oil information - uv...oil information (2005 edition) - i.3 international energy agency 1....

I N T E R N AT I O N A L E N E R G Y A G E N C Y

I E A S T A T I S T I C S

OIL INFORMATION

DONNÉESSUR LE PÉTROLE

2005

iv - OIL INFORMATION (2005 Edition)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS

1. Introduction ................................................... I.3 2. Recent Data Revisions .................................. I.5 3. General Definitions ....................................... I.7 4. Sources and Notes ....................................... I.13 5. Country Notes ............................................. I.17 6. Geographical Coverage ............................... I.27 7. Abbreviations and Conversion Factors ....... I.29

PART II: WORLD OIL DEVELOPMENTS

OECD Energy Consumption, Oil Demand and Economic Indicators ................................... II.3

OECD CO2 Emissions.......................................... II.8 World Oil Demand by Country ............................ II.9 World Demand by Main Product Group ............ II.11 World Demand by Product (kb/d) ...................... II.17 OECD Consumption of Unleaded Gasoline....... II.23 OECD Consumption of Fuel Oil According

to Sulphur Content........................................... II.25 World Crude Oil and NGL Production .............. II.26 World Refinery Output....................................... II.28 World Oil Ports .................................................. II.30 Existing Oil Tanker Fleet ................................... II.43 Tanker Single Voyage Freight Rates.................. II.44 World Trade of Crude and Products................... II.45 IEA Oil Prices, Crude Imports, and Oil

Products .......................................................... II.53 Graphs ................................................................ II.61

PART III: DETAILED OECD OIL DATA

OECD Total.........................................................III.3 OECD North America .......................................III.18 OECD Pacific....................................................III.33 OECD Europe ...................................................III.48 IEA Total...........................................................III.63 European Union - 15 .........................................III.78 Australia ............................................................III.93 Austria .............................................................III.108 Belgium ...........................................................III.123

Canada ............................................................ III.138 Czech Republic............................................... III.153 Denmark ......................................................... III.168 Finland............................................................ III.183 France ............................................................. III.198 Germany ......................................................... III.213 Greece............................................................. III.228 Hungary .......................................................... III.243 Iceland ............................................................ III.258 Ireland............................................................. III.269 Italy ................................................................ III.284 Japan............................................................... III.299 Korea .............................................................. III.314 Luxembourg.................................................... III.329 Mexico............................................................ III.342 Netherlands..................................................... III.357 New Zealand................................................... III.372 Norway ........................................................... III.387 Poland............................................................. III.402 Portugal .......................................................... III.417 Slovak Republic.............................................. III.432 Spain............................................................... III.447 Sweden ........................................................... III.462 Switzerland ..................................................... III.477 Turkey............................................................. III.492 United Kingdom ............................................. III.507 United States................................................... III.522

PART IV: OECD HISTORICAL SERIES

Production .......................................................... IV.2 Net Imports ......................................................... IV.8 Refinery Input................................................... IV.17 Gross Refinery Output...................................... IV.20 Gross Consumption by Product........................ IV.23 Transformation Sector ...................................... IV.44 Energy Sector ................................................... IV.47 Final Consumption ........................................... IV.50 Consumption in the Transport Sector ............... IV.53 Consumption in the Industry Sector ................. IV.56 Consumption in the Other Sectors.................... IV.59

OIL INFORMATION (2005 Edition) - v


TABLE DES MATIERES

PARTIE I : SOURCES ET DEFINITIONS

1. Introduction ................................................. I.33 2. Révisions les plus récentes des données...... I.35 3. Définitions générales................................... I.37 4. Sources et notes........................................... I.45 5. Notes concernant les pays ........................... I.51 6. Couverture géographique ............................ I.61 7. Abréviations et facteurs de conversion........ I.63

PARTIE II : TENDANCES DU MARCHE MONDIAL DU PETROLE

Consommation énergétique, demande de pétrole et indicateurs économiques de l'OCDE ............. II.3

Emissions CO2 des pays de l’OCDE.................... II.8 Demande mondiale de pétrole par principaux

pays et par régions ............................................. II.9 Demande mondiale par principaux groupes

de produits raffinés .......................................... II.11 Demande mondiale par produit (kb/j)................. II.17 Consommation d'essence sans plomb

de l’OCDE ....................................................... II.23 Consommation de fuel-oil selon la teneur

en soufre de l’OCDE ....................................... II.25 Production mondiale de pétrole brut et LGN ..... II.26 Production mondiale de raffinerie ...................... II.28 Ports pétroliers dans le monde............................ II.30 Flotte de pétroliers existante............................... II.43 Tarifs d’affrètement des pétroliers au voyage .... II.44 Echanges mondiaux de pétrole........................... II.45 Prix AIE du pétrole brut et des produits

pétroliers .......................................................... II.53 Graphiques ......................................................... II.61

PARTIE III : DONNEES DETAILLEES SUR LE PETROLE DANS LES PAYS DE L'OCDE

OCDE Total.........................................................III.3 OCDE Amérique du Nord.................................III.18 OCDE Pacifique................................................III.33 OCDE Europe ...................................................III.48 Total AIE...........................................................III.63 Union Européenne - 15......................................III.78 Allemagne .......................................................III.213

Australie ........................................................... III.93 Autriche .......................................................... III.108 Belgique.......................................................... III.123 Canada ............................................................ III.138 Corée .............................................................. III.314 Danemark ....................................................... III.168 Espagne .......................................................... III.447 Etats-Unis ....................................................... III.522 Finlande .......................................................... III.183 France ............................................................. III.198 Grèce .............................................................. III.228 Hongrie ........................................................... III.243 Irlande............................................................. III.269 Islande............................................................. III.258 Italie ................................................................ III.284 Japon............................................................... III.299 Luxembourg.................................................... III.329 Mexique.......................................................... III.342 Norvège .......................................................... III.387 Nouvelle-Zélande ........................................... III.372 Pays-Bas ......................................................... III.357 Pologne........................................................... III.402 Portugal .......................................................... III.417 République Slovaque...................................... III.432 République Tchèque....................................... III.153 Royaume-Uni.................................................. III.507 Suède .............................................................. III.462 Suisse.............................................................. III.477 Turquie ........................................................... III.492

PARTIE IV : SERIES HISTORIQUES DES PAYS DE L’OCDE

Production .......................................................... IV.2 Importations nettes.............................................. IV.8 Entrées en raffinerie.......................................... IV.17 Production brute des raffineries........................ IV.20 Consommation totale brute par produit ............ IV.23 Secteur transformation...................................... IV.44 Secteur énergie ................................................. IV.47 Consommation finale........................................ IV.50 Consommation du secteur transport ................. IV.53 Consommation du secteur industrie.................. IV.56 Consommation des autres secteurs ................... IV.59

OIL INFORMATION (2005 Edition) - I.1


PART I

SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS

PREMIERE PARTIE

SOURCES ET DEFINITIONS



1. INTRODUCTION The Oil Information 2005 is the latest edition of a publication that has been produced annually since 1989.

Part II, World Oil Developments, provides summary tables of world oil market developments, with time series back to 1971.

Part III, Detailed OECD Oil Data, provides in tabu-lar form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand and end-use consumption for the OECD by region and individual countries.

Part IV, Historical Series shows time series of major oil flows for all years beginning in 1975 and ending in 2004, where data are available.

Note that the references to OECD in this publication include the 30 Member countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ice-land, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Statistics for OECD countries are based on data submissions from national administrations to the Secretariat. Statistics up to 2003 are from the An-nual Oil Statistics (AOS) database, while oil data for 2004 are mainly based on the Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics (MOS) database. These monthly oil data, submitted by member governments, are historically lower than the annual statistics as they exclude de-mand for certain products (e.g. petroleum coke in certain countries). To arrive at a comparable time

series between AOS and MOS data, the 2004 monthly data are adjusted upwards for under-reporting. Data for 2004 may therefore differ from similar statistics published in the publication Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics (MOS data). Please see notes related to individual countries for more information on data sources and estimations.

All data for Parts III and IV and selected informa-tion from Part II are available on CD-ROM.

In addition, a data service is available on the inter-net. It includes unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility to obtain data on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at http:\\www.iea.org.

Annual oil data are collected by the Energy Statis-tics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. Ms. Cintia Gávay is cur-rently responsible for the annual oil data for OECD countries. Ms. Susan Stolarow and Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve contributed their desk-top publishing and secretarial support. Ms. Mieke Reece has over-all responsibility for this publication.

