on pronouns

7/28/2019 On Pronouns

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Generalities on pronouns

Personal:

- Case forms: the subjective (I/we, you, she/he/it/they) and the objective (me/us, you,

him/her/it/them)- the objective case is used after prepositions: They are all here except him/ Nobody else knew

about it but me./ People like us.

- Self-pronouns: No one could do this better than herself ./ All were there but myself ./ He asked

him and myself a few questions.

- used for the sake of emphasis: You yourself told me the story. / I saw him do it myself .

- ALL+BY+self-pronoun when intensifying ‘without help’: Don’t you feel lonely living here all

by yourself ?/ She travelled by herself ./ You can’t do all the work yourself.

- Prepositional dative follows after ‘write’, ‘sing’ and ‘play’ when there is no direct object

expressed: Read to us/ Write to her. (but: Read us the news./Write her a letter.

- There are verbs always followed by the prepositional dative: LISTEN, ANNOUNCE,

SUGGEST, PROVE, INTRODUCE, PROPOSE, MENTION, DESCRIBE, PRESCRIBE.

Will you listen to me for a moment?

- the pronoun ‘we’ is used with a patronizing tone: Can’t we open our mouth a little wider?/

How are we this morning?- ‘You’ may be used for emphasis: You keep silent!/ You there, get up!

- ‘It’ may be used to refer to ‘baby/child’ when the sex is not known: What a cute little baby it is!

How old is it?

- Possessive in expressions: the likes of him, not for the life of me, the death of him. I’ve got

the trick of it.

- Instead of the possessive adjective, a definite article is used in certain idioms: I have a cold in

the head.

- Demonstratives used with an emotive value implying familiarity: You know this guy John…/

It gives you this feeling…/

- in idioms: that’s the/my boy (good for you!)

And that’s that!



This many a day (long ago)

That is to say

Ann this, Ann that

That’s another pair of shoes

That’s a horse of another colour

I know this much

Let’s put this and that together

But for that (if it hadn’t been for that)

That’s all there is to it

That’s the limit

With that she shut the door

That will do

That’s it

That’s right

- THAT is used as an adverb: The water was that deep.

- The former/the latter when TWO are implied, the first/the last more than two.

- SAME is used in idioms: same here (me too), it’s all the same to me/it’s all one to me (it

doesn’t matter/it makes no difference), all the same (despite)

- SO is used to stand for an affirmative/negative statement: I’m afraid so (believe, hope, think,

suppose, expect, image)- to refer to a preceding verb: He did so.

- in idioms: Miss so and so (whatever)

-ONE: by one and all (everybody)

- INTERROGATIVES used in idiomatic expressions: Mr. What’s-his-name, a what-do-you-

call-it, I couldn’t tell who was who/ They are so alike I can’t tell which is which/ Tell me

who’s who/ He’s a clever fellow, he knows what’s what (what makes the difference)/ He

bought apples, tea, coffee, cakes and what not/ Who on earth/ What is the English for…

-WHICH for a limited choice: tea or coffee?

-What for more: I’m taking English, French and Italian classes.

Which girls do you like best? (a limited number of known girls)/ What girls do you like best?

(what kind of)



-RELATIVES: Clauses in which the relative pronoun is omitted are called contact clauses: The

man you spoke to…(the rest would still make perfect sense)

- INDEFINITES

- ‘Every’ is used when the total number exceeds two. It gathers the separate items into a whole.

Expressions: every bit as good as, every now and then, every other day, every two days,

every inch (He is every inch a gentleman)/ You have every right to be angry/ There is every

reason to think he is speaking the truth.

- ‘Each’-strongly distributive, it dispenses the unity: There were two boys and I gave an apple to

each.

‘Neither/either’- one or the other of two/not this and not the other, a rejection of both of two:

Which one of the two pens do you want? ‘Either will do.’ / Neither of my friends has come yet.- On either side of the street (either and the other of two)

- Correlative forms: either…or/ neither…nor- They will either have to mail it or to fax it.

-‘None’ takes the singular when referring to uncountables: We hoped the money would arrive

soon, but none was forthcoming.

-He is somewhat of a wizard…

-‘Any’, no particular one, practically ‘every’: any cook-book…

-‘Anything of”- Have you seen anything of John lately?

EXERCISES ON PRONOUNS (Mihai Zdrenghea, Anca Greere, A Practical English Grammar

(with exercises), Cluj, Clusium, 1997)

EXERCISE P.166 / THE PRONOUN

Choose the suitable form of the pronoun in brackets.:

1. I blame you as much as (he, him). I blame you both.2. I blame you as much as (he, him). Both of us blame you.3. He could only get tickets for you and (I, me).4. There is a friendly agreement between Mr. Brown and (I, me).5. We found out that (he, him) and his wife, without saying a word, had left for London.6. They are all lazy except (he, him).7. Everybody, except (I. me), went to meet Tom.8. Such men as (he, him) are intolerable.9. I cannot tolerate such men as (he, him).10. It was as if there was no one in the world but (he, him).



11. I like you more than (she, her).12. He thought that her drawings were rather like (she, her).13. What would you like to do if you were (he, him)?14. It’ll take you longer to get straight dressed than (I, me).

