Official release of

STATISTICAL STATISTICAL TOOLSTOOLS

An Overview of Common Applications in Social Sciences

Manfred te GrotenhuisTheo van der Weegen

Presentation has three parts:

- Brief history of the project (the making of Statistical Tools)

- Overview of contents (what is inside the toolbox)

- How to use Statistical Tools (teacher’s point of view)

Brief history of the project

- In 1997 I started as a PhD student to teach statistics * <50% passed the exams * Emphasis on formulas, calculations (by hand) * The book ‘ Statistics’

- In 2002 I took over several courses in Statistics * Emphasis shifted to practical applications * >85% passed while course load increased

- In 2004 the first textbook was released about SPSS * Basic course in SPSS, 15,000 copies sold

- In 2007 the second textbook was released about SPSS * SPSS using Syntax, programming in SPSS (second edition in 2009)

Brief History (continued)

- In 2008 ‘Statistiek als hulpmiddel’ was released: a result of 10 years of teaching statistics to students in the Social Sciences

- Beginning of 2009, Prof. Hans Schmeets ask for a English version

- Problem I: convince publisher (Van Gorcum) * price of the book* number of sales per year* costs for translating the book

- Problem II: time table: book had to be ready end of September (which meant that we had to deliver a ready to print manuscript end of July)!

Brief history (continued)

Plan: 1) Translation of headers, figures, tables, index by authors 2) Let PhD student do a first translation Dutch English 3) Corrections made by authors4) Corrections by native speaker5) Send manuscript to a panel of reviewers 6) Revise.

Note that steps 2 to 6 were conducted per chapter to save time!

Start end of February, finished end of July (5 months)

STATISTICAL TOOLS: Contents

CHAPTER 1: STATISTICAL DATA

1.1 Introduction1.2 Four Levels of Measurement

(nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio)1.3 Selecting Units of Analysis: Random Sampling1.4 Collecting Statistical Data

(Survey, Experiment, Observation, Secondary Data)1.5 Data Quality

(Validity, Reliability, Representativity, Missing Data)1.6 From Collecting Data to Answering Research Questions

CHAPTER 2: Descriptive Statistics

2.1 Introduction2.2 Graphical Description of a Single Variable (Bar, Pie, Histogram)2.3 Numerical Description of a Single Variable2.3.1 Measures of Central Tendency (Mode, Median, Mean) 2.3.2 Measures of Variability (Range, IQR, Outliers, variance, Std. Deviation) 2.3.3 Measures of Relative Standing (Percentiles, Z-scores, Empirical Rule)2.4 Statistical Relations between Two Variables2.4.1 Graphical Description of a Bivariate Relation(Box Plot, Scatter Plot, Line Graph)2.5 Summary

CHAPTER 3: Inferential Statistics

3.1 Introduction to Statistical Inference (Central Limit Theorem, CI, Test Hypotheses)3.2 One-Sample tests3.2.1 Test for a mean3.2.2 Test for a proportion3.3 Tests for Comparing Two Means3.3.1 Paired Samples T-test (two dependent groups)3.3.2 Two-Sample T-test (two independent groups)3.3.3 Analysis of Variance (> 2 independent groups)

CHAPTER 3: Inferential Statistics (continued)

3.4 Measures of Association for Nominal/Ordinal Variables3.4.1 Associations in Contingency Tables

Percentages3.4.2 Measures of Association for Nominal Variables

Chi-Square Test and Cramér's V3.4.3 Measures of Association for Ordinal Variables

Kendall's Rank Correlation: Tau b and Tau c Spearman's Rank Correlation

3.5 Measures of Association for Interval/Ratio Variables3.5.1 Pearson's Correlation Coefficient3.5.2 Linear Regression Analysis3.5.3 Odds Ratio

CHAPTER 3: Inferential Statistics (continued)

3.6 Multivariate Analysis (>1 indep. variable, 1 dep. var) 3.6.1 Five Different Causal Multivariate Models

Mediation Spuriousness

Partial Mediation / Partial SpuriousnessSuppressionModeration / Interaction

3.6.2 Multiple Linear Regression AnalysisModeling Interval and Ratio Predictor VariablesModeling Ordinal and Nominal Predictor VariablesLinear Regression Analysis: Assumptions

3.7 Summary

IndexNotes

How the use the Toolbox? (from a teacher’s point of view)

The Book:- Text ,Tables, Figures

- Example mean.df

- Example standard deviation.pdf

- Example tough one pdf The examples in the book were chosen from a database of examples we collected and presented during the last ten years.

The Internet:- The exercises (example internet / examples on usb)

How the use the Toolbox? (from a teacher’s point of view)

We need 11 meetings to address everything in the book (4 on descriptive statistics / 7 on inferential statistics)

- In each meeting 60 minutes are related to the text, figures and tables, and 30 minutes to the exercises

Official release of

STATISTICAL STATISTICAL TOOLSTOOLS

The EndThe EndQUESTIONS and/or REMARKS?