Enquiries about data or methodology in this publica-tion should be addressed to:

Mrs. Mieke Reece Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency, OECD 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 PARIS Cedex 15 France

Fax: (33 1) 40.57.66.49 Internet: [email protected]



2. RECENT DATA REVISIONS

2.1 OECD Data The IEA Secretariat finalised processing the latest submissions of energy statistics from OECD Mem-ber countries on 31 March 2005 (covering the pe-riod 1960 - 2003). These data were subsequently published in IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries 2002 - 2003 and in IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2002 - 2003.

Oil supply and demand data for all OECD countries are available for years 1971-2003. For 2004, only supply data are available; end-use consumption data usually lag one to two years.

In addition, supply and demand data are available for years 1960-1970, with the following exceptions:

• Czech Republic 1971 onwards • Hungary 1965 onwards • Korea 1970 onwards • Mexico 1971 onwards • Slovak Republic 1971 onwards

As a result, regional totals will not be calculated for years 1960-1970, inclusive.

2.2 Non-OECD Data

Data for non-OECD countries are primarily from IEA's database on World Energy Statistics. The da-tabase covers supply and demand for all forms of energy for over 100 non-OECD countries for the period 1971 to 2003. The data have been collected from national statistical publications and through collaboration with other international organisations and the energy industry. Non-OECD data for 2003 in Part II of Oil Information 2005 are provisional. The complete and final results obtained from this work will be published in the annual IEA publica-tions Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries 2002-2003 and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries 2002-2003.



3. GENERAL DEFINITIONS

3.1. Product Definitions

Inputs to refineries

Crude Oil

Crude oil is a mineral oil of natural origin compris-ing a mixture of hydrocarbons and associated impu-rities, such as sulphur. It exists in the liquid phase under normal surface temperature and pressure and its physical characteristics (density, viscosity, etc.) are highly variable. This category includes field or lease condensate recovered from associated and non-associated gas where it is commingled with the commercial crude oil stream.

Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)

NGL are liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from natural gas in separation facilities or gas proc-essing plants. Natural gas liquids include ethane, propane, butane (normal and iso-), (iso) pentane and pentanes plus (sometimes referred to as natural gasoline or plant condensate).

Refinery Feedstocks

A refinery feedstock is a processed oil destined for further processing (e.g. straight run fuel oil or vac-uum gas oil) excluding blending. With further proc-essing, it will be transformed into one or more com-ponents and/or finished products. This definition includes returns from the petrochemical industry to the refining industry (e.g. pyrolysis gasoline, C4 fractions, gasoil and fuel oil fractions).

Other Hydrocarbons (than crude oil and NGL)

This category includes synthetic crude oil from tar sands, oil shale, etc., liquids from coal liquefaction,

hydrogen and emulsified oils (e.g. orimulsion). Al-though not hydrocarbons, additives are also in-cluded. Additives are added to or blended with a product to modify fuel properties (octane, cetane, cold properties, etc.) e.g. alcohols (methanol, etha-nol), ethers (such as MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether), ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether), TAME (tertiary amyl methyl ether) or esters (e.g. rapeseed or dimethylester, etc.) and chemical compounds (such as TML (tetramethyl lead) or TEL (tetraethyl lead)) and detergents.

Outputs from refineries

Refinery Gas (not liquefied)

Refinery gas includes a mixture of non-condensable gases mainly consisting of hydrogen, methane, eth-ane and olefins obtained during distillation of crude oil or treatment of oil products (e.g. cracking) in refineries. This also includes gases which are re-turned from the petrochemical industry.

Ethane

A naturally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C2H6), extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)

LPG is light saturated paraffinic hydrocarbons derived from the refinery processes, crude oil stabi-lisation and natural gas processing plants. They con-sist mainly of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4Hl0) or a combination of the two. They are normally liquefied under pressure for transportation and storage.

I.8 - OIL INFORMATION (2005 Edition)


Naphtha

Naphtha is a feedstock destined for the petrochemi-cal industry (e.g. ethylene manufacture or aromatics production). Naphtha comprises material in the 30oC and 2l0oC distillation range or part of this range.

Motor Gasoline

Motor gasoline consists of a mixture of light hydro-carbons distilling between 35oC and 215oC. It is used as a fuel for land based spark ignition engines. Motor gasoline may include additives, oxygenates and octane enhancers, including lead compounds such as TEL (tetraethyl lead) and TML (tetramethyl lead).

- Unleaded Motor Gasoline: motor gasoline where lead compounds have not been added to enhance octane rating. It may contain traces of organic lead.

- Leaded Motor Gasoline: motor gasoline with TEL (tetraethyl lead) and/or TML (tetramethyl lead) added to enhance octane rating.

This category includes motor gasoline blending components (excluding additives/oxygenates), e.g. alkylates, isomerate, reformate, cracked gasoline destined for use as finished motor gasoline.

Aviation Gasoline

This is motor spirit prepared especially for aviation piston engines, with an octane number suited to the engine, a freezing point of -60oC and a distillation range usually within the limits of 30oC and 180oC.

Gasoline Type Jet Fuel (Naphtha Type Jet Fuel or JP4)

This includes all light hydrocarbon oils for use in aviation turbine power units, distilling between 100oC and 250oC. They are obtained by blending kerosenes and gasoline or naphthas in such a way that the aromatic content does not exceed 25% in volume, and the vapour pressure is between 13.7kPa and 20.6kPa.

Kerosene Type Jet Fuel

This is a distillate used for aviation turbine power units. It has the same distillation characteristics be-

tween 150oC and 300oC (generally not above 250oC) and flash point as kerosene. In addition, it has par-ticular specifications (such as freezing point) which are established by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

Other Kerosene

Kerosene comprises refined petroleum distillate and is used in sectors other than aircraft transport. It dis-tils between 150oC and 300oC.

Gas/Diesel Oil (Distillate Fuel Oil)

Gas/diesel oil is primarily a medium distillate distill-ing between 180ºC and 380ºC. Several grades are available depending on uses: diesel oil for diesel compression ignition (cars, trucks, marine, etc.); light heating oil for industrial and commercial uses; other gas oil including heavy gas oils which distil between 380oC and 540oC and which are used as petrochemical feedstocks.

Fuel Oil

This covers all residual (heavy) fuel oils (including those obtained by blending). Kinematic viscosity is above 10 cSt at 80ºC. The flash point is always above 50oC and density is always more than 0.90 kg/l.

- Low-sulphur content: Heavy fuel oil with sul-phur content lower than 1%.

- High-sulphur content: Heavy fuel oil with sul-phur content of 1% or higher.

White Spirit and SBP

White Spirit and SBP are defined as refined distil-late intermediates with a distillation in the naph-tha/kerosene range. They are sub-divided as:

i. Industrial Spirit (SBP): Light oils distilling be-tween 30oC and 200oC. There are 7 or 8 grades of industrial spirit, depending on the position of the cut in the distillation range. The grades are defined according to the temperature difference between the 5% volume and 90% volume distil-lation points (which is not more than 60oC).

ii. White Spirit: Industrial spirit with a flash point above 30oC. The distillation range of white spirit is 135oC to 200oC.



Lubricants

Lubricants are hydrocarbons produced from distil-late or residue; they are mainly used to reduce fric-tion between bearing surfaces. This category in-cludes all finished grades of lubricating oil, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases, including motor oils and all grades of lubricating oil-based stocks.

Bitumen

Bitumen is a solid, semi-solid or viscous hydrocar-bon with a colloidal structure, being brown to black in colour, obtained as a residue in the distillation of crude oil, by vacuum distillation of oil residues from atmospheric distillation. Bitumen is often referred to as asphalt and is primarily used for construction of roads and for roofing material. This category in-cludes fluidized and cut-back bitumen.

Paraffin Waxes

These are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. These waxes are residues extracted when dewaxing lubri-cant oils. They have a crystalline structure which is more-or-less fine according to the grade. Their main characteristics are as follows: they are colourless, odourless and translucent, with a melting point above 45oC.

Petroleum Coke

Petroleum coke is a black solid residue, obtained mainly by cracking and carbonising residue feed-stock, tar and pitches in processes such as delayed coking or fluid coking. It consists mainly of carbon (90 to 95%) and has a low ash content. It is used as a feedstock in coke ovens for the steel industry, for heating purposes, for electrode manufacture and for production of chemicals. The two most important qualities are “green coke” and “calcinated coke.” This category also includes “catalyst coke” depos-ited on the catalyst during refining processes; this coke is not recoverable and is usually burned as re-finery fuel.

