olu awoyin lecture 2013
TRANSCRIPT
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THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF
ENGINEERS,IKEJABRANCH
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ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS
PANACEA TO NIGERIAN ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
Engr. Ayo Fanimokun, FNSE, FNIMechE
National Chairman, Nigerian Institution of Mechanical Engineers
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DEFINITIONEntrepreneurship involves the nexusof two phenomena: Presence of
lucrative opportunities and presence
of enterprising individual. It can be
defined as an activity that involves
the discovery, evaluation, and
exploitation of opportunities tointroduce new goods and services;
ways of organising, market, process
and raw materials through
organising efforts that previously notexisted. (A. A. Refaat, 2009)
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The Entrepreneur is the Originatoror Creator of a profit seeking organ
of the Society or Economic
Organization established for the
purpose of providing goods and
services for the consumption of the
Society, in which such organization
is located. The Entrepreneur is oftenreferred to as the agent of Economic,
Technological and Social systems
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ENGINEERING
The term Engineering derives from the
word Engineer used in the 1300s for aperson who operated a military engine or
machine such as a catapult or, later, a
cannon. The word Engine in turn derivesfrom the Latin ingenium for ingenuity or
cleverness and invention.
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ENGINEERING
Engineering is the field or discipline,
practice, profession and art that relates to
the development, acquisition andapplication of Technical, Scientific and
Mathematical knowledge about the
understanding, design, development,invention, innovation and use of
materials, machines, structures, systems
and processes for specific purposes. (Tony
Marjoram and Yixin Zhong, )
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THE ENGINEERS.
People who are qualified in or practiceEngineering are described as Engineers.
The Engineering Profession, as with other
Professions, is a vocation or occupation based
upon specialized education and training, asproviders of Professional advice and services.
Other features that define occupations as
Professions are the establishment of training andUniversities, Schools and Departments, National
and International Organizations, Accreditation
and Licensing, Ethics and Codes of Professional
practice.
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WHAT ENGINEERS CAN DO OR ARE
DOING?
The Engineer track is typically aimed at those
who will:
use a combination of general and specialist
Engineering knowledge and understanding to
optimize the application of existing and
emerging Technology;
apply appropriate theoretical and practical
methods to the analysis and solution ofEngineering problems;
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WHAT ENGINEERS CAN DO OR ARE
DOING?
The Engineer track is typically aimed at those
who will:
provide Technical, Commercial and
Managerial leadership;
undertake the management of high levels of
risk associated with Engineering processes,
Systems, Equipment, and Infrastructure; and
perform activities that are essentiallyintellectual in nature,
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DEFINITION OF ECONOMICS
Scottish philosopher Adam Smith (1776) definedwhat was then called Political Economy as "aninquiry into the nature and causes of the wealthof nations"
Alfred Marshall provides a still widely cited
definition in his textbook Principles of Economics(1890) that extends analysis beyond wealth andfrom the societal to the microeconomic level:
Economics is a study of man in the ordinary
business of life. It enquires how he gets hisincome and how he uses it. Thus, it is on the oneside, the study of wealth and on the other andmore important side, a part of the study of man.
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THREE ASPECTS OF ECONOMICACTIVITIES
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1.
Profession
This is an occupation carried on by specializedindividuals and groups e.g. Engineers,
Lawyers, Pharmacists, Accountants, etc. They
provide services in return for fees. Often
Professionals go through certain path, througheducation, trainings, accreditations etc
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THREE ASPECTS OF ECONOMICACTIVITIES
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2.
EmploymentThis is a type of occupation by which an
individual offers his services, either mentally
or physically in exchange for wages or salaries.
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THREE ASPECTS OF ECONOMICACTIVITIES
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ENGINEERS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
In the beginning, Engineers are mainly
identified with Agriculture, Constructions,Industrial Revolution, Mechanization,
Urbanization, etc. However, Engineers of
the 21st
century have more responsibilityas their works found great uses in
medicines, communication, energy,
environment, water supply, etc
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According to a UNESCO report, the tasks
confronting Engineers of the twenty-first centuryare:
1. Engineering the world to avert an environmental
crisis caused in part by earlier generations in terms
of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and theircontribution to climate change, and
2. Engineering the large proportion of the worlds
increasing population out of poverty, and the
associated problems encapsulated by the UNMillennium Development Goals.
