of personal care products - rochester institute of technology · of personal care products ... lih...

Potential Hidden DangersPotential Hidden Dangers of Personal Care Products

Kate Winnebeck, Sr. Environmental Health & Safety SpecialistErica Hernandez,Marketing & Communication Program CoordinatorErica Hernandez, Marketing & Communication Program Coordinator

New York State Pollution Prevention InstituteMay 9 2012May 9, 2012

Funding provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative in the amount of $104,192 and by the NYS Pollution Prevention Institute through a grant from the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation.

Disclaimer

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions orrecommendations expressed in thispresentation and/or discussion do notnecessarily reflect the views of the NewYork State Pollution Prevention Institute(NYSP2I), the New York State Departmentof Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC),or the US Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA).


Agenda• Personal care product safety in the US• Potential EHS effects of personal care products • Ingredients of concern in personal care products – Where are they found?Where are they found?– Why are they used?– Why are they a concern?Wa s to limit o r and the en ironment’s– Ways to limit our and the environment’s exposure

• Children’s personal care product use• Ecofriendly products• Safe Cosmetics Act of 2011• Resources for more information


• Resources for more information

G i S f h ld d i l iddHow Green is Your Clean?

Are the products you use to clean your house affecting your health?

Safer Household Products

What do cookware, food storage containers, light

bulbs, and furniture have in

Hazardous Waste@Home

Ever wonder what to do with unwanted paint cans,

batteries, and

Potential Hidden Dangers of

Personal Care Products

Wh t’ ll iLearn about the household cleaning product choices you have to make your

home clean and safe for f il

common? All may affect your health and the

environment! Learn more about these and other everyday products, your ti d h t li it

pharmaceuticals? Not sure what to do with

outdatedcomputers? Protect your

family and pets by l i h t t d

What’s really in your deodorant, perfume, or makeup? How safe

are your personal care products? Learn more about the ingredients in


your family. options, and how to limityour exposure. Make better choices without sacrificing

your budget!

learning how to store and dispose of hazardous

wastefound in your home!

about the ingredients in everyday products

that can affect your health and the environment.

Areas of Concern• There are 30 areas of concern

in the US Great LakesTh l h• These are places where chemical contamination of sediments from the lakes has seriously endangered the y gquality of life for people and wildlife

• There are 6 AOCs in NYS– Buffalo River– EighteenMile Creek– Niagara River

O Ri /H b– Oswego River/Harbor– Rochester Embayment– St. Lawrence River at

Massena


"Safer Chemicals Healthy Families." Failing the Great Lakes. (2009)

Beneficial Use ImpairmentsBuffalo Area Syracuse Area Rochester Area Massena Area

Buffalo River Oswego River/Harbor Rochester Embayment St. Lawrence River

1.Restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption

h h


d f f h d


h


f f h d ldl f2.Fish tumors or other deformities

3.Degradation of aesthetics

4.Degradation of benthos5.Restriction on dredging

2.Degradation of fish and wildlife populations

3.Loss of fish and wildlife habitat

2.Eutrophication or undesirable algae

3.Restrictions on drinking water consumption, or taste and odor

4.Degradation of fish and


g gactivities


gwildlife populations

5.Beach closings6.Degradation of aesthetics

7.Bird or animal deformities or

EighteenMile Creek

1 R t i ti fi h d deformities or reproduction problems

8.Added costs to agriculture or industry

9.Degradation of benthos10.Degradation of


2.Degradation of benthos 3.Restriction on dredging activities

Niagara River phytoplankton and zooplankton populations

11.Restriction on dredging activities


Niagara River


2.Fish tumors or other deformities

3 Degradation of benthos


habitat 3.Degradation of benthos 4.Restriction on dredging activities

5.Loss of fish and wildlife habitat US EPA, Great Lakes Areas of Concern, http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/

Personal Care Products (PCPs)• Cleansing: soap, body wash, shampoo, conditioner, bubble bath, toothpaste, mouthwash, etc.

• Hair styling: spray, gel, pomade, etc.Sh i l• Shaving: cream, gel

• Moisturizing: face & body lotion• Nail: polish remover• Nail: polish, remover• Perfume, cologne, body spray, etc.• Deodorant and antiperspirantDeodorant and antiperspirant• Cosmetics: foundation, concealer, mascara, eyeshadow, eyeliner, lipstick, lip gloss, etc.


