Of Popes and Kings7.34 Demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs, including Charlemagne, Gregory VII, and Emperor Henry IV.

Objectives I can understand the power of the pope’s

and kings during the Middle Ages

So that we can understand the cooperation and conflict between the pope and king

I will know I have it when create a Venn Diagram that shows the power of the Kings and Popes

A power shiftIn early Middle Ages nobles and knights held the most power

As time went on Kings and Popes both gained powerKings – Political powerPopes – Religious Power

The Power of the PopesHead of the Christian church

Which pretty much all of Europe belonged to

Was seen as God’s representative on Earth

Decided what the church would teach If you went against the church you

would be excommunicated Cast out from the church

The Power of KingsRuled their landsControlled everything political

Tax rates Armies Land distribution Laws Created alliances

Power was passed down through family

The Holy Roman EmpireGrew out of Charlemagne’s empireEmperor could only take the

throne with the approval of the Pope Would be elected by nobles

Squabbles between the King and Nobles were settled by the Pope

Pope ProblemsWestern Europe viewed the Pope as

the head of the churchEastern Europe however never heard

from the popeThe bishops did whatever they wantedOne pope did not like this

Pope Leo IX

Pope Leo IX splits the churchWanted to bring ALL of Europe under his

controlEastern Bishops didn’t like it

Especially the Bishop of ConstantinoplePope Leo excommunicated the Bishop

People had to choose sides Pope Leo’s side became Roman Catholics Bishop of Constantinople became the Orthodox

Church

Popes and Kings ClashPopes wanted power/Kings

wanted powerThis can only be a bad thing

For example:Popes normally selected BishopsKings thought they should be

able to

Popes and Kings Clash This came to a head with Pope Gregory

VII and King Henry IV Pope Gregory did not like a Bishop chosen

by King Henry Henry tried to convince the Bishops to

remove Pope Gregory In return Pope Gregory excommunicated

Henry and convinced the Nobles to overthrow him

A desperate manKing Henry wanted to stay in power

He traveled to Italy to beg forgivenessHe stood in the snow for three days

barefoot before being allowed to see Pope Gregory

Eventually King Henry was restored to the church and throne

Concordat of WormsFinally in 1122 a new pope and

new king made a compromiseChurch officials would choose the

bishopKing would have to approve

Bishop would have to obey the King