Other Products

All products not specifically mentioned above, for example: tar and sulphur. This category also in-cludes aromatics (e.g. BTX or benzene, toluene and xylene) and olefins (e.g. propylene) produced within refineries.

3.2. Definitions of Supply and Consumption Items

Please note that a major change in the reporting of the petrochemical flows took place a few years ago. Quantities of oil delivered to the petrochemical in-dustry are reported in two sectors; the transforma-tion and industry sectors. The quantities of oil deliv-ered to the petrochemical industry which are re-turned to refineries are reported in the transforma-tion sector, subdivision ‘Petrochemical Industry’. The amounts reported in the industry sector, ‘Chemical (incl. Petrochemical)’ are the net con-sumption of this industry (i.e. gross deliveries re-duced by the amounts of backflow).

Indigenous Production

This includes all production within national bounda-ries, including offshore production. Production in-cludes only marketable production, and excludes volumes returned to formation. Such production concerns all crude oil, NGL, condensates and other hydrocarbons (including the receipts of additives).

Backflows

Backflows cover cracking residues and other prod-ucts from the chemical and petrochemical industries, which are returned to refineries and used as feed-stocks. Transfers from one refinery to another within the country are not included.

Direct Use

Quantities of crude oil or NGL which are used di-rectly without being processed in refineries, for ex-ample crude oil used for electricity generation.

Refinery Intake

This is defined as the total amount of inputs to refin-ery processes. It covers crude oil, NGL, feedstocks and hydrocarbons of origin other than crude oil and NGL.

Refinery Output (Gross)

This is the production of finished products at a re-finery or blending plant. This category excludes refinery losses, but includes refinery fuel.



Transfers

These are finished products which have been reclas-sified and re-entered for use in a refinery without having been delivered to final consumers. This heading also covers transfers between products which are reclassified after blending, for example transfers between kerosene type jet fuel and kerosene.

Primary Product Receipts

Covers indigenous or imported crude oil and NGL which are used directly without being processed in an oil refinery (for example crude oil used for elec-tricity generation in Japan). See Direct Use, above.

Recycled Products

These are finished products which are returned through the refining and/or the marketing network after delivery to final consumers (for example used lubricants which are reprocessed).

International Marine Bunkers

Bunkers cover the quantities of fuels delivered to sea-going ships of all flags, including warships. Consumption by ships engaged in transport in inland and coastal waters is not included (see Transport Sector, below).

Imports and Exports

Amounts are regarded as imported or exported when they have crossed the political boundaries of the country, whether customs clearance has taken place or not. Quantities of crude oil imported or exported under processing agreements (i.e. refining on ac-count) are included. Quantities of oil in transit are excluded. Imports of refinery feedstocks include imported finished products destined for blending in refineries (see refinery feedstocks under product definitions). The import origin of crude oil and NGL is the country of production while for finished prod-ucts, it is the country of last consignment.

Please note that due to time differences in recording imports and exports (voyage time, delays, re-routing, trans-shipment), the reported exports by one country may not equal the imports reported by importing countries. Additionally, due to differences in product classification, particularly regarding refinery feed-stocks, there may be inconsistencies between imports

and exports. As a result, total imports by the OECD regions may not equal the OECD regions’ exports.

Net Imports

Net imports are calculated to be imports minus exports.

Stock Changes

Stock changes reflect the difference between open-ing stock level at the first day of the year and closing stock level at the last day of the year of stocks held on national territory. A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock draw as a positive number.

Statistical Difference

National administrations sometimes obtain the data components of domestic availability from a variety of sources. Owing to differences in concepts, cover-age, timing and definitions, observed and calculated consumption are often not identical. This is reflected in statistical differences.

Total Consumption

This is the gross observed inland consumption (in-cluding refinery consumption for oil), before the deduction of amounts returned by the petrochemical industry (backflow).

Closing Stocks

Refer to closing stock levels, at the last day of the year, of stocks held on national territory (including government controlled stocks).

Transformation Sector

This sector comprises fuel inputs to both public and private electricity, combined heat and power plants and heat plants. An autoproducer is an industrial establishment which, in addition to its main activi-ties, generates electricity, wholly or partly for its own use. It includes railway's own production of electricity. Heat plants and combined heat and power plants only cover fuel inputs for that part of the heat which is sold to a third party. Transforma-tion sector also comprises fuels used as feedstocks in gas works, coke ovens, blast furnaces and the petrochemical industry.



Main Activity Producer (formerly public) Electricity Plants: Includes inputs of oil for the production of electricity in electricity plants whose primary purpose is to produce, transmit or distribute electricity.

Autoproducers of Electricity: Includes inputs of oil for the production of electricity by an enterprise which, in addition to its main activities, generates electricity wholly or partly for its own use, e.g. in-dustrial establishments, railways, refineries, etc.

CHP Plants: Includes inputs of oil to combined heat and power plants which generate electricity and use-ful heat in a single installation. These could be either main activity producer (formerly public) CHP plants or autoproducers. Note that for autoproducer's CHP plants, all fuel inputs for electricity production are taken into account, while for heat production, only that part of inputs to heat which is sold to outsiders (e.g. to a network) is shown. Fuel inputs for the pro-duction of heat consumed within the autoproducer's establishment are not included here. Information on inputs to and outputs from electricity and heat gen-eration in CHP and heat plants should be used with caution as a consistent separation of input fuels ac-cording to the type of energy output has not always been provided. The IEA Secretariat has undertaken a programme of estimating the missing data where possible.

Heat Plants: Includes inputs of oil to plants which are designed to produce heat only. Data are avail-able for both autoproducer and main activity pro-ducer (formely public) heat plants. Data for auto-producer heat plants represent inputs of fuel to plants which sell heat to a third party under the pro-visions of a contract.

Petrochemical Industry: Includes quantities of back-flows returned from the petrochemical sector, whether returned to refineries for further process-ing/blending or used directly. It refers to oil products only.

Energy Sector

Fuels used by energy industries for heating purposes and for operation of their equipment are reported under this heading as well as transformation and distribution losses. It includes coal mining and oil and gas extraction (all activities involved in making oil and gas marketable up to the point of shipment from the producing area) as well as transformation

industries such as electricity generating plants, gas works, coke ovens, and petroleum refineries (refin-ery fuels).

Refinery Fuel

Includes oil consumed in refineries for the operation of equipment, heating and light.

Total Final Consumption

This is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors. Backflows from the petrochemical in-dustry are not included in final consumption.

Transport Sector

This sector covers oil products to all transport activi-ties regardless of sector.

Aviation: Deliveries of aviation fuels to international aviation and to all domestic aviation, commercial, private, agricultural, military, etc. Aviation fuels used for purposes other than flying are also in-cluded, e.g. bench testing of engines, but not airline use of fuel for road vehicles.

Road: All oil products for use in road vehicles, in-cluding agricultural highway use. Excludes motor gasoline used in stationary engines, and diesel oil for use in tractors that are not for highway use (in-cluded in Agriculture).

Rail: All quantities used in rail traffic, including industrial railways.

Domestic Navigation: All deliveries to inland wa-terways and coastal shipping, including small craft, barges and those coasters which are not included in international marine bunkers.

Pipeline Transport: This is all quantities used in support of the operation of pipelines.

Industry Sector

The following industrial categories are defined with reference to their ISIC (International Standard In-dustrial Classification of All Economic Activities) division or group number. The ISIC numbers refer to series M, No4/Rev.3, United Nations, New York, 1990.

Iron and steel: ISIC group no. 271 and class 2731;

Chemical (incl. Petrochem.): ISIC division 24. Pet-rochemical industry includes cracking and reforming



processes for the purpose of producing ethylene, propylene, butylene, synthesis gas, aromatics, buta-diene and other hydrocarbon based raw materials.

Non-ferrous metals: ISIC group no. 272 and class 2732;

Non-metallic minerals: Glass, ceramic, cement and other building materials industries (ISIC division no. 26);

Transport equipment: ISIC divisions 34 and 35;

Machinery: Fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment (ISIC divisions 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32);

Mining and quarrying: ISIC divisions 13 and 14;

Food, beverages and tobacco: ISIC divisions 15 and 16;

Pulp, paper and printing: ISIC divisions 21 and 22;

Wood and wood products: ISIC division 20;

Construction: ISIC division 45;

Textiles and leather: ISIC division 17, 18 and 19;

Non-specified: Any manufacturing industry not in-cluded in the above categories (ISIC divisions 25, 33, 36 and 37).