TRANSLATION P.167 / THE PRONOUN

1. “- Ce sã-ti cânt?” “Cântã-mi acel cântec care-i place Mariei.”2. Tradu-le articolul pe care l-ai citit.3. Vorbeste-le acum, nu amâna.4. Nu vrei sã ne descrii cãlãtoria pe care ai fãcut-o?5. Cine ti-a sugerat aceastã metodã?6. Vrei sã-i faci cunostintã cu fata cu care vorbeai ieri când ne-am întâlnit?7. Nu stiu dacã l-am convins când i-am sugerat un nou stil în pictura sa.8. Doctorul mi-a prescris mult somn si plimbare.9. Nu-mi explica ce trebuie sã-i spun, stiu si eu.10. Vrei sã ne descrii peisajul marin pictat de tine?

11. I-am spus în treacãt care este situatia.12. Am vrut sã-i dovedesc cine e mai bun.


Fill in the blank spaces with the pronouns ‘I’ or ‘myself’:

1. The only guests were Alice and ...... .2. He looks down at me for ...... haven’t got good marks.3. It’s not you who has to answer that letter but ...... .4. There is a mutual understanding between John and ...... .5. “Who’s there?” “Jesse and ...... . “

6. They saw neither Peter nor ...... .7. Both Doris and ...... went down with flu last week.8. For a poor man like ...... this money means very much.9. He is taller than ...... .10. No one knew the situation better than ...... .


Choose the suitable form of the pronouns in brackets:

1. The customer is merely a body to be served as quickly as possible, so that (he, she, he or she)

can be replaced by another body.2. If a man or a woman doesn’t look where (he, she, he or she, they) (is going, are going), thenwhat happens to (him or her, them) is (his or her, their) fault.3. The most important thing about homework is that it is something which the child must do by(himself, herself, itself).4. Everybody seems to be in such a hurry going after (his or her, their) job(s).5. When bathing a baby always hold (him, her, it) securely.6. Everyone had (his, his or her, their) eyes fixed on the magnificent pageant.7. He suggested that each should pay (his, his or her, their) own cost(s).



8. Your story is too ridiculously feeble for words. Nobody in (his, his or her, their) right mind(s)would believe it for an instant.9. “No one really liked him, did (he, he or she, they)?” “No, (he, he or she, they) didn’t.”10. We don’t prosecute anyone for (his, his or her, their) beliefs.11. In this research paper (I, we) are going to analyze a medical problem.12. So (I, we, you) can conclude from the facts mentioned in this paragraph that this problem is

unsolvable.

TRANSLATION P.172-1 / THE PRONOUN

1. În acest magazin se vorbeste engleze.2. Se-ntâmplã cã-l cunosc.3. Se pare cã nu vom mai putea gãsi bilete la acel spectacol.4. Se pare cã astãzi vom avea o vreme bunã.5. În articol se vorbeste despre despre descoperirea unor fosile.6. Nu poti stii ce-ti aduce ziua de mâine.7. Crezi cã e bunã piesa? Asa se spune.

TRANSLATION P.172-2 / THE PRONOUN

1. Mi-a luat douã ore sã rezolv problema aceea.2. E usor pentru unii studenti sã învete regulile de pronuntare în limba englezã, pentru altii însãeste destul de greu.3. S-a întâmplat ca cei doi prieteni sã fie nãscuti în aceeasi zi.4.Este o traditie ca studentii din anul patru sã organizeze o petrecere de absolvire.5. În literatura englezã Chaucer este acela care a introdus culegerile de povestiri.6. Este normal ca sportivii buni sã fie deosebit de apreciati.7. Am considerat necesar sã-i spun ce s-a întâmplat.

8. De aici pâna în centru orasului este un drum lung.9. “- Cine-i?” “- Eu”10. Plouã de mai bine de douã ore si se pare cã va mai ploua mult.

EXERCISE P.173-1 / THE PRONOUN

Fill in the blank spaces with it or there:

1. ....... is a long way to the university

2. ...... is a book on the table.3. ...... is a garden round the house.4. ...... is you I meant5. ...... is too late to begin now.6. ...... is said so.7. ...... is a lot of work to be done.8. ...... is a long way to go.9. ...... is time Peter improved his behaviour 10. ...... is two o’clock



11. ...... is easy to understand why he is late.12. ...... is a post office in the village.13. ...... is a long time since we met.14. ...... is a big hole in your stocking.15. ..... is a game I’d like to speak about but I can’t remember the name.16. .... is more important for you now than later.


Fill in the blank spaces with it is or there is. In some sentences contracted, plural, negative

and interrogative forms of the past or future are required:

1. “What’s the time?” “... 3.30.” “What’s the date?” ... the 24th.”2. “How far ...... to York?” “...... fifty miles.”3. ...... very stormy last night.4. ...... freezing very hard. ...... ice on the lake tomorrow.5. As ...... sunny she decided to take the children to the sea.6. Why don’t you go for a walk? ...... a pity to stay in when ...... so nice outside.

7. ...... (not) any shadows because ...... (not) any sun.8. ...... going to be a bus strike tomorrow.9. ...... all right as ...... a fine day; but if ....... wet ...... long queues at the underground.10 ....(no) any glass in the windows; that is why .... cold in the room.11. ...... wet yesterday; ...... impossible to go out.12. ...... a lot of rain last week. ...... floods everywhere.13. As .....a thick fog last night ...... several accidents on the motorway.14. ...... foolish to drive fast when ...... foggy.15. ...... difficult to find your way round this town. ...... so many streets, all looking exactly alike.16. Come on, John! ...... time to get up! ...... nearly breakfast time.17. ...... lunch time when we get to Cambridge, so let’s have lunch there. No, ...... (not) time for lunch because our train to Glasgow leaves Cambridge at 1.15.

