Little, J. K. McMyn, F. S. Mooney, A. B. Morrison, T. E. Parry,S. S. Rose, Susane M. Seligsohn, G. J. Shanklin, H. G. B. Slack,John Thompson, D. H. M. Titcombe, Vera Waine, F. R. Wilde,Lionel Wise, Basil Wolman and P. B. Wooley.

D.P.H.

Part 77.—Beryl A. Barlow, Hedley Boardman, Claud Conway,Violet Conway, C. D. Cormac, G. N. Kowshik, Norman Levy,Habibur Rahman, Louis Rich and Mary A. Rogerson.

University of Dublin .

On July 3, at the School of Physic, Trinity College, thefollowing degrees were conferred :—

37.7).—Robert Wilson.J.B., B.Ch., B.-4.0.-J. H. Acton, K. T. Acton, R. J. Balfe,

G. H. Blennerhassett, H. K. Bourns, E. G. R. Butler, Margaret L.Campbell, R. W. Carey, J. D. Dennehy, Phoebina Eakins, HenryFitzGibbon, S. 0. 0. Franklin, C. P. Clancy-Gore, D. L. Harbinson,S. F. H. Haughton, D. 0. Hicks, E. P. Hill, William Houston,L. T. Kelly, M. D. Leitch, G. W. E. Little, Lois J. Macaulay, CarolineA. MeEvett, Moira M. Mallagh, E. C. J. Millar, D. W. Montgomery,R. St. C. Mooney, D. S. M. Enraght-Moony, John Moore, JohnNash, W. E. O’C. C. Powell, S. D. Reid, W. F. Rogers, F. G. M. Ross,Louis Solomon, Margaret Sutcliffe, J. M. Taylor, A. E. Tinkler, andIsabel M. Woodhouse.B. Dent. Sc.-S. P. L. Macnarmara.

Rationing of Tea and FatsA tea ration of 2 oz. per head came into force on July 9.

According to the Ministry of Food this represents two-thirdsof the normal consumption, so that it is unlikely to causehardship except possibly in families where there are no

children and tea is drunk at every meal. Cafes and restau-rants will not be affected for the present. Cooking fats andmargarine are to be rationed on July 22. After that dateeach person may obtain 6 oz. of either butter or margarinewith his butter coupon and 2 oz. of either lard or margarinewith his " cooking-fats " coupon. There is no restriction on

dripping or suet.

Parliament

ON THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE

BY MEDICUS, M.P.

WE are due to discuss, but it is anticipated onlyformally, the vote of credit for £1000 million pounds,the cost of the war until the autumn. This is in additionto the 1250 millions already voted this year at previoussessions. I write " we are due " because I am puttingdown these reflections before the House meets onTuesday and programmes of proceedings have a way ofbeing changed now at a moment’s notice. After theformal voting of the largest single vote which has everbeen put before Parliament we go into a secret session todiscuss the economic blockade. But in the lobbies theHouse is discussing the reason and explanations of thefailure of the Weygand plan to close the gap in the Frenchline formed by the German break through betweenMaubeuge and Sedan. It was this break through, asMr. Churchill realised at the time, which was the threatto all the Allied Armies and the failure to close it was theimmediate cause of the collapse of the French Army.The defection of the Belgian Army added tremendouslyto the difficulties, but despite them the B.E.F. made theirhistoric retreat to Dunkirk and saved themselves-alarge French force with them. The French retreating tothe Somme did not save themselves but collapsed, andcarried some British forces with them, although the largerpart of the British forces remained intact because they-the second B.E.F. that is-were never able to get intouch with the enemy although sent out at such veryshort notice by the British Government.But why did the French Army collapse on the Somme ?