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ENGINEERS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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We are faced with two prong challenges of
contributing our skills to global development aswell as contributing to global poverty reduction.
The Engineer of 21st century therefore must bear
in mind that his services as well as his
entrepreneurial skill is needed by the society toenjoy robust economic development.
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ENGINEERS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES WHERE
ENGINEERS ARE VERY ACTIVE
Energy Supply
Poverty reduction
Manufacturing
Environmental protection
Water and Irrigation
Agriculture
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL AND
VISION 20:2020
The United Nations proposed these prong actions
toward tackling global challenges which are Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Promote Gender Equality and empower women Reduce Child Mortality
Improve Maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS and other diseases Ensure Environmental sustainability
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As if taking a cue, the Nigerian Government on
its part formulated an ambitious Vision 20:2020
in which is hinged on transforming Nigerian into
the group of Top 20 economies in the world by theyear 2020?
The Nigerian Vision 20:2020 received variouscontributions from all sectors of the economy
including Engineering.
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL AND
VISION 20:2020
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So far, it is clear to all that the Nation can only truly
join the great economies when it develop its
technology base and also ensure strong local economy.
The UN have released another document A New
Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform
Economies through Sustainable Development which
contain new and far reaching proposal for completely
ending extreme poverty by 2030. The paper calls for
ambitious and universal agenda to build on the
success of the MDGs and promotes sustainabledevelopment.
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL AND
VISION 20:2020
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DEVELOPMENT INDEX
Development are measured in many ways stable governance structures
functioning civil society,
Freedom from persecution, conflict andcorruption.
Wealth and prosperity.
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However, a nation with all of these without
improved standard of living of its people is
deemed to have failed. Technology acquisition
also plays a huge role in determining the level of
development of a nation; mostly measured in
positive ways. Most importantly the localbusiness sector must be active.
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DEVELOPMENT INDEX
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TWO TYPES OF ENGINEERS
There are two types of Engineers in today economy
What-do-do Engineers
How-to-do- Engineers
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While most Engineers have their core
competency, which is the areas of their
specializations, not all of them can translate this
into economic activities on their own. They
perform creditably in any Engineering activity
they undertake but cannot function properly asEntrepreneurs.
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TWO TYPES OF ENGINEERS
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ENTREPRENEURIAL ENGINEERING
Entrepreneurial Engineering can be defined as
the set of functions required to fill the front end
of the design-produce-service pipeline with
innovative technologies and technology-based
products and services capable of providing
significant growth, profitability, and sustainable
competitive advantage. (Mark Polczynski, and
Stanley Jaskolski, 2005)
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ENTREPRENEURIAL ENGINEERING
Entrepreneurial Engineering can be considered a
subset of the more general field of
Entrepreneurship. While including the basicskills and knowledge required for successful
Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Engineering
focuses primarily on generating technology-based
opportunities and the particular challenges of
effectively identifying, acquiring, developing, and
transferring Technology into viable new products
and services.
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How-to-do Engineers employ their professional
skills to create enterprising ventures when
opportunities arise. They mobilize their resources
and skills toward profitable ventures.
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ENTREPRENEURIAL ENGINEERING
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ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURS
CASE STUDY: STEVEN L. REID
Steven L. Reid founded Industrial EnvironmentalSystems in Marietta, Georgia, in 2001. After a
20-year career with an Engineering firm inAtlanta, serving as Engineering Manager and
Chief Operating Officer, Reid still felt unfulfilledbecause he was not in a position to make
important, strategic decisions for the company.As a result, he followed his entrepreneurial
yearning to start his own companya contractmanufacturer of stacks, ductwork, pollution
control, and noise control systemswhere he(happily) calls all the shots every day.