PCP Safety in the US• Personal care products & cosmetics

are regulated by the FDA• Cosmetics & ingredients are not

tested by the FDA before saleUS 11 h i l b d/li it d– US: 11 chemicals banned/limited

– Europe: 1,100 chemicals banned/limited/

• Companies responsible for ensuring the safety of products before they go t k tto market


Ingredients Prohibited & Restricted by FDA Regulations, http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/SelectedCosmeticIngredients/ucm127406.htmEurope List of Substances Prohibited in Cosmetics Products, http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.results&annex_v2=II&search

FDA Banned & Restricted Ingredients

Banned Restricted• Bithionol:may cause photo‐contact sensitization• Chlorofluorocarbon propellants: environmental concern

• Chloroform: animal carcinogenicity and likely hazard to human health

• Hexachlorophene: Because of its toxic effect and ability to penetrate human skin, may be used only when an alternative preservative has not been shown to be as effective– concentration may not exceed 0.1%

• Halogenated salicylanilides (di‐, tri‐, metabromsalan and tetrachlorosalicylanilide): may cause photocontact sensitization

• Methylene chloride: animal carcinogenicity and likely hazard to human health

y–may not be used in cosmetics that may be applied to mucous membranes, such as lips

• Mercury compounds: compounds are readily absorbed through the skin and tend to accumulate in the body They may cause allergic reactions skin• Vinyl chloride: prohibited as an ingredient of

aerosol products, because of its carcinogenicity• Zirconium‐containing complexes: use in aerosol cosmetic products is prohibited because of their toxic effect on lungs

the body. They may cause allergic reactions, skin irritation, or neurotoxic manifestations. – limited to eye area cosmetics at concentrations not exceeding 0.0065%

–permitted only if no other effective and safe • Prohibited cattle materials: to protect against bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as "mad cow disease," cosmetics may not be manufactured from, processed with, or otherwise contain, prohibited cattle materials.

preservative is available for use–all other cosmetics may contain less than 0.0001%

• Sunscreens in cosmetics. The term "sunscreen“ generally causes the product to be regulated as a drug Sunscreen ingredients may also be used in some


drug. Sunscreen ingredients may also be used in some products for nontherapeutic, nonphysiologic uses (ie, color additive or to protect the color of the product)

US FDA, Ingredients Prohibited and Restricted by FDA Regulations, http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/SelectedCosmeticIngredients/ucm127406.htm

PCP Safety in the US (cont)• FDA does not have authority to recall products containing a toxicrecall products containing a toxic chemical

• Example: Brazilian BlowoutExample: Brazilian Blowout– Salon workers & customers began complaining of breathing problems, headache, dizziness, rashes

– Investigation found formaldehydeFormaldehyde is a known carcinogen– Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen

• FDA has yet to limit formaldehyde


FDA Recall Policy for Cosmetics, http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/RecallsAlerts/ucm173559.htmBrazilian Keratin Hair Straighteners Timeline, http://www.safecosmetics.org/article.php?id=844FDA Letter to Brazilian Blowout, 8/22/11, http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/ucm270809.htm

PCP use in the US• On average, women use 12 productsuse 12 products containing 168 ingredients every dayingredients every day

• Men use 6 products h dwith 85 ingredients

• Children are exposed to an average of 61 ingredients daily


EWG (Environmental Working Group). 2004. Exposures Add Up – Survey Results. http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/research/exposures.php. EWG (Environmental Working Group). 2007. Safety Guide to Children’s Personal Care Products. http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/special/parentsguide/summary.php

Body BurdenPERFUME HAIRSPRAY

SHAMPOO

Avg number of chemicals: 250Possible side effects: mouth, throat, and eye irritation; nausea; linked to kidney damage

HAIRSPRAYAvg number of chemicals: 11Possible side effects: allergies, irritation to eyes, nose, and throat; hormone disruption

Avg number of chemicals: 15Possible side effects: irritation, possible eye damage

EYESHADOWAvg number of chemicals: 26Possible side effects: linked to cancer, infertility; hormonal disruptions and damage to

FAKE TANA b f h i l 22 disruptions and damage to

the body’s organsAvg number of chemicals: 22Possible side effects: rashes, irritation, hormonal disruption BLUSH

Avg number of chemicals: 16Possible side effects: rashesDEODORANT Possible side effects: rashes, irritation, hormonal disruption