18. ...... funny smell here. ...... turpentine?19. ...... all sorts of stories about Robin Hood, but ...... (not) known exactly who he was or what hedid.20. “Can I have the Times, please”, said the customer. “I’m afraid .... (not) any left”, said thenewsagent. “But ...... a Guardian on the rack beside you. Why not take that? ...... just as good.”


Put the pronouns in brackets in the correct form:

1. That was ...... who spoke. (she)

2. He speaks English as well as ...... . (I)3. See if that’s ...... . (he)4. I know ...... better than ...... . (she, he)5. I thought ...... were the manager; who are .... if .... are not ... (you, you, you, he)6. When I asked Dorothy who were her friends she declared her fellow students to be ...... (they)7. ...... said nothing either about ...... or ...... . (they, he, she)8. ...... do not like that friend of ...... . (I, you)9. Oh, dear ...... . (I)10. Helen as well as ...... has to leave now. (I)



11. They knew all about my friend and ...... . (I)12. Mr. Smith and ...... were speaking about a play when ...... joined ...... . (he, you, they)13. Harry gave Peter and ...... the theatre tickets, then ...... had a discussion with ...... . (I, we, he)14. The landlady asked Anne and ...... what was on T.V. (I)15. There is some candy for ...... and ...... . (you, I)16. What’s the name of ...... who came first? (he)

17. There is nothing between ...... and ...... . (he, she)18. Let my friend and ...... leave now. (I)19. He does not know ...... yet; let’s play ......a trick: ...... will be ...... and ...... will be ...... . (we,he, I, you, you, I)20. Let ...... all go for a ride, except ...... since ...... has fallen ill. (we, she, she)21. Everybody was invited except ...... . (she)22. How can you talk to a man such as ...... . (he)


Fill in the blank spaces with possessive pronouns or adjectives:

John and Mary are twins. Yesterday it was .... birthday. ... uncle gave them lots of presents: adoll, a drum, a bicycle, an airplane and a puppy. The doll and the drum belong to Mary. They areall.... . The bicycle and the airplane belong to John. They are all ... . The puppy belongs to both of them. It is ... . “Yes”, said Mary “It is ... , half .... and half ..... .


Fill in the blank spaces with the adjective own:

1. I saw it with my ...... eyes.2. It is your ...... outlook on life.3. That flat is his ...... .

4. Turkish coffee has a flavour of its ...... .5. My money is my ...... .6. That is his ...... flat.7. For reasons of our ...... we refused to go to her party.8. I’m all on my ...... today.9. She always goes her ...... way.10. He is his ...... master.


1. La petercere am cunoscut pe unchiul, mãtusa si verisoarele lui.2. Pentru nimic în lume nu as fi de acord cu asa ceva.

3. De ce-mi faci observatii. Asta nu-i treaba ta.4. Si-a scuturat capul.5. Nu-l poate suferi; pânã si vederea lui îl scoate din sãrite.6. Te superi dacã fumezi aici.7. Cine crezi cã a venit la seratã. Michael cu ai sãi.8. Când l-a vãzut si-a pierdut capul.9. Isi face rochiile singurã.10. Nu mã împrietenesc cu cei de teapa lui.11. Si-a pierdut cursurile; de aceea le-a împrumutat pe ale tale.



12. I-am cumpãrat fiului meu cãrti , iar fiului lor jucãrii.13. Si-a pus cãrtile, caietele si penarul pe masã.14. Îmi gãtesc singurã.15. Când s-au întâlnit, amândoi si-au scos pãlãria.16. Durerea ei e si a mea.17. Una din rudele mele invitate aici s-a împrietenit cu un coleg de-al tãu.

18. Într-adevãr îti place pãlãria aceea veche a ei?19. Ideea a fost numai a lui.20. Ne vom gândi întotdeauna cu plãcere la tine si la ai tãi.21. Nerecunostinta copiilor sãi o sã-l vâre în mormânt.22. Popestii nu-ti sunt prieteni?23. N-am stiut cum de nu greseste niciodatã la acest joc, dar acum i-am prins smecheria.24. Îmi place aceastã idee a ta.25. I-a trebuit mult timp pânã când sã se hotãrascã.


Using a double genitive reshape the sentences below so as to express the same idea,

according to the model:

One of our friends has just been taken to hospital becomes A friend of ours has just been

taken to hospital.

1. One of his films has been severely criticised.2. This is one of my favourite books.3. It is one of my habits to sit up very late.4. This is one of your good ideas.5. The newly appointed manager is one of your friends.6. I have to call on one of my relatives who lives in York.7. Have you seen one of my husband’s books lying about somewhere.

8. One of Mary’s neighbours has the annoying habit of playing the piano early in the morning.9. We met one of your former students at a party last week.10 That photograph belongs to one of my nephews.


