1. The Age of OilThis powerpoint covers oil, urbanization,the reform movement, and WWI.

2. Oil Background 1866 Melrose Petrolium Oil Company drilled thefirst successful oil well. 1894 Oil was found in Corsicana, TX. Althoughthere wasnt much demand for oil at that time,more people begin drilling in East Texas.Railroads began using oil for fuel in the 1880s. 3. In Beaumont, TX near Spindletop Hill, AnthonyLucas hits the largest reserve of oil the world hadever seen on January 10th, 1901. The Spindletop Discovery began the first of many oilbooms in Texas. 4. Led to the creation of Texaco, Gulf, and Mobileoil companies. By the 1920s, Texas was one of the worldsleading oil producers. 5. Beaumont, TxLocated at the red dot Spindletop Gusher 6. Oil Boom after Spindletop Population, new industries, and economy grewquickly. The search for oil expanded into East, Central,and North Texas. Boomtowns started around successful oil wells. Howard Hughes invents the rotary drill bit, whichcan break through rock ten times faster thanformer bits. Houston, Midland, Corpus Christi, andBeaumont have many oil companies. The increase in cars and trucks caused thegovernment to improve roads and build 7. Galveston , TX In the late 1800s, Galveston was a major city witharound 38,000 people. The city stands along theGulf of Mexico, making it a major center of trade inTexas. Galveston was only 8 to 10 feet above sea level. 8. Hurricane of 1900 September 8, 1900, the city of Galveston wasdevastated by a hurricane. Estimated 6,000 to8,000 killed. 3, 636 homes destroyed. To avoid a repeat of this tragedy, residents pumpedin sand from the floor of the Gulf of Mexico toincrease Galvestons elevation. A 17-kilometer seawall was built to protect againstfuture storms. 9. Picture of Hurricane and SeaWall 10. Houston Ship Channel Houston Ship Channel Built in 1914, itconnected Houston with the Gulf of Mexico toimprove the economy of Houston. Since then ithas been widen and deepened. Environmental results: an increase in pollution,collisions, explosions, and oil spills. 11. Womens Suffrage In the 1900s, women were becoming more involvedin politics. 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. The Texas Equal Suffrage Association supported thepassage of this amendment. 12. Prohibition A national movement to ban the manufacture, sale,transportation, or use of alcoholic beverages. believed it would reduce crime, poverty, and familyviolence. organizations led the temperance (avoidance ofalcohol) movement. The United Friends ofTemperance and the Baptist General Convention ofTexas spoke against the use of alcohol. 13. Populists and Labor Unions Populism Nationwide movement of rural citizenswho had not benefited from urbanization The peoples Party (or Populist Party) consisted offarmers, ranchers, and farm workers. They wantedthe government to protect the interests of commonpeople. Grange Patrons of Husbandry farming group thatpushed for cooperation in business, happier homelives, and better educational opportunities. Texas Farmers Union (TFU) This was organized in1902 after the fall of the Populist party. The TFU was active in agricultural and rural publicpolicies. 14. What led to reform? More Texans moved from rural (country) to urban(city) areas to find jobs. New Industries oil and gas. Also, newtechnology in agriculture and ranching. Transportation - Railroads, cars trucks, roads,highways 15. African Americans and Reform Many African Americans were not included in thereform movement. 1902 Poll Tax African Americans and poor whitescouldnt afford it, therefore, couldnt vote. 1910 Jim Crow Laws. Railroad cars, waterfountains, restrooms, schools, restaurants, etc. weresegregated (separated by race). 16. Germans anger Americans In 1917 Zimmerman (a German secretary) sent a telegram to the Mexican government letting Mexico know if they helped Germany in the war, Germany would grant Mexico all the land the U.S. had taken from them in the mid to late 1800s 17. Zimmerman Telegram 18. Germans anger Americans Lusitania: A British ocean liner the Germansbelieved to be carrying weapons for the Britishnavy. The Germans sunk the passenger shipkilling 128 Americans In April 1917 Congress declared war onGermany 19. Texass Contributions Nearly 198,000 Texans served in the armed forces,including 450 female nurses Edward M. House This Texas man was a closeadvisor to president Wilson regarding foreign affairsand peace negotiations with Europe during the war. Four major military camps were set up CampBowie in Ft. Worth, Camp Travis in San Antonio,Camp Logan in Houston, Camp MacArthur in Waco. 20. U.S. and the Great War Many civilians bought War bonds (a low-interestloan by civilians to the government. Alsocalled Liberty Bonds). The oil industry began to boom because of thedemand for gasoline for tanks, jeeps, and planes. 21. U.S. and the Great War Women rolled bandages and worked in factoriesto make important wartime products Families cut back on food in order to support thewar effort. This is called rationing.