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Role of Energy Efficiency for Low Carbon Transformation of India 3rd International Conference of Low Carbon Asia & Beyond 1st to 3rd Nov , Bangkok Subash Dhar, UNEP DTU Partnership Minal Pathak, Imperial College P R Shukla, CoChair, IPCC, WG III

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Page 1: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Role of Energy Efficiency for Low Carbon Transformation of India

3rd International Conference of Low Carbon Asia & Beyond1st to 3rd Nov , Bangkok

Subash Dhar, UNEP DTU PartnershipMinal Pathak, Imperial CollegeP R Shukla, Co‐Chair, IPCC, WG III

Page 2: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Contents

• Background and Context• Research questions• Method (Model)• Scenarios• Results (Preliminary)• Key messages.

Page 3: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Energy Efficiency: Global Underpinnings

Double the global rate of improvement in energy 

efficiency

SDG 7Affordable and Clean Energy

SDG 13 Take Urgent Action to address climate change

Paris Agreement Limit global warming to 2 deg C

Page 4: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

National Energy Efficiency Initiatives

Energy Conservation Act

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

NATIONAL MISSION ON ENHANCED ENERGY EFFICIENCY (NMEEE)

Successful Initiatives• Perform Achieve and Trade Scheme• Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency• Energy Efficiency Financing Platform• Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development 

Page 5: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Ressource consumption and sectoral energy efficiency

Per Capita Consumption in kg (2012)

EnergyIntensity (PJ/MT)

World India World India

Aluminium 8 1.4 16.6 20.9

Cement 520 195 2.72 2.9

Fertilizer 26.1 22.8 28 16.4

Iron and steel 216.6 59.4 18.7 21.4

Significant opportunity for India: Sectoral transformations

Source: Garg, A., Dhar, S., Kankal, B., & Mohan, P. (Eds.). 2017. Good Practice and Success Stories on Energy Efficiency in India. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency, UNEP DTU Partnership.

Page 6: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Market Transformation through PAT: e.g., Iron & Steel

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Specific Energy Consumption (toe/ton)

PAT Cycle II - Target

PAT Cycle II - Baseline

PAT Cycle I - Target

PAT Cycle I - Baseline

Source: Garg, A., Dhar, S., Kankal, B., & Mohan, P. (Eds.). 2017. Good Practice and Success Stories on Energy Efficiency in India. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency, UNEP DTU Partnership.

Page 7: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Research Questions

• What role does EE play under low carbon scenarios for India (2oC stabilisation)?

• How does EI improve under low carbon scenarios?• What is contribution of EE in decarbonisation of Electricity?• How does EE of energy intensive industries improve?• How does EE of transport sector improve?

Page 8: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Model DATABASES

AIM SNAPSHOT ModelEnd

Use

Dem

and

Mod

el

AIM

Strategic Database

(SDB

)

DATABASESSocio-Economic, Technologies, Energy Resources, Environment

AIM CGE/GCAM

ANSWER‐MARKALModel

Modal Choice ModelEnd

Use

Dem

and

Mod

el

AIM

(SDB

)(Strategic D

atabase)

Page 9: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

• Includes elements from India’s NDCs• Does not include deep climate policies

NDC 

• Aligns with global 2 Degrees C temperature stabilization goal• Carbon price aligned to global price trajectory

2 Deg C 

• Aligns with global 2 Deg C goal (Same CO2 Budget) + Aggressive Energy Efficiency goals for India

SE4ALL + 2 Degrees C

Scenarios

Page 10: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Scenario Drivers 

2010 2030 2050

NDC &2oC  Scenario

SE4ALL plus2°C Scenario

NDC & 2oC Scenario

SE4ALL plus2°C Scenario

Population (million) 1206 1476 1434 1620 1509

Households 247 365 356 502 473

GDP (2010 Billion $)* 1397 6489 6002 25664 23007

GDP per capita GDP ($) 1158 4397 4186 15842 15247

Page 11: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Energy Intensity Vs CO2 Intensity at aggregate level

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Ener

gy In

tens

ity (t

oe/2

010

mill

ion

US

$)

Ener

gy (m

toe)

NDC 2 °C

SE4ALL plus 2 °C NDC

2 °C SE4ALL plus 2 °C

-

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

CO

2 In

tens

ity (t

CO

2/20

10 m

illio

n U

S $)

CO

2(m

illio

n tC

O2)

NDC 2 °C

SE4ALL plus 2 °C NDC

2 °C SE4ALL plus 2 °C

Energy and energy intensity CO2 emissions and emission intensity

Page 12: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Electricity Generation: CO2 Intensity and EE

 ‐

 0.10

 0.20

 0.30

 0.40

 0.50

 0.60

 0.70

 0.80

 0.90

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

CO2 Intensity

  (kg CO2/kw

h)

Electricity

 Gen

eration  (T

wh)

NDC 2oC

SE4ALL plus 2oC NDC

2oC SE4ALL plus 2oC

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Tran

sformation Efficiency

NDC 2oC SE4ALL plus 2oC

Transformation efficiency for fossil based electricity generation

Electricity generation and CO2 intensity of electricity

Page 13: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Industry : Energy demand and EE improvement

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Ener

gy (m

toe)

NDC 2 °C SE4ALL plus 2 °C

Energy demand from industrial sector  Energy Intensity  improvement in cement sector

 ‐

 20.00

 40.00

 60.00

 80.00

 100.00

 120.00

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Scale 2010

 = 100

NDC 2oC SE4all plus 2oC

Page 14: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Transport: Energy and EE Improvement

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Energy Dem

and (m

toe) 

NDC 2oC SE4ALL plus 2oC

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Energy In

tensity

  of p

assenger tran

sport  20

10 = 

100

NDC 2oC SE4ALL plus 2oC

Energy demand from transport sector  Energy Intensity  improvement in transport sector

Page 15: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium
Page 16: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

Key Messages / Conclusions

• NDC related actions would meet 33% ‐35% CO2 intensity target for 2030 • Stronger climate mitigation action aligned with global 2oC will improve EE • Sectoral transformations (especially electricity and Transport) offer  

significant opportunities for achieving deep cuts• Such deep cuts require both hardware improvements in technology and 

soft measures especially in transport and building sector

Page 17: of Efficiency for - DTU Research DatabaseRessource consumptionand sectoral energy efficiency Per Capita Consumption inkg (2012) Energy Intensity (PJ/MT) World India World India Aluminium

UNEP DTU Partnershiphttp://www.unepdtu.org/

Thanks