The story of the French failure to close the Maginot gapthrows a vivid light on it, but the unvarnished stories ofthe experiences of many -British soldiers, ambulanceworkers and others is adding detail. One all importantaspect of the failure is said to have been infection of theFrench soldier with a pseudo-international pacifism bythe Leon Blum party-" Why should you fight ? " andthe usual stuff about imperialist wars had been put aboutin France for years. But the matter goes deeper thanthat. There were the anti-republican Fascist-sym-pathising Cagoulards of not very long ago. And thesocial difficulties so apparent in Paris in 1938 when theA.R.P. organisation under Monsieur Perrier was afraidto call for the formation of volunteer A.R.P. organisa-tions of wardens, fire-fighters and the rest for fear ofthem being captured as a

" semi-military " organisation,

as it was explained to me by Fascist sympathisers.It was not the dive-bomber which defeated the French,not even the large tanks, but a subtle propaganda putabout among them for years.

it * *

The resistance of the British worker to this type ofpropaganda has been always vigorous and the presencein the Government of Mr. Bevin, exercising drasticpowers with full trade-union approval, and of Mr. HerbertMorrison, chief of the London Labour Party in theGovernment is proof enough of the feeling of the trade-union workers. An interesting commentary on this is thesteady fall in the percentage of conscientious objectorsamong the classes called up for service. It is now under

5%. Conscientious objectors are of various kinds, varyingfrom the man whose C.O. principles are a psychologicalcamouflaging of cowardice to the C.O. whose faith isfounded secure on the eternal rock of the law and orderof the British Empire and who, un consciously no doubt,regards the British policeman as one of the pillars of theuniverse. The fall in the C.O. index means that some ofsuch objectors have seen that behind the screen of oursecurity there is a stark barbarian world-and it is goodthat it should be seen.The understanding of the French Army collapse

should hearten us because our Army already has B.E.F.Dunkirk and Calais traditions behind it, and our workersglory in those traditions. The danger to morale in ourcountry has come from some few of the better-off classes,a proportion of whom are already interned. But thedanger must be watched, and any appropriate measures,however stern, taken to scotch infection before it spreads.

58

Preventive medicine is after all one of the most markedcharacteristics of medicine in Great Britain.

* * *

Security arrangements in the House have led to achange in the method of distributing seats for the ladiesand strangers gallery. These seats were formerlyallotted as the result of a ballot among M.P.s who wrotetheir names in a book left in one of the division lobbies.That method has been abolished and it is now necessaryfor an M.P. to apply personally to the admission orderoffice and to enter the name and address of the personfor whom the order is intended. There are otherrestrictions too. Entry into the premises of the Housesof Parliament-that is, the Palace of Westminster-isonlv obtained now after considerable formalities and amaximum of two visitors is the ration of all M.P.s atone time.Another sign of the times in the House is the drilling

of M.P. members of the L.D.V. in musketry, and theproportion of members in uniform increases.But our normal work continues, and although drastic

changes like that of compulsory industrial arbitrationbetween employers and employed, the findings ofwhich will be legally binding on both parties, may beintroduced by order in council, they are in fact, for themost part, brought into existence by legislation.

QUESTION TIME

Women Doctors in the ArmyMiss I. WARD asked the Secretary of State for War whether

the appointment of a woman doctor of senior rank has yetbeen made to each command.-Mr. A. EDEN replied: An

appointment is about to be made in the Eastern Command.Similar appointments in other commands are not consideredto be necessary at present.

Unemployed DoctorsSir ARTHUR HARBORD asked the Minister of Health if,

owing to the evacuation scheme in operation on the EastCoast, and to the serious decline in work in consequence, hewould consider giving preference to doctors thrown out ofwork thereby to enter the services, or for appointments towartime posts.-Mr. MACDONALD replied: A number ofdoctors normally practising in the towns involved are beinggiven appointments in the Emergency Medical Service. Acircular has recently been issued on the subject. In addition,the Central Medical War Committee is giving preference toother doctors in these towns in submitting names to theservice departments for such vacancies as exist in theirmedical branches.

A.R.P.: Where the G.P. Comes InMr. T. E. GROVES asked the Minister of Health if he would

take steps to secure that all medical practitioners not atpresent connected with air-raid precautions organisationswere made aware of what they should do in case of severe air-raids and, in particular, whether they should remain at theirsurgeries or should accept calls to private individuals and sopass out of touch with all others.-Mr. M. MACDoNALD

replied : I do not think it is practicable to lay down definiterules as to what all doctors should do in case of air-raids.Those who are not designated for immediate duty at first-aidposts or hospitals may be called upon later to reinforce thoseservices if they are available. If, in the meantime, theyreceive calls from private individuals they can be relied uponto use their judgment, as they are accustomed to do, in

deciding whether the patient’s condition requires an im-mediate visit. Where the individual is injured as the resultof the air-raid, the necessary medical attention will normallybe given through the casualty services and the need for aspecial summons to a doctor should not arise.