FOUNDATIONAvg number of chemicals: 24

Avg number of chemicals: 15Possible side effects: eye, skin, and lung irritation; headache; dizziness; respiratory problems

BODY LOTION

LIPSTICKNAIL VARNISH

Avg number of chemicals: 24Possible side effects: allergies, disrupts immune system, links to cancer

BODY LOTIONAvg number of chemicals: 32Possible side effects: rashes, irritation, hormonal disruption


LIPSTICKAvg number of chemicals: 33Possible side effects: allergies, links to cancer

Avg number of chemicals: 31Possible side effects: linked to fertility issues and problems in developing babies

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/beauty/article‐1229275/Revealed‐‐515‐chemicals‐women‐bodies‐day.html

Potential Health & Environmental EffectsPersonal care product ingredients p gmay have or be linked to one or more of the following effects:CConsumer:• Irritate eyes & skin• Cause endocrine disruptionCause endocrine disruption • CancerEnvironment:• Bioaccumulation• Toxic to fish or other animals

Environment Canada, http://www.ecoinfo.org/env_ind/region/toxin_descript/toxin_description_e.cfm


Endocrine Disruption• Disruption of the endocrine system can occur in various ways

– mimic a natural hormone, fooling the body into over‐responding to the stimulus (e g a growth hormone increasesresponding to the stimulus (e.g., a growth hormone increases muscle mass), or responding at inappropriate times (e.g., producing insulin when it is not needed)

– block the effects of a hormone from certain receptors (e g– block the effects of a hormone from certain receptors (e.g. growth hormones required for normal development)

– directly stimulate or inhibit the endocrine system and cause overproduction or underproduction of hormones (e.g. anoverproduction or underproduction of hormones (e.g. an over or underactive thyroid)

• A number of chemicals have been found to disrupt the endocrine systems of animalsp yin laboratory studies

• Relationship of human effects and exposure to environmental contaminants is


scientifically controversial

US EPA What are endocrine disruptors? http://www.epa.gov/endo/pubs/edspoverview/whatare.htm

Environmental Effects

• PCPs end up in the environment when they are rinsed down the drain

• Studies have shown PCP ingredients are in our water bodies and more research is needed to determine the extent of harm they cause

• Reasons for concern:– Large quantities enter the environment after useg q– There are no municipal sewage treatment plants that

are engineered to remove PCPs from water– The risks posed are uncertain because the

concentrations are low– In 2007, over 100 different PCPs were identified in

environmental samples and drinking water


US EPA, Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Product FAQs, http://www.epa.gov/ppcp/faq.htmlUS EPA, Beaches, http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/beaches/seasons_2010_ny.cfm#duration

Cosmetics & Personal Care Products

Water Based Scented Color

N il P li h H B l d L thNail Polish pH Balanced Products

Lather


How to read a PCP label

• What’s required on a PCP qlabel:– Quantity in the containerId tit t t t– Identity statement

– Name of the manufacturer & distributor

– Warning & caution statements

– Ingredients– Ingredients• Ingredients listed from highest to lowest quantity


FDA, Cosmetic Labeling & Label Claims, http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/CosmeticLabelingLabelClaims/default.htm

Preservatives• Prevent bacteria from growing in water

based productsP b th t id l d• Parabens are the most widely used preservatives and the most common parabens are methyl‐, ethyl‐, and butyl‐

• Studies have detected parabens in breast tumors but it’s unclear whether the presence leads to cancer

Parabens

Look for methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl parabens on product labels

Found inmoisturizers face & skin cleansers shampoo conditionerFound in moisturizers, face & skin cleansers, shampoo, conditioner, sunscreen, toothpaste, makeup

Linked to cancer, endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, skin irritation


FDA Parabens, http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/SelectedCosmeticIngredients/ucm128042.htm

Antimicrobials• Kills or slows the growth of bacteria• Triclosan is commonly used in cosmetics, PCPs, &Triclosan is commonly used in cosmetics, PCPs, &

other consumer productsTriclosan

Look for triclosan on the product label

Found in antibacterial soap, toothpaste (to prevent gingivitis), deodorant, face & body wash cosmetics mouthwash andbody wash, cosmetics, mouthwash, and other consumer products

Linked to thyroid function and emergence of bacteria resistant to antibacterial products, studies show it’s interaction with hormone receptors

Toxic to aquatic bacteria at levels found in the environment and inhibits

FDA does not have evidence that triclosan added to antibacterial soaps and body washes provides extra health benefits over soap and


in the environment and inhibitsphotosynthesis in algae

extra health benefits over soap and water.