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During an interview with Mark Crawford who is anindependent writer, he was asked Does being
Entrepreneurial make you a better Engineer?He replied:
Key aspects to being Entrepreneurial are vision andopportunity. Being Entrepreneurial allows an
Engineer to be more strategic in a project or in anorganization. This means he or she can wear differenthats and contribute in multiple ways. Being involved
at multiple, cross-disciplinary levels can give anEngineer a broader perspective on the end result of theproject, sometimes resulting in Engineering insights
and decisions that improve the final product.
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ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURS
CASE STUDY: STEVEN L. REID
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Although an Entrepreneur is generally defined as
an individual, a group or an organization can
also be Entrepreneurial. Just as an individual
can add other disciplines to his/her technical
base, groups can do the same. When individuals
of different skills come together and collaborate topursue a common goal, the team can be
Entrepreneurial.
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ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURS
CASE STUDY: STEVEN L. REID
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This is also a good time to be an Entrepreneur.
With the globalization of business and the
uncertain economy, there are plenty of
opportunities to evaluate and pursue. So, the
global economy, with its chaos and disarray, is
actually a target-rich environment forTechnology-based Entrepreneurs. Recognizing
and vetting these opportunities, often within
constrained timeframes, are challenges more
easily handled by Entrepreneurial Engineers.
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ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURS
CASE STUDY: STEVEN L. REID
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OPPORTUNITIES IN ENGINEERING
Renewable energy
Aviation
Environmental Engineering
Chemical and Petrochemical Constructions and infrastructure delivery
Manufacturing
Research and Development
Automotive and Automobile industries Computers and Software
Oil and Gas
Education
Advocacy and Policy Recycling Business
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ARE ENGINEERS SUITABLE FOR
ENTREPRENEURSHIP?
Being a good Engineer does not make you
automatically good for business.
Successful Business Executives and
Entrepreneurs are not the same thing as most
people think.
There are people who worked with Corporations
and Establishments and rose to the top but fallflat when they venture into entrepreneurial
world.
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ARE ENGINEERS SUITABLE FOR
ENTREPRENEURSHIP?
And there are people who have to resign from
their lowly paid job as Company Executives to
make massive success when they venture into
the world of entrepreneurship.
Therefore, Engineers must not make the mistake
of assuming that all they need to become
successful in entrepreneurial ventures is theirskills or position at their paid job.
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LEONARDO DAVINCI
Consider probably one of the most creative
Engineers in history: Leonardo Da Vinci; A man
who conceived of solar power, crank mechanisms,
steam cannon, the double hull, calculators and somuch more. He was someone who brought
Engineering alongside emotional insight,
technique and creativity to his paintings.
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LEONARDO DAVINCI
For Da Vinci was a man for puzzles not problems.
A puzzle is something that we consider for its
own sake and the pleasure of the solution comesfrom solving it. A problem relates to state of
affairs which needs altering. Da Vinci did not
want to improve communication betweenFlorence and Rome and go ahead and create low-
cost rapid mule travel. He wondered what it
would take for man to fly.
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CHALLENGES FACING THE NATION
Challenges facing the Nation
Massive Unemployment and underemployment
Low productivity
Becoming a dumping ground for Foreign products
Increasing population
General Inclination to consume rather than
produce
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It may be that many Engineers are happier as puzzle-rather than problem-solvers.
An Entrepreneur, on the other hand, may need to be able
to put something down because it is too absorbing and geton to fix the state of affairs - or commercial and social
opportunity.
A great idea does not equal an entrepreneurialbreakthrough; companies have died on the back of greatideas that were misconceived as commercial opportunities.
There are two sorts of thinking here. Sometimes they exist inone person such as Dyson. More often they are best achieved
by creating open dialogue between the puzzler and theproblem solver.(Steve Carter is a senior partner of Apter
Development)
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CHALLENGES FACING THE NATION
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LESSONS FROMASIA
In 1960s, South Korea is head to head with manyAfrican countries on economic level: The GDP of
South Korea was inferior to that Senegal or
Mozanbique. But today, the Korea is among the
top economies in the world. The country has nooil or diamond as in many Africal countries like
Nigeria. By extension, China, Taiwan, Japan,
Singapore, and even India all have gone through
growth paths from which we can draw a lot of
lessons.