Fuels used for production of electricity in the differ-ent industry categories (autoproducers) are included in the transformation sector.

Other Sectors

Commerce and public services: ISIC divisions 41, 50, 51, 52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.

Residential: All consumption by households (ISIC division 95).

Agriculture: This is all consumption by agriculture, fishing (ocean, coastal and inland fishing), hunting and forestry, including oil consumed by such users for traction (excluding highway use), power and heating. ISIC divisions 01, 02 and 05.

Non-specified: All activities not included elsewhere, e.g. military (except aviation).

Memo Items

Quantities reported in these categories are already included in the above-mentioned consumption sectors.

Non-energy use: This is the total of Chem./petchem. feedstocks and Other, below.

Chem./petchem. feedstocks: Concerns feedstocks for non-energy use in the chemical and petrochemical industry.

Other: Petroleum products used for non-energy pur-poses in all other sectors. This is usually the case for all consumption of lubricants, bitumen, white spirit and paraffin waxes. Petroleum coke is shown as non-energy use only when there is evidence of such use (for example in non-ferrous metals industry sector).



4. SOURCES AND NOTES

4.1 Part II

Sources

The annual historical data in Parts III and IV are from the IEA/OECD energy statistics databases. Please see sections 4.2 and 4.3 for further informa-tion. Data for 2003 and 2004 are subject to revisions as final annual statistics become available.

Annual Oil Statistics (AOS): This database covers annual data for crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstock and other hydrocarbons, as well as petroleum prod-ucts for OECD countries. They include data on de-tailed supply/demand balances, final consumption by end-use, trade by origin and destination and stock levels and changes, all submitted by national ad-ministrations in questionnaires to the Secretariat.

Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics (MOS): The MOS database is compatible with the AOS database with the exception of the detailed breakdown of lubri-cants, bitumen, paraffin waxes and other products as well as final consumption data by end-use categories which are not available in MOS. Data are collected on a monthly basis from OECD member countries in questionnaires. MOS data form the basis for the es-timates of the 2004 oil supply elements of OECD countries.

Statistics up to 2003 are from the Annual Oil Statis-tics (AOS) database, while oil data for 2004 are mainly based on the Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics (MOS) database. These monthly oil data, submitted by member governments, are historically lower than the annual statistics as they exclude demand for cer-tain products (e.g. petroleum coke in certain coun-tries). To arrive at a comparable time series between AOS and MOS data, the 2004 monthly data are ad-justed upwards for the under-reporting. Data for

2004 may therefore differ from similar statistics published in the publication Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics (MOS data).

Energy Balances: These are annual statistics that integrate data from the IEA/OECD oil, natural gas, coal, electricity and renewables databases to provide a summary of energy supply and demand in a com-mon unit (millions of tonnes of oil equivalent) for each OECD country on an annual basis.

CO2 Emissions: CO2 emissions are calculated from the IEA Energy Balances, using the default IPCC methodology and emission factors as described in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

Energy Statistics and Balances of Non-OECD Countries: The database covers supply and demand balances for all forms of energy for over 100 non-OECD countries on an annual basis.

Energy Prices and Taxes: These are quarterly sta-tistics for OECD countries and certain non-OECD countries which cover import and export prices, spot prices and end-user prices and taxes.

These data are compiled from information contained in IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes. This publi-cation provides, on a quarterly basis, detailed coun-try level data from the IEA price database on import and export prices for crude oil, steam coal, coking coal and natural gas; spot prices for crude oil, gaso-line, light fuel oil and heavy fuel oil; and end-user prices and taxes by consuming sector for oil prod-ucts, coal, natural gas and electricity.

More detailed information concerning these prices is available in the Notes on Definitions in Energy Prices and Taxes where deviations from the general principles are explained and supplementary informa-tion is given.



The Crude Oil Spot Prices1 are monthly average spot prices based on Platt's daily quotations. How-ever, prior to July 1987 for Brent and January 1985 for Dubai and WTI, the monthly average prices were calculated from the weekly averages using various published sources. All prices are first month forward supply, except Brent, which is the dated quotation for prompt physical cargoes.

The monthly Oil Product Spot Prices1 are calculated from Platt's daily quotations. However, for NW Europe (Rotterdam), the monthly prices were calcu-lated from the weekly price average using various published sources prior to April 1987 for unleaded gasoline, and January 1985 for HSFO. Prices for NW Europe and US (New York Harbour), are the average price between the high and low quote for spot purchases of oil products, barge, FOB. Singa-pore represents the cargo average price. All prices exclude end-user taxes.

End-Use Prices are collected quarterly from national administrations or other relevant bodies and sup-plemented with data from national published sources. In general, the end-use prices include 1) transport costs to the consumer; 2) prices actually paid, i.e. net of rebates; and 3) taxes which have to be paid by the consumer as part of the transaction and which are not refundable. This excludes value-added tax paid in many European countries by in-dustry for all goods and services. In these cases value-added tax is refunded to the customer, usually in the form of a tax credit. Therefore, it is not shown as part of prices.

Crude Oil Import Costs are taken from a monthly reporting system of crude oil costs established be-tween national administrations and the IEA Secre-tariat. The import costs, which are expressed as av-erage unit values (CIF) are recorded at the import stage and are the sum of cost, insurance and freight, excluding import duties.

Crude Oil Tanker Ports Data: The port data pro-vide details of ports capable of accommodating full-laden tankers of 60 000 dwt tonnes size or greater. The data, provided by SSY Consultancy & Research Ltd in London, refer to loading and discharge facili-ties which were in operation as at April 2005, or which were scheduled to enter service by mid-2005.

1. Source: Based on Platt’s unless otherwise specified. Copyright ©2005, Platt’s, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. No reproduction without prior written permission from Platt’s. All rights reserved.

Ports are categorised as load (L), discharge (D) or as having both (B) facilities. At some ports, several terminals may exist for crude oil tankers; for these, the facility listed is the one at which the largest ves-sel can be berthed. In selected cases, though, more than one entry has been provided for particular ports to reflect, for example, the presence of two signifi-cant refineries at such locations.

Partial discharge of cargo onto a smaller vessel via ship-to-ship transfer (i.e. "lightering") is a common practice in many parts of the world, especially in the United States. This enables ports which lack deep-water facilities to receive cargoes that have been shipped in tankers far larger than would be able to berth directly at the discharge quays available. In some instances, the “mother ship” will be lightered “to extinction”, meaning that all cargo is offloaded onto smaller “daughter vessels”; in others, only some of the mother ship’s cargo will be offloaded, enabling it then to be accommodated in a part-laden state at the relevant port. Accordingly, partly-laden ships larger than the maximum size indicated may be able to berth at a named facility. Therefore, des-ignated lightering areas (e.g. those permitted by the US Coast Guard in the Gulf of Mexico) are included in the information shown.

NB: Apart from lightering areas, the information is not confined to conventional shore-based ports, but also includes single buoy moorings (SBMs), single point moorings (SPMs), offshore platforms, plus floating production, storage and offloading units (FPSOs).

The port tables include terminals for loading, dis-charging and trans-shipment for crude oil and con-densate cargoes, but exclude those which handle only refined products, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gases and/or chemicals in liquid bulk form.

Figures for vessel length overall LOA, beam (ex-treme breadth), draft (distance from water-line to lowest point of a vessel’s keel) and air draft (dis-tance from water-line to a ship’s highest point) are expressed in metres. Data for maximum ship size are in dead-weight (dwt) tonnes (i.e. carrying capacity of a ship, including stores, lubricating oils and wa-ter, as well as actual cargo). Information for cargo loading and discharge rates, where available, is re-ported in tonnes (metric tons) per hour.

Oil Tanker Fleet Data: This information has been supplied by SSY Consultancy & Research Ltd ([email protected]).



Tanker Freight Rates Data: Data for oil tanker freight rates are annual averages in US dollars per tonne on representative trade routes for respective sizes of ship. These correspond to the main vessel size segments within the total oil tanker fleet. Fig-ures are based on reported rates for “single voyage” charters (in which ships are employed on a spot ba-sis, e.g. to carry 260,000 tonnes of crude oil from the Middle East Gulf to Japan). Such spot business forms the basis of most chartering in the tanker mar-ket, rather than agreements under which vessels are engaged for a designated time period, such as 12 months. Rates are provided for the carriage of crude oil and refined petroleum products, according to appropriate ship size used to move these cargoes. This information has been supplied by SSY Consul-tancy & Research Ltd ([email protected]).