Read the question. Then complete the answer with the appropriate possessive adjective


“Is George going to pass the exam?” “”I’m sorry, but I can’t imagine ......an examination.”Using the underlined word in the question and a possessive adjective this becomes: “I’m

sorry, but I can’t imagine his passing an examination.”

1. “Can Jack attend tonight’s concert, Mr. Robinson?”“No, I can’t approve of ...... one tonight.”

2. “Did she say that she solved that difficult problem without help?”“Yes, but I’m rather doubtful about ...... it all by herself.”

3. “Did you win a prize for your flower arrangement?”



“Yes, my family are delighted at ...... a prize.”4 .” May I borrow your typewriter, Jane?”

“Of course, I certainly don’t mind ...... my typewriter whenever you need it.”5. “Did she say that she made this delicious cake just to please us?”

“Yes, but somehow I am doubtful about ...... such a fine cake just to please the two of us.”6. “Must you get up at five o’clock tomorrow morning?”

“Yes, though I’m not convinced of ...... so early.”7. “Did your son marry Jane?”

“Yes, though we objected to ...... at such a young age.”8. “Doesn’t Mr. Willis want to buy a Jaguar?”

“Yes, but his wife won’t hear of ...... such an expensive car.”9. “Is he qualified for the job?”

“He’s not sure. The management had doubts about ...... for the job.”10. “Did your sister have troubles with the mathematics examination?”

“Yes, but nobody was surprised at ...... difficulties with the exam.”11. “ Did John go to the party, considering how he embarrassed himself the last time?”

“... was a surprise to everyone especially when he acted as if ....himself should have beenforgotten by everybody.”

12. “Was he the only one that showed up?”“Yes. ... the only one there made the choice very easy.”


Replace the possessive forms of the (pro)nouns by the corresponding personal pronouns in

the objective case:

1. Mother objected to Ann’s coming late home.2. Please forgive my intruding on you this way.3. Did your father agree to your borrowing money?4. I can forgive your being rude to me, but I can’t forgive your being rude to my parents.

5. Do you remember his returning the bill?6. The teacher dislikes their singing out of tune.7. I don’t like his asking such a personal question.8. I just can’t understand your wanting to do this exercise again.9. I recommend their going by train.10. Do you mind our coming, too.


Make one sentence of each of the following pairs by using a gerund with a possessive,


She said she wasn’t going to write it again. I clearly remember that. Combining the twosentences we get: I clearly remember her saying that she wasn’t going to write again.

1. She said she didn’t like travelling by train. You may remember that.2. He came home much later than usual. She didn’t forgive him.3. His sons didn’t pass the examination. He felt very angry about it.4. Mr. Brown was late for the concert. Mrs. Brown didn’t mind.5. He is in love with an unusually lovely girl. You can easily understand that.6. You think I took it without permission. It is no use.



7. John has married that awfully bad-tempered girl. What do you think of that?8. He had made a reasonable excuse. I couldn’t deny it.9. You came so far for such a dull play. Nobody could understand that.10. She always reads my letters. I don’t like that.

EXERCISE P.182-1 / THE PRONOUNComplete the following using either possessive adjectives or the definite article:

1. Aubery looked astonished but there was no trace of irritation in ...... face.2. We have sold ...... old car.3. You must allow this matter to take ...... proper time.4. You can’t trust him, he is constantly breaking ..... promises.5. They were blue in ...... face with cold.6. The stone struck me in ...... back.7. He had to stop because of an acute pain in ...... knee.

EXERCISE P.182-2 / THE PRONOUNSupply the correct self-pronoun in the sentences below:

1. Jane has made ...... ill by worrying.2. Cats keep ...... clean by licking.3. As she didn’t want anyone to see her, she locked ...... in her room.4. You must stop ...... from eating between meals if you want to make ...... thinner.5. She bought ...... a new dress.6. I reminded ...... that there was still plenty of work to do.7. You ought to be ashamed of ...... .8. I saw Mary looking at ...... in the mirror.9. If you lie to your parents, you’ll hate ...... for it.

10. If we want to keep ...... healthy, we must take plenty of exercise.11. My son is only four and he can’t wash ...... and dress ...... properly.12. Mrs. Smith is very proud of her figure. She kept ...... thin by not eating too much.13. My boys burnt ...... while they were lighting the fire.14. Make ...... at home and help ...... to anything you fancy.15. I couldn’t see ...... as there was no mirror in the room.


Fill in the blank spaces with the appropriate self pronoun:

1. The dramatist ...... delivered the speech for the opening night.

2. She’s very selfish, she thinks of ...... only.3. What’s the matter with you? You haven’t been ...... for some time.4. The little boys quarrelled among ...... about the toys.5. You must buy ...... a new dress.6. He settled ...... to listen because the street noises forced ...... on his attention in an odd way.7. The fault lies in ......, not in our stars.8. Aunt Ann told me the story ...... , so of course I believe it.9. Peter sat at the table and helped ...... to the cake.10. Poor Jim looks like a fish out of water sitting all by...in a corner.



11. She stood admiring ...... in front of the mirror.12. They think ...... superior to all their fellow students.13. We gave ... a lot of trouble by joining them on that horrible trip.14. You ought to be ashamed of ...; what have you to say for ...?15. Miss Green pinched ...... to find out if she was awake.16. Sam nearly killed ...... when he fell off the ladder.