FDA, Triclosan: What Consumers Should Know, http://www.fda.gov/forconsumers/consumerupdates/ucm205999.htm

“Fragrance”• Add scents to cosmetics and personal

care products• Usually made up of a blend of

chemicalsC hid h i l th• Can hide many chemicals as the composition does not have to be disclosed on the label

Phthalates Synthetic musks

Look for fragrance, ‐phthalate on the product label

Look for fragrance, synthetic musk, musk on the product labelproduct label on the product label

Found in fragranceAlso found in nail polish and moisturizers (helps chemicals absorb into the skin)

Found in fragrance


Linked to diabetes and asthma, potential risks to reproductive system & thyroid

Linked to endocrine disruption, bioaccumulates

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Statements

Phthalate Use in PCPs• Used at concentrations of less than 10% in nail

polish, hair spray, and solvents & perfumes in other products

Common Uses Potential Effects

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP)Dimethyl phthalate (DMP)

Dye carrier, plasticizer in hair spray, plasticizer in PVC, used in the past as a pesticidef

Human immune system toxicantbLimited evidence of reproductive toxicityb

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)

carpets, paints, glue, insect repellents, hair spray, nail polish, and rocket fuela

Human immune system toxicantbStrong evidence of endocrine disruptioncPossible human developmental toxicanteLimited evidence of reproductive toxicityb

Diethyl phthalate

toothbrushes, automobile parts, tools, toys, food packaging, cosmetics, insecticides, and aspirina

Human immune system toxicantbStrong evidence of endocrine disruptioncLimited evidence of reproductive toxicityb


US FDA, Phthalates and Cosmetic Products, http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/SelectedCosmeticIngredients/ucm128250.htma Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Statements d EPA, Hazardous Air Pollutantsb National Library of Medicine, HazMap— Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents e California, Proposition 65 c European Commission on Endocrine Disruption f US Hazardous Substances Data Bank

PerfumeEnvironmental Working Group & Campaign for Safe Cosmetics tested 17 name brand fragrances in 2010 & found:

– 24 chemical sensitizers– 12 hormone disrupting chemicals– 38 chemicals detected that were not

listed on the product label


Colorants• Metals are traditionally used to give

cosmetics & PCPs color• Potential health effects range from

allergies & skin irritation to impact to the reproductive systemthe reproductive system

Metal Color Found in

Ultramarine blue eye shadow

Manganese violet eye shadow

Titanium dioxide white sunscreen, foundation, concealer, cosmetics

Zinc oxide white sunscreen, foundation, concealermain ingredient of mineral makeup

Iron oxides shades of rust

eye shadow, blush, concealers

Chromium oxides green eye shadow blush concealers


Chromium oxides green eye shadow, blush, concealers

Aluminum red‐orange lip gloss, lipstick, nail polish

FDA Color Additives Approved for Use in Cosmetics http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditives/ColorAdditiveInventories/ucm115641.htm#table3A

pH Balance• pH of skin is below 7, typically basic

solutions are used to clean the skin• Triethanolamine typically used and

works well at removing make upP t ti l f TEA t t t• Potential for TEA to convert to carcinogenic nitrosamines

TriethanolamineTriethanolamine

Look for triethanolamine on the product label

Found in mascara, shampoo, face cleanser, face moisturizer, skin lotion, and other pH balanced products

Linked to allergic skin reactions; suspected immunotoxicant, respiratory toxicant, skin or sense organ toxicant


Possibly toxic to fish with short term and long term exposure

Cosmetic Ingredient Review, http://www.cir‐safety.org/sites/default/files/120_final_tea.pdf

Lather & Penetration Enhancer

• Lather: causes soaps to foam upp p• Penetration enhancer: makes it

easier for other chemicals to b b th h th ki iabsorb through the skin, meaning more chemicals will enter the body

Sodium lauryl sulfate Sodium laureth sulfate

Look for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS or NaDS) sodium laurilsulfate or sodium lauryl

Look for sodium laureth sulfate or sodium lauryl ether sulfate on the product labelNaDS), sodium laurilsulfate or sodium lauryl

sulfate (SLS) on the product labellauryl ether sulfate on the product label

Found in bubble bath (thickens & lathers), toothpaste, shampoo, saving cream, and th l th t il