4.2. Part III

Annual Oil Statistics (AOS): All data are ex-tracted from the Annual Oil Statistics (AOS) data-base (see Sources and Notes for Part II). For defini-tions see [3.1] Product Definitions and [3.2] Defini-tion of Supply and Consumption Items.

Technical Note on Table 1

Indigenous production includes production of crude oil, NGL and other hydrocarbons of origin other than crude oil and NGL (see product definitions above [3.1]).

+ Net imports include imports minus exports (net imports) of crude oil, NGL, refinery feed-stocks, other hydrocarbons as well as net imports of refined petroleum products (see product definitions above [3.1]).

- International marine bunkers include refined petroleum products used by vessels of all flags (see definitions of supply and con-sumption items above [3.2]).

+ Stock changes include stock changes (positive numbers indicate stock withdrawals, nega-tive numbers indicate additions to stocks) for crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, other hydrocarbons as well as refined petro-leum products (see definitions of supply and consumption items above [3.2]).

= Total supply = sum of above

Refinery Intake2 covers inputs of crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks and other hydrocarbons to refin-eries (see definitions of supply and consumption items above [3.2]).

Refinery Output2 covers refinery production of petroleum products (see definitions of supply and consumption items above [3.2]).

- Refinery losses = refinery intake - refinery output.

+ Returns include amounts of backflow returned from the petrochemical sector. This heading also includes recycled products which are refined petroleum products previously sent to consumption and, at a later stage, re-turned to refineries (see definitions of sup-ply and consumption items above [3.2]).

- Statistical differences include statistical differ-ences and transfers of oil products (transfers between products or products returned to refineries after reclassification).

= Total consumption = total demand for oil (sum of all sector totals outlined below).

Transformation

Transformation covers oil used in the process of transformation of oil to another energy form, e.g. oil into electricity, heat, etc. (see definitions of supply and consumption items above [3.2]).

Energy

Covers consumption of oil by the energy transfor-mation industries (for heating, light and operation of equipment) as well as oil used in oil and gas extrac-tion, coal mines, pipeline losses and distribution losses (see definitions of supply and consumption items above [3.2]).

Transport

This includes all consumption in transport excluding international marine bunkers, but including lubricants, waxes, etc. used in the transport sector. Also in-cludes consumption in support of the operation of oil and gas pipelines (see definitions of supply and consumption items above [3.2]).

2. Memo items not included in balance.



Industry

This includes all industrial consumption of oil, including consumption of petrochemical feedstocks and non-fuel uses, such as consumption of lubri-cants, waxes, white spirit, bitumen, etc. Industrial consumption of oil for the production of electricity (autoproduction) is excluded (see definitions of transformation, supply and consumption [3.2], above).

Other sectors

Includes residential, commercial and public services, agriculture and other (not specified) use. Consump-tion of lubricants, waxes, white spirit, etc. are also included (see definitions of supply and consumption items above [3.2] and memo on non-energy use below).

Memo: Non-Energy Use

This is split into chem/petchem. feedstocks and other non-energy use (amounts shown in the memo are already included in transport, industry and other sectors).

Chemical/Petchem. Feedstocks

This covers petroleum products used in the chemical and petrochemical industry in processes such as cracking and reforming, for the purposes of produc-ing ethylene, propylene, butylene, synthesis gas, aromatics butadiene and other hydrocarbon-based raw materials.

Other

This includes non-fuel consumption of petroleum products such as lubricants, paraffin waxes, white spirit, bitumen and that part of petroleum coke which has not been used as a fuel.

Tables 2 to 8B

For explanations on the other tables in Part III, please refer to [3.1] Product Definitions and [3.2] Definitions of Supply and Consumption.

Footnotes to tables of Part III

Table 1: * Detailed information on this table can be found in section

4.2 in the Sources and Notes chapter. * The 2004 end use breakdown is not available.

Table 2: * “Other Hydrocarbons” refer to hydrocarbons of origin

other than crude oil and NGL (see section 3.1 in the Definitions chapter).

* Separate data for crude oil, NGL, feedstocks and other hydrocarbons are not available prior to 1978.

* Due to incomplete information, stock changes do not always correspond to the difference between closing stock levels.

Tables 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A and 6B: * Transfers include primary product receipts and backflows

to refineries (see section 3.2 in the Definitions chapter). * Due to incomplete information, stock changes do not

always correspond to the difference between closing stock levels.

Tables 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A and 6B: * The 2004 end use breakdown is not available.

Tables 5C: * Total product consumption includes crude oil and NGL

used for direct burn.

Tables 6A and 6B: * 2004 data for white spirit + SBP, lubricants, bitumen and

paraffin waxes are included in other products.

Table 7A and 8A: * Feedstocks and Other: Other refers to hydrocarbons of

origin other than crude oil and NGL (see section 3.1 in the Definitions chapter).

Table 7C and 8B: * Total gasoline includes aviation gasoline, gasoline type

jet fuel and motor gasoline. * Total kerosene includes kerosene type jet fuel and other

kerosene.

Table 7D and 8B: * Other products include white spirit + SBP, lubricants,

bitumen, paraffin waxes and other products.

4.3 Part IV

Annual Oil Statistics (AOS): All data are ex-tracted from the Annual Oil Statistics (AOS) data-base (see Sources and Notes for Part II). For defini-tions see [3.1] Product Definitions and [3.2] Defini-tion of Supply and Consumption Items.

Technical note on Tables 8 to 14: Gross consump-tion includes consumption of fuels by refineries and excludes international marine bunkers.

Table 15: Consumption in the transformation sector includes backflows from the petrochemical industry.

Table 16: Consumption in the energy sector includes refinery fuels.



5. COUNTRY NOTES Please note that as a result of revisions, data in Oil Information may differ from those published earlier in Energy Statistics of OECD Countries and Energy Balances of OECD Countries.

Oil data for 2004 are preliminary, based on Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics (MOS) unless otherwise specified. For some countries data in MOS are not fully compatible with Annual Oil Statistics (AOS), therefore MOS 2004 data have been adjusted in or-der to show consistent time series developments from 2003 to 2004.

1. Australia

All data: All data refer to fiscal years which run from 1 July to 30 June (e.g. 2004 = 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2004).

Negative refinery losses are due to differences in treatment of transfers between refineries.

Data after 1973 are based on national surveys. Prior to 1973, there are no detailed data available for autoproducers and for sub-sector industry consump-tion.

The large drop in industry consumption in 1982-83 is due to the restructuring of the iron and steel indus-try, the economic recession and one of the worst droughts in history.

Crude Oil: The drop in the production in 1999 is due to a gas explosion at Longford plant. There is a break in series for crude oil and NGL production between 2001 and 2002.

NGL: Prior to 1992, part of the NGL production is included in crude oil.

Refinery Gas: Prior to 1974, refinery gas is re-ported net of consumption in refineries.

LPG, Ethane: LPG includes ethane prior to 1991.

Lubricants, White Spirit, Paraffin Waxes: Con-sumption of lubricants, white spirit/SBP and paraf-fin waxes is reported as non-specified industry con-sumption, as no further breakdown is available.

Fuel Oil: Imports of fuel oil are estimated by the Australian administration.

There is a break in series for consumption data be-tween 2001 and 2002, due to a change in data col-lection and estimation methodology.

2. Austria

Data were revised by the Austrian Administration back to 1990 in 2005.

There are breaks in stock levels between 1989 and 1990.

The industry breakdown is based on a new survey from 1999 onwards.

Gas/Diesel Oil: For 1978 and 1979, industry con-sumption of gas/diesel oil is included with fuel oil.

Other Products: As of 1978, "other products" in-clude paraffin waxes and petroleum coke. From 1991, they include also naphtha.

Lubricants: Before 1990 consumption of lubricants is reported in the road sector as no further break-down is available.

3. Belgium

Data for non-metallic minerals, machinery, min-ing/quarrying, food/beverages, tobacco, pulp/paper/ printing and construction sectors are not available prior to 1971.



Inputs to electricity and CHP plants have been esti-mated by the Secretariat from year 1974, based on inputs reported in the Annual Electricity Question-naire.

Refinery Feedstocks: The decrease of products transferred in 1995 was due to refinery maintenance of one month.


LPG, Gas/Diesel Oil: LPG and gas/diesel oil con-sumption in the commercial/public services sector is included with the residential sector prior to 1976.

