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Office of the National Science Advisor Office of the National Science Advisor Bureau du Conseiller national des sciencesBureau du Conseiller national des sciences
Jack Smith,
Director S&T Foresight
CRN World Care Conference
September 11, 2007
Vignettes – Foresight Vignettes – Foresight Glimpses on Selected Glimpses on Selected Dimensions of Prospective, Dimensions of Prospective,
Nano FuturesNano Futures
Foresight Disclaimer
• Foresight is a collaborative, sharing and challenging exercise;
• It involves diverse individuals and organizations doing forward research together in search of better preparedness for surprise;
• Nobody owns foresight outputs except those that actually participated;
• This presentation does not represent Canadian government policy, nor the views of the National Science Advisor of Canada
• The presenter is representing his own expertise and reporting upon the insights of those who have joined him in exploring the uncertainties associated with foresight
Current Mindsets are (Quite) Often Limited
• Heavier than air flying machines are impossible - Lord Kelvin, President Royal Society 1882
• The horse is here to stay, the automobile is a novelty - Bank Manager to Henry Ford 1908
• There is no likelihood man can ever tap the power of the atom - Robert Milliken, Nobel Prize in Physics 1923
• Who the hell wants to hear actors talk? - Henry Warner, Film Producer 1927
• There is a world market for about five computers - Thomas Watson IBM 1943
• We don’t like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out - President Decca Records, rejecting the Beatles 1962
Brockman’s List:The Next 50 Years
1. Cybersphere: information beams, portable tele-connection & ubiquitous smart networks;
2. Bio-engineering & bio-robotics, astro-biology, personal genomics & embryo simulation, artificial life models;
3. Quantum math & computing, teleportation, computational and emergent complexity;
4. Search for ETI and biophilic universes;5. Neuro-sentience & convergent cognition,
computational pharmacology,neuro-regeneration
6. Sub-terranean thermophilogy & Triphibious flexible transport
7. Nano-structural products, sensors, materials, fabrication and molecular tailoring
Business 2.0 List
1. Bio-interactive Materials - small sensing devices reside on or inside people, animals, and crops
2. Bio-fuel Production Plants - ethanol, methanol, bio-diesel, eliminating dependence on foreign oil
3. Bionics - the next-generation of sophisticated prosthetic limbs or even artificial organs
4. Cognitronics - to link the brain directly to computers
5. Genotyping - making the connection between DNA and specific physical attributes; i.e. longevity, disease.
6. Combinatorial Science - algorithms and computing to develop hypotheses by observing large amounts of data.
7. Molecular Manufacturing - the building of complex atomic structures one atom at a time
8. Quantum Nucleonics - tapping the energy of the atom for energy
Fraunhofer-Germany Long Term Tech List
1. Smart Environments – micro components, smart sensors, cyber bots;2. Man-Machine Cooperation – intuitive brain-computer links;3. Polytronics – plastics in displays, energy systems and virtual environments;4. Digital Medicine - imaging, simulations, medications via genomics, proteomics;5. Digital Logistics - automated commerce - transactions, storages, fleets; 6. Integrated Production – digital mass customized and virtual, flexible products;7. Adaptive Structures – piezo-ceramics to dampen vibration, noise, save energy; 8. Photonics Enablers- universal light controls: medicine, electronics, materials; 9. Nano-Ultra-Violet – extreme ultaviolet nano-processing radiation applications;10.Simulation and Modelling - of everything – quantum & grid computing power;11.Customized Energy – distributed, portable networks, less central power.
What is Foresight?
A set of strategic tools that support government and industry decisions with adequate lead time for societal preparation and strategic response.