Found in products that lather


other cleaners that remove oil

Linked to skin & eye irritation Linked to skin & eye irritation

National Library of Medicine, Hazardous Substances Database, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi‐bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+151‐21‐3

Antiperspirant & Deodorant• Aluminum compounds slow the flow of sweat

– Usually listed as Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex GLY• Controversial research: There is no conclusive research linking the use ofControversial research: There is no conclusive research linking the use of

underarm antiperspirants or deodorants and the subsequent development of breast cancer.– Some research suggests that aluminum‐based compounds may be

absorbed by the skin and cause estrogen‐like effects– Estrogen has the ability to promote the growth of breast cancer

cellsh l b d d– Some scientists suggest that aluminum‐based compounds may

contribute to the development of breast cancer • Alternatives: aluminum free products, reduced aluminum content

20% 22%10% 16% 19% 18%


National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Antiperspirants/Deodorants and Cancer, http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/AP‐Deo

Nail Polish• May contain the “toxic trio”: dibutyl phthalate, toluene, and formaldehyde• DBP is prohibited in cosmetics in the European Union because it’s a possible

human reproductive or developmental toxin1human reproductive or developmental toxin• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency restricts toluene in drinking water

because it can cause nervous system disorders and damage the liver and kidneys2

• The U.S. National Toxicology Program classifies formaldehyde as “known to be a human carcinogen”3

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) Toluene Formaldehyde

Adds flexibilityMoisturizing sheenHelps dissolve other ingredients

Helps suspend colorForms a smooth finish

Found in nail hardeners

Reproductive & developmental toxin, linkedto feminizing effects in boys

Can cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue and is a possible reproductive & developmental toxin

Known carcinogen; irritates the eyes, nose, and throat; can cause skin irritation


1EC (European Commission of the European Union). 1999‐2006. Enterprise Directorate‐General Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. The rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union, Volume 1, "Cosmetics legislation."2 US EPA, Technical Factsheet on Toluene, http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/pdfs/factsheets/voc/tech/toluene.pdf3 US National Toxicology Program, Report on Carcinogens, 12th Edition, 2011, http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdfCampaign for Safe Cosmetics, Nail Products & Salons, http://safecosmetics.org/article.php?id=224

Nail Polish

• Look for brands that advertise their polish as “th f ” ith th d t k i“three free” either on the product packaging or their website

• May contain other ingredients of concernMay contain other ingredients of concernOrganic Solvents Acrylics Prevents Chipping

Xylene: toxic by all routes of h d h

Methyl methacrylate: vapors irritate eyes nose

Benzyl acetate: irritating to skin eyesexposure, can cause headache,

dizziness, skin and eye irritation, kidney and liver impairment1; very persistent in air2

vapors irritate eyes, nose, and throat; irritates skin1; toxic to fish2

irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract1; toxic to fish, very persistent in air2

Methyl ethyl ketone: vapors irritate eyes, nose & throat1; very persistent in air2

Ethyl methacrylate: vapors irritate eyes and respiratory system, irritates skin1; toxic to fish2Acetone: vapors irritateseyes, nose,


p yand throat1; very persistent in air2

1 National Library of Medicine, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov2 PBT Profiler, http://www.pbtprofiler.net

CosmeticsProduct Common ingredients Ingredient concernsProduct Common ingredients Ingredient concerns

Blush Talc , powdered silica, alumina, coal tar dyes,acrylates, parabens

Neurotoxic, strong irritants, endocrine disruptors

Mineral Bismuth oxychloride Irritate sensitive skin, cause redness & makeup itching

Face powder Talc, powdered silica, coal tar dyes, quaternium‐15, lanolin, fragrances, parabens, triclosan

Can release formaldehyde, allergic reactions, skin irritation, endocrine disruption

Foundation Talc, powdered silica, alumina, octenylsuccinate, mineral oil, TEA, parabens, quaternium‐15, fragrance, coal tar dyes

Neurotoxic, irritate skin, promote acne,may contain formaldehyde

Concealer Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, parabens retinyl palmitate may be

Skin irritants, endocrine disruption, cause gene mutations & damage DNAparabens, retinyl palmitate, may be

contaminated with 1.4‐dioxane and ethylene oxide

gene mutations & damage DNA, contaminants are suspected & known carcinogens

Eyeshadow Coal tar dyes, talc, powdered silica, BHA, parabens

Carcinogens, endocrine disruptorsCreams: allergens

Cream: mineral oil, petrolatum, & lanolin oilGlitter: aluminum or bronze

Glitter: linked to cancer & neurotoxiceffects

Mascara Petroleum distillates, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, TEA, parabens, synthetic plastics parabens