Fuel Oil: The break in series for fuel oil between 1975 and 1976 is due to a change in classification between the industrial and "other" sectors. The de-crease in industry consumption since 1993 is due to the introduction of an excise tax as well as the in-creased use of natural gas.

Other Products, Petroleum Coke: The break in series between 1999 and 2000 is due to improve-ments in the collection system.

4. Canada

Other Hydrocarbons: Indigenous production of other hydrocarbons represents synthetic crude oil produced from tar sands. Prior to 1990, hydrogen used for the upgrading of synthetic crude oil from “other sources” was included in the natural gas sup-ply. From 1990, a different methodology was adopted by the Canadian administration.

Canada imported orimulsion from Venezuela from 1994 to 2000.

International marine bunkers are included with inland waterways prior to 1978.

LPG, Ethane: LPG includes ethane prior to 1990. Ethane is mainly used as petrochemical feedstock.

Kerosene, Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil: Several breaks in series exist for detailed industrial con-sumption prior to 1980. From 1980, all consumption data are based on one survey. However, from 1988 onwards, data for transport equipment, machinery, food, and textiles are not available as Statistics Can-ada has ceased the collection of these data. Separate consumption data for agriculture (including forestry) are available from 1983 for kerosene, from 1973 for

gas/diesel oil and from 1978 for fuel oil. For previ-ous years, agriculture consumption is included with residential.

Gas/Diesel Oil: As of 1982, gas/diesel oil con-sumed by fleets in the wholesale/retail service indus-try is reported in the commerce/public services sec-tor. Prior to 1982, it was included in the road sector.

Gasoline Type Jet Fuel: Prior to 1979, gasoline type jet fuel is included with kerosene type jet fuel.

Naphtha, Other Products: Recycled products for naphtha and “other products” include purchases of feedstock and other additives from non-reporting companies.

5. Czech Republic

Data are available starting in 1971.

Consumption data prior to 1994 are estimated by the Secretariat. The Czech Administration submitted official data from 1994 onwards.

Gas/Diesel Oil: From 1999 the Czech Administra-tion has implemented a new updating system. It en-tails breaks in series for the final consumption.

Fuel Oil, Other Products: From 2002 onwards, some amounts of fuel oil have been reclassified un-der other products. This change mainly affects the transformation sector.

6. Denmark

From 1990 onwards, Greenland and Faroe Island are not included in oil data.

Other Hydrocarbons: Orimulsion imports and in-puts to electricity generation begin in 1995. Orimul-sion import stopped in 2002.


Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil: Prior to 1990, gas/diesel oil and fuel oil used for fishing is included in the inland waterways sector, while after this date it is reported in the agriculture sector.

Fuel Oil: From 1974 to 1979, consumption of fuel oil for the CHP production by autoproducers has been estimated. The marked increase in inputs to CHP production in 1994 is due to increased electric-ity exports to Norway.



All oil consumption in the commercial/public ser-vices sector is included in residential prior to 1976 except fuel oil which is shown separately in 1975.

Paraffin Waxes: As of 1987, separate data on par-affin waxes are no longer available.

Gasoline Type Jet Fuel: Consumption of gasoline type jet fuel ceased in 1988. From 1989 onwards, only kerosene type jet fuel is consumed.

Other Products: Information on recycling and end-use consumption begins in 1989, and refers to waste oil.

Data for end-use consumption may vary from year to year due to a detailed survey which is sent to companies in Denmark every other year. For non-survey years, the consumption by end-use is esti-mated by the Danish Energy Agency.

Due to better survey methods, inputs to electricity and heat generation are reclassified as of 1994. There is therefore a break in series between 1993 and 1994. The oil inputs used in industrial sectors for producing surplus of heat, which is delivered to district heating networks, are allocated to these in-dustrial sectors.

Industry sector detail for 1994 and 1995 is based on a new survey.

7. Finland

Fuel Oil: There is a break in the other sectors be-tween 1998 and 1999 due to a new calculation model.

Petroleum Coke: Data on petroleum coke are only available from 1985 onwards.

Before 2002, petroleum coke used as refinery fuel was included with refinery gas.

In 1995, there is a break in series for petroleum products trade due to the aligning of the National Board of Customs trade data collection system with the European Union's Intrastat system.

8. France

NGL: Ethylene produced in Lacq is not included in NGL from 2001 onwards.

Additives and Oxygenates: Data are available from 1991.

Petroleum Coke: The split of petroleum coke con-sumption into energy and non-energy use is not available prior to 1982. Data for non-ferrous metals is not available since 2000, hence included in non-specified industry.

LPG, Ethane: LPG includes ethane prior to 1988. Breaks in the time series for LPG consumption are due to improved data collection.

Prior to 1994, the separation of consumption of LPG by the tertiary sector between residential and com-merce/public services has been estimated by the Secretariat.

Kerosene Type Jet Fuel: The consumption in-cludes military use as of 1998.

Gas/Diesel Oil: Consumption in the non-metallic minerals sector has been reclassified as non-ferrous metals and vice-versa for years 1982 to 1994. Prior to 1985, residential sector consumption is reported under commerce/public service sector as no separate data were available.

Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil: Residential and com-merce/public services sector consumption for gas/diesel and residual fuel oil has been estimated by the Secretariat from 1985 to 1998 based on in-formation provided by the French Administration.

A different treatment of transfers was adopted from 1998. From 1998, imported petroleum products needing further refinery processing are no longer reported as refinery feedstock imports but as oil product imports and products transferred. And from 1999, due to a reallocation of some products, part of the amounts previously reported in other products is now reported in fuel oil.

For 2001 and 2002, all products transferred are re-ported with heavy fuel oil.

From 2001 onwards, a new methodology was used to report biofuels in the category additives/blending components and motor gasoline.

Breaks in sectorial breakdown of LPG and other products in consumption between 2000 and 2001 are due a result of more detailed data surveys.

Biofuels exports started in 2003 and not used for direct use anymore. Break in the time series for industrial subsectors is due to improved data collection.



9. Germany

Refinery Gas: Prior to 1970, consumption in the chemical industry is included with refineries' own consumption.

Jet Gasoline, Jet Kerosene: Beginning with 1994, there has been a reclassification of jet gasoline to jet kerosene.

Other Kerosene: Due to new information from oil companies, end-use consumption has been modified from 1994 onwards.

Gas/Diesel: In 1989, end-use consumption de-creased due to an exceptionally warm winter and a lowering of consumer stocks. In 1995, a break in the industry sectors occurs due to an alignment with the NACE classifications.

Fuel Oil: Prior to 1980, consumption in blast fur-naces was included in the iron and steel sector. From 2000, part of the product 'Andere Rückstände' (other residues) is included with fuel oil instead of other products.

Other Products: Prior to 1979, data include paraf-fin waxes, bitumen, white spirit & SBP and lubri-cants for eastern Germany.

Beginning with 1994, there is a break in series for final consumption by sub-sector due to improved survey methods instituted by Mineralölwirtschafts Verband.

Breaks in series in consumption data between 2002 and 2003 are due to structural changes in energy statistics following the newly introduced Energy Statistics law.

10. Greece

Crude Oil: Production was stopped end November 1998, and started again in December 1999.

Refinery Feedstocks: Data are only reported from 1986 onwards.

Refinery Gas: From 1990 onwards, there has been an increased use of refinery gas in electricity genera-tion, replacing fuel oil.

Fuel Oil: From 1993, more information is available on the allocation of fuel oil to specific industry sec-tors. Fuel oil consumption in the agriculture and residential sectors has been replaced by Gas/Diesel Oil starting in 1993.

Prior to 1987, consumption in the commerce/public services sector is included with residential. Peaks in residential sector consumption in 1978 and 1982 are due to unusually cold winters.

Due to changed reporting methods, more detailed end-use information has become available starting in 1996.

11. Hungary

Refinery Gas, Paraffin Waxes, Lubricants: Data prior to 1993 are partly estimated by the Secretariat.

White Spirit: Prior to 1993, white spirit is included in motor gasoline.

Fuel Oil: The breakdown between low and high sulphur is available as of 1998.

Additives, Aviation Gasoline: The data are avail-able as of 1998.

Beginning with 1993, data were officially submitted to the IEA by questionnaire.

12. Iceland

Consumption data prior to 1980 are estimated by the Secretariat.

Fuel Oil: Detailed industry sector consumption is not available prior to 1982.

