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8/6/2019 OMB Valve Tech

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Introduction toValve Technology

Presented by


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Part 5 Materials

Presented by


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MATERIAL FOR VALVES

Metallic Material Ferrous

Non Ferrous

Non Metallic Material Elastomer

PlasticGraphite BaseAsbestos Base

mainly used for valve seals

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METALLIC MATERIAL

Ferrous Steel

Cast IronSoft Iron

Non Ferrous Nickel BaseCopper Base

Cobalt Base

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FERROUS MATERIAL

Steel Carbon Content

not more than 1.7%not less than 0.008%

Cast Iron Carbon Contentmore than 1.7%

Soft Iron Carbon Contentnot more than 0.008%

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1. Forged steels

1. Close dye forging

2. Open dye forging

3. Forged bars

2. Cast Steels

1. Investment Casting

2. Sand Casting

3. Plates and Tube

not used in Valves manufacturing

STEEL: Valve material classification

1- By steel manufacturing process

Small size valves

Small size valves

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Carbon Steels

Low Alloy Steels

Stainless Steels

Duplex Steels

Nickel Alloysscope of this presentation are steelvalves only. Valves can be made inbrass, bronze, cast iron, plasticmaterials as well

STEEL: Valve material classification

2- By type

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Most common STEELS

Carbon Steel No Alloy elements

Elements to be determinedC, Mn, Si, P, S

Low Alloy Steel Alloy elements over 10%Moly, Chrome, Moly, Nickel

Stainless Steel Alloy elements over 10%Chrome, Nickel, Moly and other(Ti, Cb, V )

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CARBON STEELS

Castings Forgings Tube Plate

High TempService

A216-WCB A105 A106 A515 Gr 70

Low TempService (-

46C)A352 LCB A350 LF2 A333 A516 Gr 70

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ALLOY STEELS

Steel properties are improved by the presence of someelements, in appropriate percentage and combinations.

Chrome and Moly improve high temperature properties

Nickel and Moly improve low temperature properties

Nickel, Chrome, Moly, improve corrosion resistance, and low(cry) and high temperature properties

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ALLOY STEEL FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE

Grade (forging) Grade (cast) Composition

Max

Temperature

A182 F316 A351 CF8M 18Cr, 8Ni, 2mO 800C

A182 F5 A217 C5 5Cr, 0.5Mo 650C

A182 F11 A217 WC6 1.25Cr, 0.5Mo 595C

A182 F1 A217 WC1 0.5Mo 455C

A105 A216 WCB Carbon steel 425C

A350 LF2 A352-LCB Carbon steel 345C

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ALLOY STEEL FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE

Grade (forging) Grade (cast) Composition MinTemperature

A182 F316 A351 CF8M 18Cr, 8Ni, 2mO -196C

A350 LF3 A352 LC3 3Ni -101C

NO EQ A352 LC2 2Ni -73C

NO EQ A352 LC1 0.5Mo -59C

A350 LF2 A352-LCB Carbon steel -46C

A105 A216 WCB Carbon steel -29C

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CORROSION RESISTANCE MATERIALS

Martensitic Steels (13Cr, 13Cr4Ni) : Aisi 410, F6, F6NM

Ferritic Steels (17Cr) : Aisi 430

Precipitation Hardening Steels : (17Cr, 4Ni) : 17-4PH

Austenit ic Steels : Ais i 304, 316, 321, 347

Duplex (austeno-ferritic) Steels : F51, F53, F55

Nickel Base Alloys : Incoloy, Inconel, Hastelloy

Copper Base Alloys : Monel

Cobalt Base Alloys : Stellite

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AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Forging Casting Grade Composition

A182-F304 A351-CF8 304 18Cr, 8Ni

A182-F316 A351-CF8M 316 18Cr, 10Ni, 2Mo

A182-F304L A351-CF3 304L 18Cr, 8Ni Low Carbon

A182-F316L A351-CF3M 316L 18Cr, 8Ni, 2Mo Low Carbon

A182-F321 321 18Cr, 10Ni, Ti

A182-F347 A351-CF8C 347 18Cr, 10Ni, Cb

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DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

It has been the usual practice to select the austenitic st/st(traditional 300 series) to solve corrosion problems.

Yet, it is recognised that they are inherently low strengthmaterial, and can suffer from pitting and crevice corrosion in

the presence of chloride ions, and also are prone to stresscorrosion cracking in the chloride environments.