• Anticipates multiple, plausible futures
• 5 – 25 year time horizon
• A rehearsal for potential futures
• Accommodates uncertainty & diversity
• Highlights emerging opportunities & threats
Foresight Tools
• Environmental Scanning• Scenario Planning• Technology Mapping
and Road-mapping• Expert Technical Panels• Robust Factor Analysis
and Strategies Development• Web Virtual Conferences• Computerized Modelling
and Dynamic Simulation
Scenario Basics
Stories With Implications
• Rich context
• Provocative diversity
• Relate to perceived needs & opportunities
• Designate some edges – choices, boundaries
• Consider also the opposites - + and -
Critical Parameters• 4-7 is best, > 10 confuses
• Plots are useful when transparent, consistently structured, concise
• Focus is critical to engage key stakeholders
• Challenges-evidence tests may be useful
• Balance of structure-free form helps ensure vibrancy
• Evocative names help recognition & thematic links
Foresight Systems Lenses
Relevance-Importance• Plausibility
• Technical feasibility
• Probability
• Convergence character
• Disruptive potential
• Relative preference
• Relative expectation
• Instant Buzz Factor
Spheres of Influence• Ecological
• Economic- Productive
• Socio-ethical
• Educational
• Geo-political
• Military-Intelligence
• Values & Culture
Effectiveness -Robustness
• Real uncertainties exposed, elaborated in different ways
• Consensus on risks leads to clear divides between positives and negatives - OR
• Strong and diverging pathways ensures issues and choices are clear with implications
• Stakeholders articulate and begin to advocate new opportunities, strategies for avoidance of threats
• Meta-insights emerge about the fundamental mission and its risk-reward systems
Environmental Scanning
• Strategic Trends: i.e. factors that shift as a result of change patterns, but we have little influence: e.g. more nuclear equipped nations; failing states proliferation;
• Critical Drivers and Uncertainties: i. e. discernible change patterns that may be amenable to stakeholder actions; e.g. global security; major S&T developments
• Possible Shocks: i.e. wild card, high impact, low probability events that alter fundamentals; e.g. 9-11; Iran as a nuclear power
Macro Shaping Trends
• Ambient Intelligence – progress toward the Singularity• Miniaturization of Technology• Globalization of Capital, Terror , Disease, Eco-environment• Anti-globalization of Biodiversity, Culture, Sustainability• De-Carbonization of Energy Economy• Harmonization - Standardization for Trade • Migration, Multi-Culturalism of Populations• Intensification, Differentiation, of Wealth• Bi-polarization of religious Values and Secular Evolution• Transformation, of Infrastructure Systems• Virtualization, Digitization & Integration of: Business-Professions,
Production, Communications, Entertainment, Education• Acceleration of Knowledge Services as Economic Driver• Proliferation of Surveillance - Security
Key Societal Change Domains
• Demographics – population shifts, immigration issues• Science & Technology – genomics, biotech,
convergence, nanotech, telecom & energy innovations• Environment – carrying capacity, global ecology,
treaties• Attitudes, Values, Beliefs – from opinion to religion to
geopolitical impacts on culture, security-terror etc.• Global Economy – interdependent markets, trade,
wealth shifts, productivity & management of innovation
• Governance & Institutions – political organization, nascent, failed and rogue states
• Evident Threats - to civilization, growth economies & infrastructure and to specific populations/segments
ONSA Foresight 2004 - 06
Canadian Foresight – ONSA Led
Challenges Results• Future fuel- technology options,
alternatives to conventional oil• Technology roadmaps for bio-fuels, hydrogen-fuel cells ,
unconventional hydrocarbons
• Technological innovation for the Canadian Health System;
• Technology maps and health commercialization advice; identified new technologies and regulatory stewardship
• S&T for public safety and all hazards Canadian security;
• Threat scenarios, S&T strategies for the DRDC – PSEPC Center for Security Science, links with USDHS, Proteus Critical Thinking Game;
• How to manage public anxieties re animal diseases and mass culls-disposal;
• Technology-communications measures for the CFIA to manage R&D and threats to public health, and strategies for proactive public anxiety reduction;
• How bio-products might factor into our future economy
• Scenarios and Canadian policy drivers for emerging bio-product markets and development paths
ONSA Connections with Global Foresight
Networks• USA National Science Advisor, Cyber Security
Task Force, National Science Foundation, National Intelligence Council, Director of National Intelligence
• UK Chief Scientist and Foresight Office
• Finland and Sweden: Finnsight 2015, Swedish Foresight Laboratory - Vinnova
• European Commission DG Research: Euro Research Area Foresight Network; Institute for Prospective Technology Studies, Framework Program 7
• NISTEP Japan; KISTEP Korea• APEC Centre for Technology Foresight , Industrial
Science and Technology and Energy Working Groups
• UN University Millennium Project • Germany Futur; France Futuris
Define Project Topic
Review Current Situation
Identify Key Lenses
Answer Challenge Questions
Identify Change Drivers
Select Critical Drivers
Identify Scenarios
Populate Each Scenario
Backcast to Present
Synthesis & Recommendations
Foresight Process Overview
Three Revolutions in Science
Nanotechnology
Systems BiologyAdvanced Computation
Strongest material known to man
100 times stronger than steel,only one-sixth the weight
Stiffness-to-weight ratio 40x higherthan that of aluminum
Electrical conductivity betterthan copper
Thermal conductivity greaterthan diamond
Hollow:gas storage, drug delivery
Water filtration
Actuationdemonstrated
Electronic Properties:Structural properties: Composites
1 nm
Carbon Nanotubes: Convergent Potentials
The best fieldemitters known
Already developedfor field emission displays, lighting
Molecular wires Semiconducting
or metallic Single-electron
transistors demonstrated Ballistic transport
(109 A/cm2) –up to 1 mA per tube!