In reply to a further question Mr. MACDoNALD added :Medical officers of health in charge of casualty services havebeen authorised, if the need arises, to call upon any availabledoctors not already attached to those services, and it is forthem to make their plans accordingly, in cooperation with theprofession locally.

Air-raid CasualtiesMr. GROVES asked the Minister whether persons living a

considerable distance from any hospital and injured in anair-raid but not so seriously injured as to need attention at a

hospital would be obliged to visit a hospital in order to securea certificate entitling them to free treatment.-Mr. MAc-DONALD replied : The persons described will normally receiveattention in the first instance at a first-aid post or from amobile unit, and any necessary subsequent treatment throughan outpatient department, where a certificate for free domi-ciliary treatment will be given, if the circumstances so require.Any exceptional case where it is not practicable to make useof these arrangements will be considered on its merits.

Pressure on Medical Recruiting BoardsMr. A. M. LYONS asked the Minister of Labour if he was

aware that many members of medical boards in active generalpractice were given as many as eight medical boards weekly ;and if he would consider a more equitable method of distri-buting the work amongst the medical profession by establish.ing a larger number of medical boards.-Mr. ERNEST BEVINreplied : I am aware that the recent acceleration of medicalexaminations has thrown additional work on the chairmenand panel members of medical boards. The number ofmedical boards has been considerably increased recently andfurther boards are in course of being established. In viewof the greatly increased number of men to be examined duringthe coming weeks, however, it will not be possible for thepresent to avoid making more calls on the services of membersof boards than was at first the case.

Disposal of Animal CarcasesMr. D. J. B. JOEL asked the Minister of Health whether he

would give directions for the carcases of dogs and cats, thatwere having to be destroyed in many coastal towns becauseof the possibility of the population being compulsorilyevacuated, to be accepted by the local authorities for destruc-tion in the town incinerators ; and whether, where suchincinerators did not exist, other arrangements could be madeby the local authorities, such as the burial of the carcasesin trenches.-Mr. MACDONALD replied : I have no doubt thatlocal authorities will cooperate with the owners of dead dogsor cats so far as may be practicable in the circumstances. ’

Expectant MothersSir ERNEST GRAHAM-LITTLE asked the Minister whether his

attention had been drawn to the necessity of evacuating fromvulnerable areas expectant mothers in the later stages ofof pregnancy.-Mr. MACDONALD replied : Detailed plans havebeen prepared, as they were before the operation of theevacuation scheme last September, for the evacuation of

expectant mothers, and for their accommodation in receptionareas. Arrangements are in force in all evacuation areasunder which any expectant mothers who wish to do so mayregister for evacuation under the Government scheme. Anumber of women in the later stages of pregnancy are alreadybeing sent out at frequent intervals from London and othertowns to reception areas, and facilities are ready for muchlarger numbers if the demand increases, or if circumstancesmake it desirable.

Day NurseriesCaptain W. F. STRICKLAND asked the Minister what steps

he had taken for the provision of day nurseries or othermeans for the care of young children whose mothers might beengaged in essential industiial work.-Mr. MACDoNALD

replied : I have addressed a circular letter to the welfareauthorities of all areas in which the need for the provision of.day nurseries has been notified to me by the Minister ofLabour. Already several day nurseries have been establishedin the north-western area and steps are being taken to thesame end in the Midlands and in other districts. The principalvoluntary societies engaged in maternity and child welfarework are collaborating with my department and short coursesof instruction are being arranged for persons suitable for

employment as assistants in the nurseries.

Health-Insurance Income LimitMr. RHYS DAVIES asked the Minister whether he was aware

that the present income limit for non-mailual workers of9250 per annum was the same for both unemployment andhealth-insurance purposes ; and whether, in view of the

proposal to increase that limit to E420 under the Unemploy-ment Insurance Bill now before Parliament, he would intro-duce legislation to amend the health-insurance scheme likewise.- Mr. MACDONALD replied : The raising of the limit to £420a year for unemployment insurance would not necessarilyinvolve a similar change for national-health insurance, butthe matter is receiving my consideration.