offshore platforms latest
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION Offshore structures may be used for a variety
of reasons:Oil and gas exploration Navigation aid towers Bridges and causeways Ship loading and unloading facilities
OFFSHORE PLATFORM
Left to right: onshore platform; fixed platform; jackup rig; semi-submersible; drill ship; tension leg platform.
How petroleum exploration and refining process
OFFSHORE PLATFORMS
FACTOR CONSIDERATIONS
The design and analysis of offshore platforms must be done taking into consideration many factors, including the following important parameters:
Environmental (initial transportation, and in-
place 100-year storm conditions) Soil characteristics
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) codes, and recommendations
Intensity level of consequences of failure
BASIC COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS
A hole drilled into
the earth cased with
metal tubular for
the extraction of oil
or gas or both.
Well
Wellhead
The assembly of spools,
valves, hangers & seals on
which the casing and
tubing strings are
supported. The assembly
that fits atop the wellhead
is called X-mas Tree.
Flow line
Piping that conveys
hydrocarbon fluids from
the wellhead to the
Production Manifold.
Sapura Acergy Pipe lay and Wellhead Construction, Devil Creek Development Project
Manifold
Is an arrangement of large
bore piping to where flowlines
tie-in. Each manifold handles
different pressure regimes
depending on the bottom-hole
pressure of the well.,.i.e. Low
Pressure(LP), High
Pressure(HP), Intermediate
Pressure(IP)
Separator
Is a pressure vessel,
either horizontal or
vertical, used for
separation of well
fluids into gaseous
and liquid
components(usually
oil and water).
Surge Vessel
A pressure vessel
receiving and neutralizing
sudden transient swings
or surges in the fluid
stream. Surge Vessels are
often used on systems
where fluid stream flow
by heads or “batches” due
to the presence on
entrained vapours(gas).
Crude Oil Pumps
Are pumps that convey metered
export crude oil from the production
platform to the next transit
platform, to a gathering bulk line,
or directly to an onshore crude oil
storage terminal.
These pumps are usually multi-
stage centrifugal pumps driven by
natural gas engines or by heavy-
duty electric motors.
Crude Oil Metering Skid Is a flow measurement
package with associated piping, valves and control and measurement instrumentation that measures and registers primarily the volume and density of crude oil produced and exported from a particular platform or field.
This package is normally equipped with a Meter Prover used for periodic calibration of the flow meter to ensure its accuracy.
Gas Metering Skid Is a flow measurement package with associated piping, valves and control
and measurement instrumentation that measures and registers the mass of
gas which is then converted to volume. Mass Flow Meters which are
somewhat more accurate than Orifice Meters, are used in many production
platform or onshore refineries where large volumes of gas flow are handled.
offshore platform component
TOP SIDE AND JACKETGRAVITY BASE STRUCTURE (GBS)
TOPSIDE AND JACKET
a) Topside and Jacket
A Topside is a dry structure totally above water which contains all the facilities necessary for production, processing of hydrocarbon fluids (oil and gas) as well as facilities for artificial lifting of hydrocarbons (gaslift, water injecton, gas injection..etc). A Jacket is a free-standing substructure that stands on the sea bed and supports the Topside keeping it above water. The Jacket is secured onto the seabed by piles which runs through its main tubular legs or through skirt rings attached to its legs.
Fixed Platform (Topside and Jacket)
Offshore Platform Construction Jacket Leg Installation
Topside during Load-Out and Tie-down
Topside during Tow-Out to Sea
Topside and Jacket Structure configured for Float-Over Installation
MSL
SEA BED
JACKET STRUCTURE
VOID FOR FLOATOVER OPERATION
CARGO BARGE
TOPSIDE
Topside and Jacket Structure configured for Offshore Float-Over Installation : Preparing for Float-Over Entry
Topside and Jacket Structure configured for Float-Over Installation Offshore : Entry in Progress
Topside and Jacket Structure configured for Float-Over Installation Offshore : Clearance Check to ensure no clashes in the process of Entry
Topside and Jacket Structure configured for Float-Over Installation Offshore : Setting above Jacket Legs
Topside and Jacket Structure configured for Float-Over Installation Offshore : Ballasting(Water Intake), Alignment and Touch Down
Topside and Jacket Structure configured for Float-Over Installation Offshore : Disengage Transport Frame, Further Ballasting to create clearance before tow-away.