Skin & eye irritation, endocrine disruption, immune system toxicant


plastics, parabens

Lipstick Coal tar dyes, parabens, sunscreen chemicals, fragrance

Skin irritation, endocrine disruption

Environmental Health Association of Nova Scotia, Guide to Less Toxic Products, http://lesstoxicguide.ca/index.asp?fetch=personal

Metals in CosmeticsMay 2011 study of 49 cosmetics for heavy metals

– Foundation concealer powder blush/bronzer mascara eye

Products contained 1

Potential effects2

Foundation, concealer, powder, blush/bronzer, mascara, eye liner, eye shadow, lip tint/gloss/stick

the metal1

0% mercury neurotoxin

14% selenium high exposure can cause neurological effects, brittle hair & deformed nails

20% arsenic long term exposure causes kidney damage in animals20% arsenic long term exposure causes kidney damage in animals

51% cadmium damages the kidneys, lungs, and bones

61% thallium large amounts cause vomiting, diarrhea, temporary hair loss, and effects on the nervous system, lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys

90% beryllium may become sensitive to beryllium, which causes inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system

96% lead damage the nervous system, kidneys, and reproductive system

100% nickel contact may cause an allergic skin reaction


100% nickel contact may cause an allergic skin reaction

1Environmental Defense, Heavy Metal Hazard: The Health Risks of Hidden Heavy Metals in Face Make up, May 2011, http://environmentaldefence.ca/sites/default/files/report_files/HeavyMetalHazard%20FINAL.pdf2ATSDR, ToxFAQs, http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/index.asp

Alpha and Beta Hydroxy AcidsAHAs: cause exfoliation• May be found in products marketed to “reduce the signs of aging” (smoothing fine lines & wrinkles, improving skin texture & tone, unblocking and cleansing pores, improving skin condition in general)

• FDA received 114 adverse dermatologic experience reports for AHA‐containing skin care products between 1992 & 2004: burning (45), dermatitis or rash (35), swelling (29), pigmentary changes (15), blisters or welts (14), skin peeling (13), itching (12), irritation or tenderness (8), chemical burns (6), increased sunburn (3), more serious adverse reactions appear to occur most often with products that cause the greatest degree of exfoliation, such as "skin peelers“

BHAs: claimed that BHAs are effective in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and g pp ,improving overall skin texture, without the occasional irritation associated with the use of AHAs• BHA ingredients may be listed as – salicylic acid (or salicylate, sodium salicylate, willow extract), beta hydroxybutanoic acid, tropic acid, or trethocanic acid

( )Studies by the FDA & National Toxicology Program are examining the long‐term effects of both glycolic acid (an AHA) and salicylic acid on the skin's response to ultraviolet (UV) light. These studies have determined that applying glycolic acid to the skin can make people more susceptible to the damaging effects of the sun, including sunburn.

FDA advises precautions be taken for the use of cosmetics containing AHAs and BHAs:T t d t th t t i BHA ll f ki b f l i it t l If• Test any product that contains a BHA on a small area of skin before applying it to a large area. If you experience skin irritation or prolonged stinging, stop using the product and consult your physician.

• Follow the use instructions on the label. Do not exceed the recommended applications.• Avoid using BHA‐containing products on infants and children.


• Use sun protection if you use a BHA product.

US FDA, Alpha and Beta Hydroxy Acids (AHAs & BHAs), http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/SelectedCosmeticIngredients/ucm130912.htm

Mercury Poisoning Linked to Ski P dSkin Products

FDA warning consumers not to use skin creams, beauty d i i l i h i h iand antiseptic soaps, or lotions that might contain

mercury.• Products marketed as skin lighteners and anti‐aging

treatments that remove age spots, freckles, blemishes and wrinkles

• Products with mercury have been found in at least seven states

• Products manufactured abroad and sold illegally in theProducts manufactured abroad and sold illegally in the United States—often in shops in Latino, Asian, African or Middle Eastern neighborhoods and online

Exposure & dangersM d th kid d th• Mercury can damage the kidneys and the nervous system, and interfere with the development of the brain in unborn children and very young children

• Children can be exposed to mercury from breathing


vapors from a product or touching the product and then putting their fingers in their mouth

US FDA, Mercury Poisoning Linked to Skin Products, http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm294849.htm

How to Protect Yourself from Mercury containing Products1. Check the label of any skin lightening, anti‐aging or other skin product you

use. If you see the words “mercurous chloride,” “calomel,” “mercuric,” “mercurio,” or “mercury,” stop using the product immediately.