17. You’ll have to remind ...... to do it.18. “Who invited him to the party?” “Nobody. He invited ...... to the party.”19. I cooked ...... a nice dinner.20. “I am urging you to tell him.” “Why don’t you tell him ... ?”


1. Poti vedea singur la ce rezultate s-a ajuns în aceste cercetãri.2. Thomas nu era în apele lui seara trecutã.3. Tony s-a lovit rãu la genunchi.4. Stãpâneste-te!

5. Geamul s-a spart de la sine.6. Trebuie sã ai grijã de tine în excursia pe care o faceti în munti.7. Nu vorbi rãu despre tine; esti prea modestã.8. Toarnã-ti încã o ceascã de cafea.9. Sezi de mult aici de unul singur?10. Crezi cã si-a revenit atât de repede?11. Decât atâtea interventii, mai bine vorbeste în numele tãu.12. Am fost invitati la o seratã unde ne-am distrat foarte bine.13. A vorbi mult despre tine însuti dovedeste proastã crestere.14. De când s-a ars cu chibriturile, copilul n-a mai pus mâna pe ele.15. Nedând crezare celor auzite, s-au dus acolo chiar ei.16. Poartã-te frumos!


Supply the correct self pronoun to fill the blank spaces in the following sentences:

1. She does the cooking ...... to save money.2. My daughter tidied her room ...... to help me.3. Nobody helped him; he repaired the puncture ...... .4. When I arrived there I was met by the headmaster ...... .5. He went to the railway station ...... to meet his friend.6. This is a machine that works by ...... .7. The world of the sky became magic ......

8. They don’t have to type any letter by ...... . They have got a typist.9. We ...... take pride in our achievements.10. The forts were built by ...... as they had to oppose the invaders.11. If one wants a thing done, one had best do it ...... .12. The receptionist told us to hurry, but she didn’t hurry ...... .13. She is perfection ...... .14. You can’t do all the work ...... in a house as big as this.15. She washed the windows........




Replace the words or phrases underlined by expressions with self pronouns:

1.Even Shaw never wrote a more interesting play than that.2. He personally opened the door to see who was there.

3. Don’t you feel lonely living here all alone.4. He changed the wheel without anybody else’s help.5. It was a statue that no less an artist than Brancusi might have carved.6. The little girl was quite alone in the dark room and she startled at the faintest sound.7. He imagined he was a genius.8. When the famous scientist visited our faculty he was met by none other than the dean.9. They may have all these books at their disposal.10. I personally prefer tea to coffee.11. I don’t think he will be able to manage without any help.12. We are absolutely certain; we saw it with our own eyes.13. You look another man today.14. She recovered consciousness only two hours after the accident.

15. She is the embodiment of kindness.


Insert the correct reciprocal pronouns:

1. The two girls greeted ...... .2. At the party the people invited had to pass the plates to ...... .3. I travelled with that lady from Paris to Calais and when we reached the sea we really began toknow ...... .4. If all the students of the group help ...... they will pass the exams getting good marks.5. It was a nice team, all were very fond of ...... .

6. Hearing the story the two children looked at ...... astonished.7. The two engineers quarrelled with ...... and then they came to the same conclusion.8. The two colleagues invited ...... to work hard for the examination.9. The children were playing hide and seek looking for .......10. After failing in the exam, the two students comforted ...... .


1. Au hotãrât sã se astepte unul pe altul dupã examen.2. Când i-am vãzut pe cei doi scriitori, ei vorbeau unul cu altul.3. Se cunosteau unul pe altul foarte bine.

4. El si sora lui se iubesc foarte mult.5. Timpul era atât de scurt pâna la plecarea trenului încât trebuiau sã se despartã unul de celãlaltînainte ca sã fi discutat problemele care îi interesau.6. S-au uitat unul la altul mirati.7. Cât timp Tom a fost plecat îsi scriau unul altuia.8.S-au ajutat una pe cealaltã pentru a termina mai repede treaba.9. S-au înteles sã se anunte unul pe celãlalt de îndatã ce vor avea vesti noi.10. Auziserã una despre cealaltã de la prieteni comuni.




1. Acesti ultimi trei kilometri au fost foarte greu de parcurs.2. Vi-i prezint pe studentii din grupa mea.3. Aceste fete si acesti bãieti s-au pregãtit împreunã pentru examenul de admitere.

4. Aceste douã sãptãmâni ploioase au fost bine venite pentru recolta de cereale.5. N-am putut face altceva decât sã astept în aceste douã zeci de minute.6. Ai primit cei trei sute de dolari?7. Vi-l prezint pe George Bradley.8. “Care-i cartea ta?” “Iat-o.”9. Iatã cum si-a petrecut vacanta.10. Iatã-i lucrurile acolo.


1. Bravo bãiete! Ai fost într-adevãr la înãltimea asteptãrilor.2. Fii drãgutã si vino cu mine la teatru.3. Am întârziat pentru cã mi s-a întâmplat un mic necaz.4. Nu si-a fãcut tema; de altfel el întotdeauna are de obiectat când una când alta.5. John e student slab si pe deasupra mai si lipseste de la seminarii.6. Îti mai spun ultima datã sã nu mai lipsesti de la seminarii, sã-ti faci temele si sã fii activ si cuasta am terminat.7. Îsi alintã fetita: mereu Maria în sus, Maria în jos.8. Nu-si face temele inventând ba una ba alta.9. Ajunge, mulþumesc.10. “Ce s-a întâmplat?” “Ne-am certat, asta-i tot.”11. Ãsta-i adevãrul.