Courtesy of Battelle - Dave Geohegan, ORNL
The Billion-Ton Vision:
Biomass Could Displace 30% or More of Our Current
Transportation Fuel Needs
Post-genomic biology offers the promise of controlled design of energy systems
Controlled Bio-Energy Convergence
Research Methodology…
Each technology/application area was evaluated by each expert panel member on three relevant dimensions:
• Commercial Potential• Technical Feasibility• Public Policy Issues
The midpoint of each team's evaluation are shown in the following 3 diagrams…
Convergent Technologies for Health and Life Sciences 2020
Anticipated Market Size
An
ticipa
ted
F
easib
ility
Convergent Technologies for Energy and the Environment
Anticipated Market Size
An
ticipa
ted
F
easib
ility
Convergent Technologies for Water, Food, and Bio-fuels 2020
Anticipated Market Size
An
ticipa
ted
F
easib
ility
Converging Technologies For Canada ?
1. "Clean Coal" technologies
2. Bio-nano-health Monitors
3. Implantable Nanoarrays for Livestock
4. "CO2 Sequestration" technologies
5. Environmental nanobiosensors
6. On-time Nano-vaccinology
7. "Biomass Biofuels" technologies
8. Medical "Tricorder"
9. Smart Agri-bio Nanoencapsulation
10. Food-tracking Nanotags
11. Directed Evolution Chips
Extreme Views of Convergence
Hope overReason
Techno-utopia Techno-dystopia
Evidence overHope
Transhumanists
Civil SocietyTechno-Skeptics
Religiousconservatives
Cautiousscientists -
Sagan, Asimov
Trends in Nanotechnology
Smart materials with nano films, structures Integration of functions and structure in membranes,
fabrics, fibers, self powered entities, biomimetic materials
New environmental leaps in performance: e.g water filtration and purification, biocidals, bioremediation and decontamination
Nano sensor networks, tracking capacities – nano-electro-mechanics (eg HVAC embedded)
Wearable personalized nano sensors with data and communications capabilities
Energy and power efficiencies improvements, battery power management
Smart dust capability for widespread human , environments surveillance
Computational devices embedded in consumer, commercial goods
Functional, programmable nanostructures for controlled drug delivery, performance of implants, protheses
New devices, building materials and fabrics that incorporate nano film solar power and are climate responsive
Trends in Biotechnology
• Control, improvements in living organisms• Bio-sensing at the micro and nano level, micro and
nano electromechanics• Integration with wireless, RFID, photonics-molecular
level cameras• Tissue engineering, artificial organs, implants and
protheses• Targeted drug delivery and use of in vitro capacities• Rapid scaleable bio-assays for molecule ID, medical
diagnosis and forensics• Personalized medicine using large data sets of patient
information, disease statistics, gene sequences and genotypes
• Genetically modified insects to counter pathogen carriers
• In silico- computer testing and comprehensive modelling for drug characteristics, side effects and receptor simulation – lab on chip
• Molecular recognition –targeted drug delivery to organs, tumours
Trends in Infotechnology &Ambient Intelligence (ICT)
Progress toward ubiquitous access and embededness; Open source collaborative tools and deeper peer- to
peer functionality; Continued migration towards device and functional
convergence; Infobased manufacturing, claytronics for distributed
fabrication; Broader object based nodes and networks so
everything can be smart and connected; Pervasive E Science and dynamic simulation and
modelling; Gaming for personal and organizational decisions,
learning; Emerging horizons for faster, exponentially more
powerful encryption, quantum information Sustained info markets growth for surveillance, sensor
networks, tracking capacities, nano-electromechanics Wearable, implantable personalized micro-nano-bio
info sensors with data and communications capabilities
Glimpses of the Nanocosm*
• Targeted delivery of nano-scale pharmaceuticals;• Nanoparticles for cancer treatment;• Smart bio-nano materials and implants;• Nanosensor determined synthetic • environments;• Nanosistors – wavicles: logic gates for
molecular DNA based computing;• Impermeable, anti corrosive nano composite coatings• Wearable polymer nano-electronics for
portable, personal bio-cogno self monitoring – computing
* Nanocosm by William Illsey Atkinson, Penguin Books Canada 2003
The Big Uncertainty
When, how and with what implications, nano level self assembly will be practical for not only new materials but new machines with new and amazing programmable capabilities
Pathways Toward Self Assembly
CRN Scenarios
1. New Arms Race: Secret Military Development
2. Positive Expectations - Evolutionary Potential
3. Molecular Anarchy & Redemption
4. Nano-Recede: Elusive Drextech
5. And Not a Drop to Drink
6. Nano-Policy Crisis
7. Breaking the Fever
8. Newshound Notebook 2018