I WILLScout my fIeLdS.

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The Big Three Oklahoma’s Major ThreatsITALIAN RYEGRASS

I will walk my rows, and I will stand my ground. I will take action against herbicide-resistant weeds. I will scout my fields and field borders, ditches and waterways. I will scout them early and often. I’ll be here when weeds emerge. And I’ll be back after I spray. I will track down escapees and late emergers. I will take action before weeds take over.

Now is the time to take action against herbicide-resistant weeds. Visit www.TakeActionOnWeeds.com to learn how you can prevent herbicide-resistant weeds from spreading

Name: Lolium multiflorum

Growth: Winter annual

ThreaTs:

• Resistancehasdevelopedtomanyofthecommonlyusedherbicides

• Canmoveviacontaminatedwheatandcovercropseed

Weaknesses:

• Poorwinterhardiness

• Seednormallypersistontheplantwithoutfallingtotheground

KOchIA

Name: Kochia scoparia

Growth: Shallow germination;

early-season and extended

germination

ThreaTs:

• Highseedproducer;tumbleweed seeddispersal

• Droughttolerant;salttolerant

Weaknesses:

• Poorcompetitorinwet,humidenvironments

• Shortseedlife

hORSEWEEd

Name: Conyza canadensis

AKA: Marestail, Canada Fleabane

Growth: Emerges from late March

through June and from late summer

through late fall

ThreaTs:

• Upto200,000seedsperweed

• Approximately80percentofseedswillgerminaterightofftheplant

• Windblownseedsdisperseeasilyacrossgreatdistances

Weaknesses:

• Doesn’ttoleratesoildisturbance,suchasdeeptillage

• Doesn’ttolerateshadingfromcropcanopy

I WILLKnoW my WeedS.

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I will take action against herbicide-resistant weeds.

I will know my weeds. When they grow, when they pollinate, and I will stop them before they go to seed.

I will know their strengths, and I will exploit their weaknesses.

Troublesome weeds won’t go down without a fight. Neither will I. Because it’s worth the trouble.

Now is the time to take action against herbicide-resistant weeds. Visit www.TakeActionOnWeeds.com to learn about the most troublesome weeds.

1. What should Oklahoma farmers be doing to manage herbicide-resistant weeds?

Farmersshoulddiversifytheirfarm.Someexamplesincludealternatingcrops

andthetypesofweed-controlpracticestheyuse.Usingbothchemicaland

nonchemicalweedcontrols,suchastimelytillage,startingclean,maintaining

appropriatepHandfertilizer,cangivecropsthecompetitiveedgeagainst

thoseweeds.

2. When should farmers scout fields?

Theearlypartoftheseasonismostimportantforweedcontrol.Farmersneedtobeoutscoutingfieldsbetween

burndownandplanting.Also,afterherbicideapplications,farmersshouldbescoutingatatimewhenthatherbicide

shouldhavebeeneffective.Thiswillallowfarmerstodetermineifanyweedssurvivedtheapplication,whichwillgive

themagoodindicatoroniftheymissedsomethingbecausetheequipmentwasn’tsetupproperlyortheherbicidewas

noteffective.

3. Is it too late for farmers to get started on a prevention plan?

It’snevertoolatetostartimplementing.Iffarmersdon’t

haveaplan,it’simportantforthemtotalkwiththeirstate

specialistandcountyextensioneducators,whohaveaccess

toadditionalinformationthatcanhelpfarmersimplement

theirplans.

4. What will herbicide-resistant weeds cost farmers?

Herbicide-resistantweedswillcostfarmerstheiryields,and

eventually,somepiecesofpropertywon’tbefarmable.

The Big Three: Oklahoma’s Major Threats

Angela Post, Ph.d. | extension weed specialist, Oklahoma State University

Pictured is a soybean field heavily infested with glyphosate-resistant marestail.

For more information and links to additional resources, visit www.TakeActionOnWeeds.com. Technical editing for this insert was led by Angela Post, Ph. D., Oklahoma State University, in partnership with other universities in the soybean-growing regions of the United States.

Developed with funding from the soy checkoff.

Take Action is supported by BASF; Bayer; DuPont; Dow; Monsanto; Syngenta; and corn, cotton, sorghum, soy and wheat organizations. The United Soybean Board neither recommends nor discourages the implementation of any advice contained herein, and is not liable for the use or misuse of the information provided. ©2014 United Soybean Board.