13. Ireland

Gas/Diesel Oil: Gas/diesel oil consumption in the agricultural sector is available from 1986.

Other Kerosene: For the period 1970 to 1977, the split between commercial and public services and agricultural use of kerosene has been estimated by the Secretariat.

Consumption in commercial/public services in-cludes quantities used by state-owned agricultural companies.

LPG, Gas/Diesel Oil, Kerosene, Fuel Oil: End-use data collected for 1993 are based on a detailed survey conducted by a consulting company. Data for historical years back to 1990 were revised by the national administration based on the results of this survey. Due to these revisions, breaks in series will exist for years 1989 and 1990 in the end-use break-down for LPG, kerosene, gas/diesel oil and fuel oil.



The decrease in refinery output in 1996 was due to a partial refinery shutdown.

14. Italy

Aviation Fuels: The aviation fuels show breaks in series in 1988 due to a change in classification.

Gas/Diesel: Non-specified use is included in the commerce/public sector.

Inputs to electricity and heat generation have been estimated by the Secretariat for years 1984 to 1997 based on submissions of the Annual Electricity questionnaire.

All data for the years 1992 to 1997 and the detailed consumption breakdown for other years have been estimated by the Secretariat based on Bilancio Ener-getico Nazionale. Due to new surveys, breaks appear in the consumption series between 1998 and 1999.

15. Japan

As the final set of new revisions prepared by the Japanese Administration was received after the due data, these were not incorporated into this year's edition. The latest update should complement the revisions back to 1990 that were received for the 2004 edition and which concerned two main areas: better compliance with IEA methodology and a move from calendar to fiscal year. Starting in 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 2003 to March 2004 for 2003).

Crude Oil, NGL, Feedstocks, Refinery Gas, LPG, Aviation Gasoline, Motor Gasoline, Jet Gasoline, Jet Kerosene, Other Kerosene: The Japanese Administration has revised supply and de-mand data for years 1960 to 1969. The classification of fuel use between road transport and internal navi-gation changed in 1970.

Other Hydrocarbons: Other hydrocarbons com-prise sulphuric acid, clay (not white clay) and caus-tic soda.

Other Kerosene: The decrease in end-use con-sumption in 1982 was due to an exceptionally warm winter.

Petroleum Coke: Petroleum coke use in blast fur-naces series begins in 1990.

Due to improved data collection methods, breaks in series exist for several products between 1981 and

1983. Due to a change in the reporting system to ex-clude stock levels at service stations and retail stores, a break in series exists between 1981 and 1982.

Orimulsion: Imports for electricity generation be-gan in 1991.

The export and import data of oil products in 1994 and 1995 are in reported on a calendar year basis.

16. Korea


Stock levels include vessel stocks starting from 1997.

Kerosene Type Jet Fuel: The split between interna-tional civil aviation and domestic air transport has been estimated for 1990 to 1995.

Prior to 1994, data are net of backflows to the petro-chemical industry.

17. Luxembourg

Fuel Oil: Due to the introduction of an excise tax in 1994, all high-sulphur fuel oil consumption has been replaced by low-sulphur fuel oil.

The reduction in consumption of fuel oil in the iron and steel industry in the late 1970s is due to substi-tution by coal.

18. Mexico


Stock levels are available from 1999.

Because of a change in the processing of the data, you may have breaks in series between 1998 and 1999.

Inputs for autoproducer electricity and heat genera-tion are included in the industry sector.

Lubricants, Paraffin Waxes, Petroleum Coke, Other Products: End-use data for these products have been reported as non-specified industrial use as a detailed breakdown is not available.

NGL production reported in the IEA publications may be different from what is reported in the Mexi-can energy publications as the IEA includes in its oil data liquids produced in conjunction with natural gas.



19. Netherlands

Significant breaks in series between 1983 and 1984 are due to the introduction of a more comprehensive survey on end-use consumption. However, aggre-gated consumption data for transport, industry and “other” sectors are not affected.

Crude Oil: Prior to 1994, stocks held by stockhold-ing entities were not included.


Refinery Gas: Data include chemical gas from 1978. These quantities are shown as chemical indus-try consumption. Inputs to public combined heat and power generation begin in 1995.

Motor Gasoline: Data include “other light oils”.

Petroleum Coke, Other Products: Petroleum coke is included with “other products” for all years except 1960 to 1967 and 1978 to 1982.

20. New Zealand

Consumption data for 1960 to 1973 have been esti-mated by the Secretariat.

Other Hydrocarbons: Other hydrocarbons repre-sent synthetic gasoline production from natural gas. In February 1997 the production of synthetic gaso-line ceased.

Gas/Diesel Oil: Consumption in the road and rail sectors is not separately identifiable, and is reported in the non-specified transport sector.

Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil: The light fuel oil is in-cluded in residual fuel oil until 1997. As of 1998, the light fuel oil is included in gas/diesel oil.

From 2000 onwards, paraffin waxes are included with lubricants.

There is break in stock levels between 2001 and 2002 due to recent revisions. Revisions for historical years are expected to be received next year.

21. Norway

Oil production and export data reported to the IEA for 2002 to 2004 are under investigation by Statis-tics Norway. As a consequence, revisions to these data should be included in next year's edition of this publication.

Due to the availability of more detailed information, the Norwegian Administration has revised the re-porting of chemical and petrochemical energy and non-energy use beginning with 1993.

The Norwegian Administration revised stock levels for crude oil and some petroleum products. It entails breaks in stocks between 1999 and 2000.

Refinery Feedstocks: Since 1986, imports of refin-ery feedstocks are reported under the relevant petro-leum product imports.


Lubricants: Consumption of lubricants is reported in the industry sector, as no further breakdown is available.

Beginning in 1991, motor gasoline, gas/diesel and fuel oil end-use consumption data has been revised based on new information.

Gas/Diesel Oil: Quantities of gas/diesel oil for electricity generation from 1970 to 1975 have been estimated by the Secretariat. Starting in 1990, the Norwegian administration has revised the reporting of input of gas/diesel oil for autoproduced electricity on oil and gas platforms, giving rise to a break in series between 1989 and 1990. Data are now re-ported in the energy sector.

Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil: The detailed consump-tion breakdown is available from 1976.

Lubricants: For 1996, some lubricants are included with Other Products.

From 2002 onwards, NGL exports have been reclas-sified as LPG exports.

22. Poland

The stock levels are available as of 1988.

Other Hydrocarbons: From 1997, a hydrocracking complex produces hydrogen from natural gas. These amounts are reported under other sources.

Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil: Prior to 1998, inputs of gas/diesel oil and heavy fuel oil to autoproducer CHP in petroleum refineries have been included in the transformation sector.

Petroleum Coke: Supply data are available from 2003; consumption data are expected to be available in the near future.



23. Portugal

Refinery Gas: As of 1995, there is no longer any production and consumption due to a refinery clo-sure.

Gas/Diesel Oil: Consumption in industry and commercial/public services represents diesel use in the mobile fleets of these sectors.

Fuel Oil: Feedstocks use of fuel oil in the chemical industry beginning in 1984 reflects the opening of a new ammonia plant which uses fuel oil as raw material.

The consumption breakdown for lubricants, bitu-men, white spirit/SBP and paraffin waxes has been estimated by the Secretariat in 1986.

24. Slovak Republic


Naphtha: Data are not available and therefore not included in total products before 1989.

Kerosene Type Jet Fuel: Data include other kero-sene from 2001 onwards. International Civil Avia-tion includes Domestic use since 2001.

Gas/Diesel Oil: Road data includes Rail use.

Fuel Oil: Fuel oil includes both light and heavy fuel oil.

Data from 1993 were revised by the Slovak Admini-stration in 2002. There are several breaks between 1992 and 1993 and between 2000 and 2001 due to differences in methodology.

As a result of a new survey more detailed informa-tion is available starting in 2001.

25. Spain

Detailed consumption data prior to 1981 are partly estimated on the basis of national statistics covering consumption on the Spanish mainland.

Refinery Feedstocks: Data are not available in 1981.

LPG, Fuel Oil: Consumption specifications are less detailed prior to 1973.

Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil: A reclassification of the "other sector" between 1976 and 1977 has resulted in a break in series for gas/diesel oil and fuel oil.

Petroleum Coke: From 1982 onwards, there are more detailed consumption data available for petro-leum coke.

Backflows have been estimated by the Secretariat for 1996.

A change in the reporting system in mid-1996 has resulted in some breaks in series between 1996 and 1997.