Duplex Stainless Steel are being used extensively because oftheir unique combination of mechanical and corrosion resistance

properties: they achieve their combination of properties byhaving a two phase microstructure consisting of laths ofaustenite in a ferritic matrix.

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ADVANTAGES OF DUPLEX STEELS

strength substantially higher than that of austenitic steel,

while still retaining good toughness level

improved resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion

good resistance to corrosion in acids good resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking

good resistance to sensitisation during welding

reasonable price level

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DUPLEX ST/ST GRADES

Forging UNS Denomination Composition

A182 F51 UNS S31803 2205 22Cr 5Ni 3Mo +N

A182 F53 UNS S32750 2507 25Cr 7Ni 4Mo +N

A182 F55 UNS S32760 Zeron 100 25Cr 7Ni 3Mo +N +Cu

UNS S32550 Ferralium 255 25Cr 5Ni 2Mo +N +Cu

UNS J93370 CD4MCu 25Cr 5Ni 2Mo +Cu

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NICKEL ALLOYS

Numerous hostile environments make the grades of stainless

steel inadequate to fulfil the severe requirements of the serviceconditions.

A wide range of Nickel Alloys can solve a large variety of

problems caused by corrosive media and extreme temperature. Most common Nickel Alloys used in the valve components are

the following :

- inconel 600 and 625

- incoloy 800 and 825

- hastelloy C276, B, B2

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NICKEL ALLOY TYPES

Inconel 625 ( Inco) is a nickel-chromium-moly alloy suitable fromcryogenic (-196C) to elevated temperatures (+1100C),resistant to many corrosives, and immune to chloride-ion stress

corrosion cracking, crevice corrosion, and pitting.

Incoloy 825 ( Inco) is a nickel-chromium-moly-copper alloy able

to resist oxidising and reducing acids, with excellent resistance tochloride-ion stress corrosion cracking, pitting and intergranularattack in the critical sensitisation range.

Hastelloy C276 ( Haynes) is a nickel-chromium-moly-tungstenalloy, immune to chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking, crevicecorrosion, and pitting. Also suitable for high temperature.

OMB Valves

Inconel 625 60Ni-22Cr-9Mo-3.5Cb N06625 B564-N06625 A494-CW-6MC

Incoloy 825 42Ni-21.5Cr-3Mo-2.3Cu N08825 B425-N08825 A494-CU5MCuC

Hastelloy C-276 54Ni-15Cr-16Mo N10276 B564-N10276* A494-CW-2M

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NICKEL/COPPER ALLOYS

Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy resistant to corrosion by seawater,sulphuric, hydrochloric and phosphoric acids, ammonium sulphate, andis excellent in caustic applications.

Monel K500 is a nickel-copper age-hardenable alloy, combining thecorrosion resistance of Monel 400 with increased mechanical strength.(Frequently used as a bolting material and in HF Acid applications).

OMB Valves

Monel 400 67Ni-30Cu N04400 B564-N04400 A494-M35-1

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COPPER BASE ALLOY

Copper + Tin = Bronze

Copper + Al = Al Bronze

Copper + Al + Ni = Al/Ni Bronze

Copper + Ni = Cupronickel

Copper + Zinc = Brass

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COBALT BASE ALLOYS

Material used for sealing parts, due to their good resistance towear, corrosion, and temperature.

Most common grades are the following : Stellite 6 ( Deloro) 26Cr + 5W in cobalt matrix

Stellite 3 ( Deloro) 30Cr + 13W in cobalt matrix

Stellite 12 ( Deloro) 29Cr + 9W in cobalt matrix

UNS R30006 Co Cr-A

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Material acc. To NACE MR 01.75

Nace MR 01.75 is a Standard Recommended Practice for Sulfide Stress

Cracking Resistant Metallic Material for Oilfield Equipment.

The standard applies to the components exposed to sour environmentsand gives the requirements for resistance to SSC.

The standard gives definition of sour environments (fluids containingwater and hydrogen sulfide) causing SSC of susceptible material.

The standard gives the list of accepted material.

Edition 2003 of the standard and subsequest 2004 ISO equivalent standrs introduced limitation of the useof Stainless Steels in High Temperature appliocations giving Nitronic 50 / Alloy 718 as alternative

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