ohop tree planting-middle school
TRANSCRIPT
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The First People•The Nisqually Tribe
•“Squally-absch”, or “People of the river, People of the grass country”.
•Traditionally lived off the land and
rivers
•Salmon are important to their diet and culture.
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• Cleared local vegetation
• Farmed crops and animals
• Ditched creeks
European Settlers came….
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Modern Life….
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Our region changed…1972 1996
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How does this affect wildlife?
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Ohop Valley Restoration
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The Ohop Valley Story
Ohop Creek is the 2nd most important salmon-producing tributary of the Nisqually River.
A century ago, the creek was drained into a ditch. This was done to dry-out the valley for dairy farming.
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Restoration Activities• Re-meander stream
• Removing old buildings
• Removing invasive plants
• Replanting the large
floodplain
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Why Re-meander a stream?
Meander= to follow a winding, bending course.
A river is always changing shape due to
natural erosion processes.
Improves connection with other streams
within the floodplain
Provides temperature control
Creates different speeds of water, giving
fish rest areas instead of one fast stream
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Ohop Creek
Replanting 100 acres
along the river.
Installing 40 log jams 400
trees
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Ohop Creek
Realigning ditched channel
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Engineered Log Jams
Mimicking
Nature
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Our Purpose
Replant native vegetation to re-establish a healthy
riparian zone.
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5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon
A. Roots hold dirt, preventing erosion which can smother the redds within the stream.
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5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon
B. Large woody debris (LWD) provides pools, resting spots, feeding areas, and hiding spaces from predators.
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C. Trees provide shade, keeping stream temperatures low, a necessity for the survival of salmon.
5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon
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D. Trees provide oxygen, which is good for not only the salmon, but us too.
5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon
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Lastly…
Provide habitat for bugs, which are food for the juvenile salmon!
Trees drop leaves, which feed the base of the food chain in the stream!
5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon
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What is a Native Plant?
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Native Plants are
Native to our Bioregion!
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Red Alder Alanus rubra
Red alders can grow to be more than 120 feet tall
Have the ability to fix nitrogen, contributing to the abundance of this limited nutrient
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Oregon Ash Fraxinus latifolia
The Oregon ash is a deciduous tree that can grow over 80 feet tall and live up to 250 years
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Balsam PoplarPopulus balsamifera
Balsam poplar is a fast growing deciduous tree that can grow up to 98 feet tall.
Bees collect resin and use it to seal off intruders, such as mice, which might damage and infect the hive.
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Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis
The Sitka Spruce is an evergreen tree that can grow over 340 feet tall and is the largest species of spruce
Natives used softened pitch to patch and waterproof boats, harpoons and fishing gear.
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Pacific Crab Apple Malus fusca
Natives would cook and mash the apples
The wood is hard and somewhat flexible and was used to make tool handles, bows, wedges, and digging sticks.
The Pacific crab apple can grow up to 30 feet tall and has can look like a multi-stemmed shrub
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Red Osier Dogwood Cornus sericea
Red osier dogwood is a woody, deciduous shrub with a rounded form and can grow in thickets of up to 3-10 feet
Natives sometimes used the branches for basket rims
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Twinberry Honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata
The berries are incredibly bitter and attract birds, bears, and small mammals
Twinberry is a deciduous shrub that grows between 6-10 feet with a 6-10 feet spread
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Pacific NinebarkPhysocarpus capitatus
Pacific Ninebark is a deciduous shrub that can grow 10-15 feet
Natives would use parts of this plant for medicinal purposes
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Cascara Rhamnus purshiana
Cascara is deciduous and can grow as a shrub up to 15 feet tall or as a small tree up to 50 feet
Natives used cascara as a medicine to wash wounds and to reduce swelling
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Swamp Rose Rosa pisocarpa
Bears rose hips that attract and provide food for birds and mammals
Swamp or cluster rose is a deciduous shrub that grows in thickets up to 3-6 feet tall
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Rose spirea Spiraea douglasii
Rose spirea or hardhack is a deciduous shrub that grows in thickets of 3-12 feet
Reproduce from rhizomes (an underground stem) that allows it to grow in thickets
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Sitka willowSalix sitchensis
A large, deciduous shrub that can reach heights of 25 feet
Natives pounded the bark and applied it topically to wounds as a healing agent, ground it to a powder and mixed with cereal to make bread and used it to make rope
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Remember,
Safety First! Walk, don’t run.
Stay in sight of the group at all times.
Shovels:
Sharpened regularly, which makes them dangerous.
Never carry shovels over your shoulder.
Tip should always be pointed towards the ground, like walking sticks.