Fill in the blanks with the former, the latter, the first, and the last:

1. I like both Bach and Beethoven; I know you prefer the ....to the....2. He read more books during the holidays. The ...... ones seemed to him more interesting than the...... ones.3. It’s for the ...... time I tell you this.4. In the ...... century, the Indians were often chased by the American army; the ...... wantedliberty, the ...... said they wanted order.5. At their practical work, the students used both the Oxford English Dictionary and Longman’s

Dictionary of Contemporary English. They found more phrasal verbs in the ...and many idioms inthe...6. The Romanian people won its independence in the ...... half of the nineteenth century.7. The ...... Dean of their Faculty is now Rector of the University.8. I was given both June’s composition and Ann’s. I read only the ...9. The Danube and the Volga are two large rivers in Europe; the .... is longer than the ...... .




Insert suitable demonstratives:

1. She speaks Italian so and ...... .2. All the ...... ; I don’t like him.3. ...... fine weather!4. ...... results as hers ought to be admired by her colleagues.

5. I don’t like ...... dress, give me ...... blue ...... .6. Don’t read any further. ...... will do.7. In the ...... hundreds of schools opened in our country.8. Both poems are nice, but I prefer the ...... .9. ..... is what he answered.10. ......is your cake and ...... is mine.11. I’ve tasted four of your cakes; the ...... is the best.12. You don’t agree with me now, but ...... day you’ll realize I’m right.13. ...... hardly knows what to answer under such circumstances.14. I considered it was her mistake and I told her ...... .15. “I wish you happy holidays.” “Thank you, the ...... to you.”


Replace the words underlined by demonstrative adjectives and pronouns according to the

model:

“All possibilities of the same kind must be considered” becomes

All such possibilities must be considered.

1. Poets of the same kind as Keats and Shelley are rare.2. The old cups over there aren’t good enough.3. Your stupidity is of a degree that might fill me with despair.4. A silly child is not the same as a silly man; the silly child is presumably acting silly, the silly

man is silly by character.5. The people over there are our neighbours.6. The man you see here is the man who rushed into a burning house to save a child.7. The plays written by Shaw and the plays written by Shakespeare have very little in common.8. He is a brilliant physicist and is everywhere recognized as a brilliant physicist.9. John and William are both hard-working students. John excels in mathematics, William inhistory.10. I like these blouses much better than the blouses over there.


1. Vreau o pãlãrie. O voi cumpãra pe cea gri.2. Du tu pachetele grele iar eu voi duce pe acestea usoare.3. Nu vreau poseta aceasta; o vreau pe aceea mare.4. Costumele tale sunt deosebit de frumoase; în special acesta gri.5. Ai adus niste cãrti, dar ele nu sunt acelea pe care ti le-am împrumutat.6. Nu stii niciodatã ce aduce ziua de mâine, nu-i asa?7. Am petrecut acolo o lunã.8. Scrie unsprezece cu doi de unu.9. Într-o zi va pleca pentru totdeauna.



10. Unul a spus la altul si asa stirea s-a rãspândit repede în sat.


Fill in the blanks with who or which:

1. ...... could he be?2. I don’t know ...... of the two brothers is younger?3. She didn’t remember ...... you had married.4. I don’t know to ...... of the three students I lent the dictionary.5. ...... meeting lasted three hours?6. ...... of you heard Peter play at yesterday’s concert?7. ...... of the two T.V. sets did you finally buy?8. ...... is the cleverest student in your group?9. I can’t tell you ..... I would like to read: D. Thomas or V. Wolf.10. ...... advised you to act like that?

EXERCISE P.201 / THE PRONOUNInsert which or what in the blank spaces:

1. I can lend you both the typed course or that ...... I myself have written. .... one do you prefer?2. ...... are you laughing at?3. ...... books have you read lately?4. ...... of you is willing to help us?5. ...... woke you up?6. ...... writer was awarded the first prize?7. ...... is the matter?8. ...... language was the easiest for you to learn?9. ...... is the way to the college?

10. ...... river flows through London?11. ...... is wrong with my handwriting?12. ...... would you like me to put on?13. ...... film star is your favourite one?14. ...... is the largest country in Europe?15. I don’t know ...... is better: to wait for them or to enter, as the film has already begun?


1. Cu ce ai deschis-o?2. Cu cine ai reusit sã vorbesti ieri?

3. Despre ce vorbesti?4. Ce carte ai cerut?5. De ce ai scris scrisoarea?6. Cu cine te-ai dus?7. Pe lângã ce ai trecut în drum spre scoalã?8. Ce râu a traversat el înot?9. La ce se foloseste asta?




Give interrogative responses using either the prepositions underlined or the prepositions in

brackets:

1. She was seen riding on a tiger.2. Answer, please. (to)

3. I’m waiting for George s grandmother.4. Tell me something. (about)5. Take another piece of cake. (with)6. Apologise to my friend. (for)7. I have seen that exhibition. (with)8. Give it to one of the girls.9. I am going to pay a visit to the Rector of the University.10. Sharpen that pencil. (with)


Fill in the blanks with who, what, and which:

1. ...... was written on the copybook?2. ...... did you meet?3. ...... happened yesterday?4. ...... writer do you like best?5. ...... student were you speaking to when I met you?6. ...... of the students were you speaking to when I saw you yesterday?7. ...... of your colleagues did you make friends with?8. ...... cat is the child playing with?9. ...... is she like?10. ...... is the subject of the short story?11. ...... university does he come from?