2. If there is no label or no ingredients are listed, do not use the product. Federal law requires that ingredients be listed on the label of any cosmetic or drug.

3. Don’t use products labeled in languages other than English unless English labeling is also provided.

4. If you suspect you have been using a product with mercury, stop using it immediately. Thoroughly wash your hands and any other parts of your body that have come in contact with the product. Contact your health care professional or a medical care clinic for advice.

5. If you have questions, call your health care professional or the Poison Centerat 1‐800‐222‐1222; it is open 24 hours a day.

6. Before throwing out a product that may contain mercury, seal it in a plastic bag or leak‐proof container. Check with your local environmental, health or l d f d l h l


solid waste agency for disposal instructions. Some communities have special collections or other options for disposing of household hazardous waste.

US FDA, Mercury Poisoning Linked to Skin Products, http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm294849.htm

Children’s VulnerabilityChildren are at higher risk of suffering effects than adults

1. Hand to mouth behavior

2. Children have greater pound‐for‐pound intake of air, water, and food

3. Heightened sensitivity as their bodies are growing3. Heightened sensitivity as their bodies are growing and developing

4. Skin is 30% thinner than adults & can absorb more from the skin’s surfacefrom the skin s surface

5. May not have the same ability to excrete toxins

6. The blood brain barrier that helps block chemicals f i h b i i ’ f ll d l dfrom penetrating the brain isn’t fully developed until 6 months of age

7. More years of future life left


Ingredients in Children’s PCPs2007 survey of 3,300 parents to find out whatparents to find out what PCPs their children use

The survey found:

Children are exposed to 61 PCP ingredients every day & 27 of those have not been found f f kidsafe for kids

82% exposed to 1+ ingredients linked to brain and nervous system damage

69% exposed to 1+ ingredients that are % p gendocrine disruptors

3.6% exposed to 1+ ingredients linked to cancer

41% of products warn “keep out of reach of


children”

Environmental Working Group, Hazardous and Untested Chemicals in Children’s Products, http://www.ewg.org/files/Child%27sStudyAttachment.pdf

Alternatives• Products that are paraben, triclosan, fragrance, phthalate,

phosphate free– Price range varies significantly from cost competitive to significantly more– Performance range varies significantly from better than to not as good as

conventional counterparts– Consider products without these ingredients may perform differently – ie.

shampoo without sodium lauryl sulfate will not be as foamy– Consider if the ingredient is necessary – ie. Does my soap have to be

antimicrobial? Does my face soap have to be pH balanced? Does the scent matter?

• Deodorant with lower levels of aluminum or are aluminum free• Deodorant with lower levels of aluminum or are aluminum free– Many lower level aluminum versions are cost competitive– Aluminum free versions may cost more– Consider performance of products with less aluminumConsider performance of products with less aluminum

• Nail polish without DBP, toluene, formaldehyde– Cost competitive, function as good as if not better than polish with these

ingredients


• Organic products

Eco Friendly Products

• The use of most eco friendly terms are not d fi d l ddefined or regulated

• Third party certifications (someone other than the company) are preferablethan the company) are preferable

• Just because a product or ingredient is ‘organic’, doesn’t mean it’s safe!

Unregulatedterms

Preferable terms & labels

Non ToxicNaturalEco‐friendlyEco‐healthy

USDA Organic LabelUSDA Certified Biobased Product LabelNSF/ANSI 305: Personal Care Products Containing Organic Ingredients with logo


Eco healthy Ingredients with logoFree of phthalates, sulfates, parabens, etc

Certified Organic Products• FDA does not define or regulate “organic”• USDA regulates “organic” as it applies to agricultural

products through the National Organic Program• If a PCP contains agricultural ingredients, and meets

the USDA organic production, handling, processing and labeling standards, it may be eligible to be certified

Package says Composition of the PCP

100% Organic Must contain 100% organic ingredients

USDA Organic Seal Certifying agent’s name &address

Organic Must contain at least 95% organic ingredients

USDA Organic Seal Certifying agent’s name &addressorganic ingredients Certifying agent s name &address