The consumption breakdown has been estimated by the Secretariat for 2002 and 2003.

26. Sweden

Additives, Refinery Gas, Ethane: Data are avail-able from 2000 for additives, from 2003 for refinery gas, and from 2001 for ethane.

Other Kerosene: Consumption in the road sector is discontinued in 1984 due to product re-classification.

Gas/Diesel Oil: There is a break in stocks between 1999 and 2000.

Fuel Oil: Due to more detailed reporting, there are breaks in consumption series between 1985 and 1986.

Swedish stock data include peacetime crisis stocks. Since these stocks may be held in crude oil instead of oil products, there may be occurrences of nega-tive stock levels for products.

Beginning in 1995, Sweden has changed its standard classification of industry sectors.

Beginning in 2002, Sweden has changed some of the conversion factors for some products. That ex-plains the break in stocks between 2001 and 2002 as well as small breaks in series.

27. Switzerland

Refinery Feedstocks: The reduction in refinery intake in 1988 is partly due to a switch to crude oil and partly to a shutdown for maintenance of a refinery.

Naphtha: As of 1993, the refinery gross output fig-ures are net of quantities used for blending into mo-tor gasoline.

Gas/Diesel Oil: Non-specified industry (small manufacturers) consumption is estimated. The



method of reporting has been revised from 1987 to 1993. The increase in consumption in 1994 is due to consumer stock-building prior to the introduction of a value-added excise tax on heating fuels as of 1 January 1995.

Since 1 January 1996, the Swiss Administration re-vised its stock reporting.

The break between 1998 and 1999 in the final con-sumption of motor gasoline, gas/diesel oil and resid-ual fuel oil is due to a new survey being introduced in 1999.

28. Turkey

Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil: The end-use classifica-tion of gas/diesel oil and fuel oil were changed in the Turkish national statistics between 1977 and 1978. Consequently, breaks in detailed consumption series appear between these two years.

As of 1978, the commercial sector is included with industry, while public services are included with transport sector. Part of non-metallic mineral prod-ucts industry consumption is included with non-ferrous metals sector.

International marine bunkers are included in exports for the years 1978, 1980, 1981, 1983 and 1984.

Gas/diesel oil and fuel oil consumed to produce electricity are used in both oil and coal-fired plants.

Bitumen: Bitumen consumed in the transformation sector is intended for briquette production.

29. United Kingdom

Crude Oil, NGL: From 1980, NGL includes con-densates. For earlier years condensates are included with crude oil.

NGL, Refinery Feedstocks: Stock levels and stock changes are only reported separately from 1985. Prior to that they were included with crude oil.

Other Hydrocarbons: Until 1994, other sources represented bitumen produced from coal.


LPG, Fuel Oil: breaks in series for LPG, between 2000 and 2001, and for fuel oil, between 1999 and 2000, are due to the re-allocation of some data; and, for fuel oil, because of the introduction of heat pro-duction data as well.

Petroleum Coke, Other Products: Imports and exports of "other products" include petroleum coke prior to 1992. Prior to 1979, all petroleum coke data are included with "other products".

Stock levels and stock changes in main activity pro-ducer are included from 1985.

Prior to 1995, the product breakdown for returns is estimated by the UK Administration. Beginning with 1995, the UK Administration revised their product breakdown for returns and petrochemical reporting methodology.

30. United States

Prior to 1995, a detailed breakdown of oil products consumption in the industry sector is not available. However, data by industry are published for fuel oil for the period 1971 to 1982.

Crude Oil: High statistical differences for crude oil represent "Unaccounted for crude oil", the differ-ence between the supply and disposition of crude oil.

LPG: From 1995, inputs to gas works are included in the industry sector.

LPG, Ethane: LPG includes ethane and pentanes plus prior to 1990.

LPG, NGL: Imports and exports of NGL are re-ported as LPG trade prior to 1978. From 1992 on-wards, the individual components of NGL and LPG have been converted using their respective conver-sion factor rather than an average factor, resulting in a break in series.

Naphtha: The reduction in naphtha use in the chemical industry beginning in 1978 is due to a re-classification of the product.

Motor Gasoline: Beginning in 1994, consumption in the commerce/public services sector is based on a new model from the Department of Transportation.

Gas/Diesel Oil: Gas/diesel oil consumption in agri-culture prior to 1980 is estimated by the Secretariat.

Fuel Oil: International marine bunkers of fuel oil show large increase in 1990 due to a change in the data collection and reporting methodology in the US administration. The consumption breakdown be-tween low and high sulphur fuel oil has been esti-mated. Consumption breakdown for low and high sulphur fuel oil is not available from 2002 onwards.



Gas/Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil, Petroleum Coke: The inputs to autoproducers of electricity are available as of 1997. The inputs to CHP plants are available as of 1999. Before 1999, main activity producer CHP plants were included in main activity producer elec-tricity plants; autoproducers of CHP were included in autoproducers of electricity and in industry sectors.

The change in the series for transfers in 1990 and 1993 is due to new reporting methods used by the US Administration.

In 1993, the US administration made several ad-justments to its collection system for oil statistics in order to accommodate the revisions to the Clean Air Act of 1990. As a result, data for oxygenates (i.e. fuel ethanol, MTBE, etc.) are collected as of 1993.

As a result of the new Manufacturing Energy Con-sumption Survey (MECS), there are breaks in series between 1999 and 2000 for the industry sector. And again between 2000 and 2001 as the MECS percent-ages were revised due to revisions in electric co-generation.

There were significant revisions to residual fuel oil and unfinished oils for 2001 data. Primarily, the changes are a result of importers misclassifying un-finished oils as residual fuel oil.

2004 oil data estimates are based on preliminary figures from Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics and will therefore differ from the final figures for 2004 published in Quarterly Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity Statistics (2nd Quarter 2005) and subse-quent editions.



6. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Australia excludes the overseas territories.

Denmark includes Greenland and the Danish Faroes until 1989.

France includes Monaco and excludes the overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guyana, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, Mayotte.

Germany includes the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards unless otherwise indicated in a footnote. Supply, consumption and trade data from 1980 onwards have been supplied by the German administration. Data prior to 1980 include an IEA Secretariat estimate of the new federal states in the Germany total.

Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican.

Japan includes Okinawa.

The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles.

Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira.

Spain includes the Canary Islands.

Switzerland includes Liechtenstein.

United States includes the 50 States, District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and Guam.

OECD comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and the United States.

OECD North America comprises Canada, Mexico and the United States.

OECD Pacific comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand.

OECD Europe comprises OECD countries except Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the United States.

IEA comprises OECD countries except Iceland, Mexico, Poland and Slovak Republic.

European Union - 15 comprises Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom. Please note that all these countries are included for all years despite different entry dates into the European Union.

European Union - 19 comprises European Union - 15 plus four new EU members also member of OECD: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovak Republic.

Non-OECD Europe comprises Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Gibraltar, Malta, Romania, and Former Yugoslavia.

Former Yugoslavia comprises Bosnia-Herze-govina, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Slovenia.

Former USSR comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

OPEC comprises Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.

China includes People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong, China.



7. ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Abbreviations Mt Million metric tons Mtoe Million tons of oil equivalent TPES Total Primary Energy Supply kb Thousand barrels mb Million barrels

Conventional Signs - Nil x Not applicable .. Not available 0.00 Negligible (depending on the number of decimals)

Decimal Prefixes 101 deca (da) 10-1 deci (d)

102 hecto (h) 10-2 centi (c)

103 kilo (k) 10-3 milli (m)

106 mega (M) 10-6 micro (µ)

109 giga (G) 10-9 nano (n)

1012 tera (T) 10-12 pico (p)

1015 peta (P) 10-15 femto (f)

1018 exa (E) 10-18 atto (a)



General Conversion Factors for Energy

To: TJ Gcal Mtoe MBtu GWh

From: multiply by:

TJ 1 238.8 2.388 x 10-5 947.8 0.2778

Gcal 4.1868 x 10-3 1 10-7 3.968 1.163 x 10-3

Mtoe 4.1868 x 104 107 1 3.968 x 107 11630

MBtu 1.0551 x 10-3 0.252 2.52 x 10-8 1 2.931 x 10-4

GWh 3.6 860 8.6 x 10-5 3412 1

Conversion Factors for Mass

To: kg t lt st lb

From: multiply by:

kilogramme (kg) 1 0.001 9.84 x 10-4 1

oil information - uv...oil information (2005 edition) - i.3 international energy agency 1....

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