12. Tell me, ...... languages can you speak?13. ...... is he? He is a teacher.14. ...... was it you wanted to see me for?15. ...... did you sing that song for?


1. Nu-ti fie milã de el; stie el sã se descurce.2. Caietul Mariei era plin de însemnãri fãcute la diferite ocazii cu proverbe, cu citate celebre sicâte altele.3. Ca orice secretarã în primele zile de lucru, n-am stiut ce contin acele multe dosare primite.4. Cele douã gemene seamãnã atât de mult încât nu le pot deosebi.

5. Ce-ai zice sã mergem la teatru?6. El si-a fãcut deja temele, dar tu?7. La ce orã ai venit acasã?8. Vãd multe fete cunoscute, dar poti sã-mi spui cine sunt?9. Oare ce-i trece prin cap?10. Oare cine ti-a spus minciuna asta?11. Uite douã editii ale cãrtii. Pe care s-o aleg?12. Te-am întrebat cum o cheamã.13. Am auzit un strigãt puternic, dar n-am stiut a cui voce era.



Insert relative pronouns in the blank spaces:

1. This is the statue ...... I told you about.2. The young woman ...... you have just met is a good physician.3. Don’t ask me that; there’s little ...... I can tell you about it.4. He is not the man ...... his father wants him to be.

5. The book is a practical one; there’s much in it ...... is not explained.6. We give our dogs everything ...... is left after meals.7. The girls ...... he praised were delighted.8. I can let in nobody ...... is late.9. All the people ...... I have ever met have disliked him.10. Any man ...... listens to you is a fool.


Add the necessary relative pronoun to the following sentences:

1. Go to that restaurant; ...... we ate there was delicious.

2. The woman ...... spoke next was a newspaper reporter.3. ...... will not work shall not eat.4. These are the books ...... came from England.5. The baby ...... you saw in the hospital is George’s son.6. Can anyone ...... saw that film ever forget it?7. Refrigerators ...... are bought by hire-purchase are very common in England.8. Those ...... have never been at the seaside can’t appreciate its beauties.9. This is the best hotel ...... I know.10. I agree to everything ...... she said.11. ...... is done must be well done.12. Nothing ...... he wrote is to be taken into account.13. ...... belongs to Mary shall be hers.

14. I will give him all ...... he asked me to.15. This is the very book ...... I need.16. ......I can’t understand is how he succeeded to finish the work so quickly.17. This is the only composition ...... I could look over.18. Speak to me about the novel ...... was so highly appreciated.19. The lady... we talked about is my teacher.20. The boy ... book it was angry at me for not returning it.


Combine the following pairs of sentences using relative pronouns

1. I met Amelia. She was crying because you deceived her.2. They poked fun at him. It made him angry.3. Eve gave me this for you. She had been running to meet me.4. He helped the old lady cross the street.5. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.6. The bed had no mattress. I sleep on this bed.7. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.8. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.9. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.




Give a reply to the sentences below first with an either-clause, then with a neither-clause.

Use the noun or pronoun in brackets as the subject according to the model:

Harry doesn’t snore. (I) The replies may be: I don’t, either, or Neither do I.

1. The play wasn’t very interesting. (film)2. Donkeys aren’t allowed on the bus. (cows)3. Philip can’t swim. (I)4. Jane couldn’t remember the poems. (Mary)5. The meat shouldn’t be cooked too long. (vegetables)6. Cats can’t swim and breathe under water. (hens)7. Peter doesn’t have to get up early. (I)8. The boys wouldn’t abandon their work. (the girls)9. Mrs. Brown can’t read without glasses. (Mr. Brown)10. The writer wouldn’t abandon the position he had taken. (the critic)


Fill in the blanks with either, neither or both:

1. Take ...... half; they are exactly the same.2. ...... of you can do it. it’s as simple as ABC.3. They are ...... lying; ...... answer is true.4. These two boys are awfully badly-behaved. I like ...... of them.5. You must not favour ...... side in the dispute.6. This dress is ...... cheap and up-to-date.7. When Mary and Ann came from the market ...... of them were carrying a basket in ...... hand.8. I have two brothers; ...... of them are studying mathematics, so ...... of them can help you with

your problems.9. “ ...... books are useful and amusing. You may take ...... of the two, but not ...... .” “I willtake ...... or ...... .”10. ...... of the two proposals was accepted.


Fill in the blanks with some, any, no or their compounds:

1. “Would you like ... more coffee?” “No, thanks, I want .... more.”2. I must tell you ...... about that girl. You needn’t tell me ...... . I know her very well.3. ...... can translate that into English.4. I can’t buy it. I have hardly ...... money.

5. Have you ...... money to lend me?6. I heard a knock; is there ...... at the door?7. If I find ...... of these volumes in the library I’ll borrow them.8. She hasn’t ...... friends here, yet.9. ....can make him give up the experiments he began ...... years ago.10. ...... told me what to do under the circumstances.11. ...... way or other, we’ll overcome these difficulties.12. In ...... case, you mustn’t forget to do that.13. Are there ...... letters for me.