Topside and Jacket Structure configured for Float-Over Installation Offshore : Barge Tow-Away
GRAVITY BASE STRUCTURE (GBS)
b) Gravity Base Structure (GBS)
Gravity Base Structure A Gravity Base Structure is a superstructure made of
several concrete caissons constructed of high-strength concrete reinforced with steel rods and prestressed tendons. Such design are impact-resistant against ice bergs and are suitable for North Sea environment.
A Gravity Base Structure can extend from seabed level to above seawater level, support the topside above seawater level and protect it from iceberg impacts. A Gravity Base Structure comprises a monolithic reinforced concrete caisson which includes a bottom slab which can rest on the seabed, a top slab.
Main Caissons of a Gravity Base Structure undergoing Construction
Top slab of the gravity base structure (GBS) consists of a 105.5m diameter concrete caisson, constructed using high-strength concrete,
reinforced with steel rods and pre-stressed tendons
The Topside that will later be set over the GBS
Positioning the topsides over the GBS
Tow-Out of a GBS and Topside to Sea
Gravity Base Structure (GBS)
Offshore Platform- Fixed Tower
JACK-UP STRUCTURE
JACK-UP PLATFORM
The Jack-up Platform consists of a triangular shaped (sometimes rectangular), box section barge fitted with three (sometimes four) moveable legs which enable the vessel to stand to the seabed in water depths of up to approximately 120 m (400 ft).
Jack up rig
Jack-Up Rigs - How's It Works!
TENSION LEG PLATFORMS (TLPs)
TENSION LEG PLATFORM (TLP) A Tension Leg Platform (TLP) is a
buoyant platform held in place by a mooring system.
The TLP’s are similar to conventional fixed platforms except that the platform is maintained on location through the use of moorings held in tension by the buoyancy of the hull.
The mooring system is a set of tension legs or tendons attached to the platform and connected to a template or foundation on the seafloor. The template is held in place by piles driven into the seafloor.
This method dampens the vertical motions of the platform, but allows for horizontal movements. TLPs are used in water depths from 1500 ft to 7000 ft.
TENSION LEG PLATFORM (TLP)The "conventional" TLP is a
4-column design which looks similar to a semisubmersible.
Proprietary versions include the Seastar and MOSES mini TLPs; they are relatively low cost, used in water depths between 600 and 4,300 feet (200 and 1,300 m).
Mini TLPs can also be used as utility, satellite or early production platforms for larger deepwater discoveries.
Tension Leg Platform(TLP)
TLP from Yard Fabrication to Offshore Installation
STATIONARY FLOATING SPARs
4) STATIONARY FLOATING SPARS/FLOATING PLATFORMS
Floating Platforms are either mobile or semi-mobile.
SPAR A SPAR is a single large-diameter semi-submerged
Cylinder or Caisson moored by some 6-20 taut catenary lines that are anchored to the sea bed. The Spar supports a Topside and is equipped with void tanks and ballasting chambers fitted with pumps, piping and control instrumentation that works to keep the SPAR stable and floating on water.
a. Truss Sparb. Classic Spar
Floating, Semi-Mobile Platforms (SPAR)
Spar Transportation and Installation
Two Types of Spar(Classic & Truss)
Malaysia’s first and only Spar with TAD alongside
Spar Platform from Yard Fabrication to Offshore Installation
Spar Platform as Completely Installed
Spar platform
Floating Structure
platform accident
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