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GLOBAL STATISTICS
In Japan, Factories with less than 20 employees
account for up to 87.3% of total number of factories,
20.1% of total workforce, and 12.6% of the totalnational output.
Also, the Indian economy has its greatness in the
proper attention paid to engineering
entrepreneurship
Engineering Population: Strong performingeconomies, e.g. India, China, Malaysia, Turkey and
South Korea, etc. have one thing in common, i.e. a
commitment to Engineering.
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World Development Report 2005 and 2002 OECD submittedthat a strong Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) baseis necessary for development.
The lesson that we have learnt from the Asian countries isthat effective entrepreneurial education, training anddevelopment are the only sure path to National EconomicDevelopment. Also, there is need for massive engineering andmanufacturing activities to enhance Local Direct Investment,LDI and economic growth.
Nigeria can trend this path through the collaborative andinteractive efforts of the Educational Institutions, theGovernment, Business organisations and their relevant social
institution listed above. The end results will be mass turnoutof creative agents of development- the Entrepreneurs. Theproducts of the interactive model will be Technologists,Innovators, Scientists, Engineers, Accountants, Technicianswho are Entrepreneurs in their own rights.
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SKILLS NEEDED TO BECOME SUCCESSFUL
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SKILLS NEEDED TO BECOME SUCCESSFUL
ENTREPRENEUR
Learn to see the big picture
Have Hunger for success:
Courage:
Functional competency:
Prioritization and tradeoffs: Motivational skill:.
Decision makers:
Initiative
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ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IS
THE WAY OUT
With the manufacturing sectors seriously
stressed and the nation producing more
graduates than its civil services and
manufacturing can absorb, the country will have
to turn to her Entrepreneur Engineers to make
things happen. Since Engineers are naturally problem solvers
and can bring something out of nothing, three
prong action steps are expected to achieve our
goal of nurturing Engineering Entrepreneurs andencouraging them to bring their ideas to life.
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Governments must create the right environment, and insome cases even intervene directly, to encourage localEngineer Entrepreneur grow.
Professional Associations must gear up toward developingtheir members. NSE and her Institutions/Divisions must allcome up with plans, CPD and activities aim at encouragingEntrepreneur Engineers nationwide.
Engineers themselves must begin to recognize their roles innation building. They must not be content at just getting thework done and moving on. They must constantly developthemselves and recognise the dynamic change in the society
and that increasing responsibilities are given to them in the21st century.
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IT IS IN THE HANDS OF ENGINEERS
Working towards the UN MDGs therefore requiresEngineers to become involved. (UNESCO reports) Thecritical role of underpinning infrastructure for development
was stated by Calestous Juma (Chair of the UN Science,Technology and Innovation Task Force):
At least three key factors contributed to the rapid economictransformation of emerging economies. First, they investedheavily in basic infrastructure, which served as afoundation for technological learning. Second, theynurtured the development of small and medium-sizedenterprises, which required the development of localoperational, repair and maintenance expertise. Third, their
Governments supported, funded and nurtured highereducational institutions, academies of engineering andtechnological sciences, professional engineering andtechnological associations, and industrial and tradeassociations.
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JOHN BOYD, PRESIDENT, INTERNATIONAL
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, ,
FEDERATION OF CONSULTING ENGINEERS
STATES
Issues of sustainable development, poverty reduction
and climate change are fundamentally engineering
issues. We have to learn to broaden our design briefbeyond the traditional objectives of schedule, cost and
conventional scope. We have to learn to include
broader societal necessities such as minimizing water,
energy and materials use, respecting human andcultural rights, and looking out for health and safety,
not only within the work but also in its impacts. This
is a challenge that needs true engineering innovation.