14. Have you ...... objection to my going there.15. Don’t waste ...... time, for it will take you ...... time to get through all that work.16. If ...... calls, say I’m out.17. I see you want ...... more groceries. Are you expecting ...... for the week-end.18. He hopes to be a writer ...... day.19. Can’t ...... be done to help him? I think it can or should be.

20. Call ...... day you like. There’s always ...... in to receive.


Insert much, many, little and few in the blank spaces in the sentences below:

1. You have a lot of grammar books but I have ...... .2. ...... money is needed in America by somebody who wants to become a president.3. Tom gets plenty of money from his dad but Ann doesn’t get ...... .4. As I was very busy I have written....letters to my mom this month.5. In her first written paper Mary made ...... mistakes but in her second one she made ......6. This week we have had ...... time for amusement.

7. ...... great writers ended their lives in misery.8. I want ...... soda water in the wine (= hardly any).9. ...... people like sincerity but ...... are sincere.10. I can’t write the letter in German; I know ...... of that language.

EXERCISE P.222-2 / THE PRONOUN: Supply few, a few, little, a little:

1. I know ...... of Peter (hardly anything).2. ...... countries have such splendid scenery.3. I have ...... books treating that problem; I can lend you some.4. I have .....books treating that problem; I must look for some more.

5. I’ll have ...... spare time in the afternoon so I’ll pay him a visit.6. I have ...... spare time today, I don’t think I can come to visit.7. “Can you give me some ink?” “Yes, I think I have ...... .”8. “Have you read all those books?” “No, only ...... of them.”9. We all read Homer but ...... is known about his life.10. Put ...... salt on my beef steak, please.


Insert other(s), the other(s), or another:

1. Some people like travelling, ...... do not.

2. This is one of the letters, where is ...... ?3. I should like ...... cup of tea, please.4. Some of the guests were listening to him, all ...were playing cards.5. I don’t like these two dresses; let’s look for two ...... .6. Your not being able to spell this word is ...... proof that you haven’t learned for today.7. There was....man waiting for me than the one I expected.




Choose the correct form in brackets:

1. Everybody (is/are) coming, (isn’t he/aren’t they)?2. Everything he said (was/were) true.3. Everyone was right, (wasn’t anyone/weren’t they)?4. Everyone (likes/like) him.

5. Anyone can solve this exercise, (can’t one/can’t he/can’t they)?6. One must see that, (mustn’t he, mustn’t one)?7. Nothing went wrong, (did anything/did it)?8. Everyone (was/were applauding her.9. No one (has/have) agreed to what he suggested, (has one/has he)?10. Somebody (has/have) come in, (hasn’t he/haven’t they)?


Supply the correct personal, possessive or reflexive pronouns:

1. One must behave .....in ....own house, as well as in other people’s.

2. Anything has ...... importance ...... function on the Earth.3. No country can afford to neglect the education of ...... children.4. Every young man enjoys ...... during the holidays.5. Nothing was in ...... place when I began cleaning the house,

6. Everything has ...... beginning and end.7. Everybody worked ...... along on ...... elbows during the attack.8. Each student was helped by that professor. He helped ...... a lot.

REVISION P.226-1 / THE PRONOUN

Fill in the blanks with suitable indefinite pronouns or adjectives:

1. I didn’t feel like talking to ...... at all right then.2. I suppose a man can get used to ...... .3. You seem to have thought of ......, haven’t you?4. He wanted some more coffee but there was ...... left.5. ...... of us is perfect; we all make mistakes.6. “Is there ...... ink in the pot?” “No, ...... .”7. Will you have ...... more tea? There is plenty in the pot.8. “Are you doing ...... tonight?” “No, ...... .”9. Tell me ...... you know and ...... will be well.10. We ...... know how hard you have worked. ...... shares your joy at your success.11. “Who is in the corridor?” “...... .”

12. “How ...... does that cost?” “Very ......, only ...... shillings.”13. Look at my hands; ...... is on the table and ...... on my knee. Now they are ...... under the table.14. I have only two eyes; ...... are good, but if I had six, I should need them ...... to supervisethose children properly.15. “Which arm have I raised?” “The left ...... . “16. “Which of my hands is in the pocket?” “ ......; they are ...... on the table.17. “Which ...... do you want?” “ ...... will do.”18. There will be a prize for ...... of you.19. ...... sat for the examination, but ...... passed it.



20. One man’s meat is ...... ‘s poison.

REVISION P.226-2 / THE PRONOUN

1. Nu-i un bãiat rãu dar ca student e asa si asa.

2. Poti sã nu-mi mai scrii, mi-e egal.3. Trebuie sã completezi fisa mai clar: te-ai nãscut în cutare zi, în

cutare oras si asa mai departe.4. E bine sã se procedeze în asa fel încât sã fie multumiti si ceilalti.5. Fiecare cunostea gândurile celuilalt dar amândoi refuzarã sã vorbeascã.6. S-ar putea crede cã nici unul dinte ei nu a vãzut vreodatã asa o masinãrie.7. John a avut destule comentarii pertinente despre acest text.8. Nu-i asa cã oricine poate sã rezolve aceastã problemã.

on pronouns

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