Made with organic ingredients

Must contain at least 70% organic ingredients

Certifying agent’s name &addressIndicate which ingredients are certified organic

Cannot be labeled Products with less than Indicate which ingredients are certified


Cannot be labeled organic

Products with less than 70% organic ingredients

Indicate which ingredients are certified organic

USDA National Organic Program, http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/nop

Certified Biobased Products• Identify biobased content of products and packaging• Biobased products: commercial or industrial products (other

than food or feed) that are composed in whole or in significantthan food or feed) that are composed in whole, or in significant part, of biological products, renewable agricultural materials (including plant, animal and marine materials) or forestry materialsa e a s

• Product must meet or exceed the minimum biobased content percentage in its given category in order to use the Certified Biobased Product label

Product type Min. biobased content

Hand cleaners 64%

Hand sanitizers 73%

Lip care products 82%

Bath products 61%


USDA Biopreferred Program, http://www.biopreferred.gov/Labeling.aspx

Shampoo 66%

Conditioner 78%

What You Can Do• Choose products without harsh chemicals

Shampoos & body washes without SLS– Shampoos & body washes without SLS, phthalates, parabens

– Lotions without parabensp– Nail polish without the toxic trio– Skip perfume & antibacterial products

• Eliminate unnecessary products• Prioritize high exposure, frequently used products for replacement

• Buy from companies you trust


• Make your own products

Report Reactions to the FDATo report a reaction to a cosmetic product:• Report by phone to the Consumer Complaint Coordinator at your

nearest FDA district officeNew York ‐ (toll‐free) 866‐446‐9055

• Report to FDA's MedWatch adverse event reporting systemp p g y– Online via

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/medwatch/, – Call Medwatch at 1‐800‐332‐1088 to request a reportingCall Medwatch at 1 800 332 1088 to request a reporting

form by mail– MedWatch reports are covered under the HIPAA privacy rule– Report effects associated with FDA regulated drugs, biologics, medical devices,

t iti l d t d tinutritional products, and cosmetics– DO NOT report effects associated with vaccines or investigational/study drugs

If you are a salon worker and want to file a complaint about your workplace conditions or chemicals used in the workplace, contact


workplace conditions or chemicals used in the workplace, contact OSHA http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/complain.html

Safe Cosmetics Act of 2011

Bill introduced June 24, 2011Bill introduced June 24, 2011The legislation aims to

1. Require safety tests for all PCP ingredients1. Require safety tests for all PCP ingredients2. Give authority to the FDA to prohibit and

restrict the use of ingredients3. Give authority to the FDA to recall products

that fail to meet safety standards4 Require all ingredients to be disclosed on the4. Require all ingredients to be disclosed on the

label, including components of “fragrance”5. Give priority to food grade ingredients


Safe Cosmetics Act of 2011, H.R. 2359 http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi‐bin/query/z?c112:H.R.2359:

Resources for More InformationUnderstand health & safety of specific products, product classes, and manufacturers

EWG’s SkinDeep Cosmetics Databasewww.cosmeticsdatabase.com, mobile app not available

The GoodGuide, www.goodguide.com , mobile app for iPhone and Android with bar scanner

Information about ingredients and the industry

Cosmetic Ingredient Review http://www.cir‐safety.org

US FDA Cosmetics (regulatory & safety information), http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/default.htm

//


Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, http://safecosmetics.org

Summary• PCP ingredients are not tested by the FDA prior to sale• Many PCP ingredients are endocrine disruptors• Avoid common ingredients of concern in products• Choose ecofriendly products, preferably those that are third party

certified, like USDA Organic, g• Read product labels & use SkinDeep and GoodGuide to identify

EHS impacts of your products

Ingredient of concern Products found in

“fragrance”, phthalates, musk scented products

Parabens water based products

Triclosan antimicrobial products

Triethanolamine pH balanced products

Sodium lauryl & laureth sulfates products that lather


Aluminum deodorant/antiperspirant

Dibutyl phthalate, toluene, formaldehyde nail polish

Questions & Discussion

KateWinnebeck,LCACPS E i l H l h & S f S i liSr.EnvironmentalHealth&SafetySpecialistEmail:[email protected]:585‐475‐5390

EricaHernandezMarketing&CommunicationProgramCoordinatorEmail: exfasp@rit eduEmail:[email protected]:585‐475‐7056

NewYorkStatePollutionPreventionInstitutehttp://www.nysp2i.rit.edu


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