Leadership in this issue requires us to go beyond ourcomfort zone, to engage in the debates of our society,
and to stand up for values regardless of their
popularity.
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G O P CAETS 2008
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GERARD VAN OORTMERSSEN, PRESIDENT CAETS, 2008,
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OFACADEMIES OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES ON HIS PART OPINE:
Prosperity and Economic Development are not distributedequally over the worldOur society is facing problems,
which, to some degree, have been caused by developmentsfor which Engineers are responsible: the depletion ofnatural resources, environmental problems and climatechange. Talented Engineers are needed to provide solutionsfor these problems through greater efficiency in production
processes and transportation systems, new sustainableenergy sources, more efficient use of materials; the recoveryof materials from waste... the list is long.
There is growing demand for Engineering talent from agrowing and developing global population. Engineers,more and more, have to be aware of the social andenvironmental impacts of Technology, and have to work incomplex teams, interacting and cooperating with society. .
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ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS
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PANACEA TO NIGERIAN DEVELOPMENT
With population rising at a frightening pace, massiveurbanization, globalization and increasing stress on localmanufacturing sector, the nation face serious crisis in future
unless it wakes up her Entrepreneurs and encourage idle onesto get to work.
Many potential Engineering Entrepreneurs are idle becausethey either have no incentives or resources to start. As we look
at the future of this great nation, we must begin to key in theEngineers in the Plan and Development programmes. Wemust begin to understand the need to build human capitalbase for engineering and encourage them to contribute intoEconomic activities and National Development.
A publication on Young engineer website noted that:
Today, it is true to say that virtually every aspect of our dailylives is enabled or aided in some way by Engineers. Engineersmake things happen, they turn ideas into real products andthey provide the solutions to lifes everyday practical problems.
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C
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Engineers cannot continue to blame other
professions for their lack of jobs or lack of Economic
activities, our Profession has prepared us to assumegreater roles as we combine our technical capability
with Entrepreneurial prowess
Engineers must get familiar with Policy and Politics.
While political participation is not compulsory or the
way out in itself, we must never let loose of the focus
on the way we are being governed. And our voice
must not be so loud in our silence. It is time we
begin to speak out
Engineers to take advantage of local content Bill in
the industry
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Engineers must take CPD very seriously no mattertheir years of experiences. They can attend executivetrainings organised by NSE and herInstitutions/Divisions periodically
Engineers should look into partnerships where theycould not individually raise the funds needed
Think Global, Act Local: we must consider ourselves
as a member of the global community, encourageourselves to raise our competency level to the level ofour counterparts in other part of the world, yet, wemust equally adapt our initiatives and idea to suit ourlocal need. Let us start where we are.
Get familiar with the economy and expand yourknowledge base
Read widely, update yourself!
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Melvin J. Evan must be talking to Nigerian
Engineers when he once said
The men who build the future are those who
know that greater things are yet to come and that
they themselves can help bring it about. Their
minds are illuminated by blazing sun of hope,and the never get time to doubt.
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I will conclude this in the word of Alvin Toffler,
The Illiterate of the twenty-first century will not
be those who cannot read and write, but thosewho cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.
Thank you!
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END
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References/Bibliography
Engineering for Changing World: A road Map to the future of Engineering
Practices, Research and Education, The Millennium Project, University ofMichigan.
Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth, Sander Wennekers and RoyThurik
The Necessity of Engineering Entrepreneurship Education for DevelopingEconomies, A. A. Rafaat.
Are Engineers good entrepreneurs?, Interview with Steve Carter. Engineering Economy-The pathway to Entrepreneurship in engineering, A.
Putilov
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A PROPOSALFOR EVANGELISTIC AGENDAO.J.K Ogundele and James .O. Abiola
(Entrepreneurial Engineering Education Mark Polczynski and StanleyJaskolski)
Engineering: Issues Challenges and opportunities for Development (UNESCOReports 2003)
Lessons from Asian Tigers, Dr.Robert Adjaye
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