October 13, 2014Agenda

1. Roll

2. Supplies to Turn in?

3. PowerPoint titled: Earthquakes and Society Part 2

4. Video “Mega Quake: The hour that shook Japan” Part 2

Subject Area: Earthquakes and Society

EQ: How do Earthquakes change human and wildlife habitats?

Questions:

1. What is earthquake hazard?

2. What are the methods of earthquake forecasting?

3. How can you safeguard buildings against earthquakes?

4. How can you be safe in the event of an Earthquake?

Earthquakes and Society

Earthquakes are very dangerous. Seismologists have had some success in predicting earthquakes, but being aware is simply not enough. It is important for people in areas where earthquakes occur to be prepared.

Earthquake Hazard

Earthquake hazard measures how prone an area is to experiencing an earthquake in the future. This can be shown in an Earthquake Hazard Map.

Partner Share:

What does an earthquake hazard map show?An Earthquake Hazard map shows …

Earthquake Forecasting

Earthquake Forecasting is predicting when and where earthquakes occur and how strong they will be. This is a very difficult task. The most they can predict is the frequency that they have occurred compared to the magnitude.

Descriptor Magnitude Average Occurring Annually

Great 8.0 and up 1

Major 7.0 – 7.9 18

Strong 6.0 – 6.9 120

Moderate 5.0 – 5.9 800

Light 4.0 – 4.9 About 6,200

Minor 3.0 – 3.9 About 49,000

Very Minor 2.0 – 2.9 About 365,000

Worldwide Earthquake Frequency(based on observations since 1900)

This graph is found on page 176 of your textbook!

The Gap HypothesisThe gap hypothesis states

that sections of active faults that have relatively few earthquakes are likely to be the site of strong earthquakes in the future.

The Gap Hypothesis

The area along a fault where few earthquakes have occurred are called seismic gaps.

Partner Share:Which earthquake forecast predicts a more precise location?The earthquake forecast that predicts a more precise location is …

This is the End of Part 1Video questions for your

Science NotebookMega Quake: The hour that

shook Japan Part 1What did you know?Skip 3 linesWhat did you learn?Skip 3 linesWhat do you want to know?Skip 3 lines

Earthquakes and BuildingsEarthquakes can shake the ground out from

under buildings. People have learned a lot from buildings that have failed during an earthquake. They have created technology to help protect buildings during an earthquake.

Some Earthquake DevicesThese are some devices for preparing

buildings for earthquakes:

1. Mass Damper

2. Cross-braces

3. Flexible pipes

4. Base isolators

5. Active Tendon system

Mass Damper

The mass damper is a weight placed in the roof of the building. Computers sense motion and shift the weight to counteract the movement of the earthquake.

Cross Braces

Steel cross-braces are placed between floors. These braces counteract pressure that pushes and pulls at the sides of a building during an earthquake.

Flexible Pipes

Flexible pipes are designed with flexible joints so the pipes are better able to twist and bend without breaking during an earthquake.

Base Isolators

Base isolators act as shock absorbers during an earthquake. They absorb the seismic waves before they travel through the building.

Active Tendon System

Active tendon system works like the mass damper. A computer senses the movement and shifts the weight under the building to compensate.

Are you prepared for an earthquake?

If you live in an earthquake prone area you need to prepare. There are many things you can do to protect yourself and your property from earthquakes.

Before the Shaking StartsThe first thing you should do is safeguard

your house against earthquakes. What are some things you can do?

•Fasten bookcases and cabinets to nearby walls.

• Install latches on cabinet doors and drawers.

•Secure electronic equipment, artwork and other breakable items to the tops of bookcases and cabinets.

•Anchor large appliances to nearby walls.

•Secure pictures and bulletin boards to walls.

•Attach safety cables to light fixtures, suspended ceilings and other hanging items.

•Apply safety film to windows and doors.

•Secure water heater to nearby wall.

Earthquake Emergency Kit

1. Bottled water2. Nonperishable foods3. Flashlight4. Batteries5. Bucket6. Milk7. Rubber Gloves8. Safety Goggles9. First-aid Kit10. Money11. Electric Can Opener12. Radio13. Clean rags14. Tissues (Wipes)15. Toilet Paper16. Deck of playing cards17. Blanket

What items should you place in an earthquake emergency kit?

When the Shaking StartsWhat should you do when the shaking starts?

If you're indoors, stay there. Get under -- and hold onto --a desk or table, or stand against an interior wall. Stay clear of exterior walls, glass, heavy furniture, fireplaces and appliances. The kitchen is a particularly dangerous spot. If you’re in an office building, stay away from windows and outside walls and do not use the elevator.

If you're outside, get into the open. Stay clear of buildings, power lines or anything else that could fall on you.

If you're driving, move the car out of traffic and stop. Avoid parking under or on bridges or overpasses. Try to get clear of trees, light posts, signs and power lines. When you resume driving, watch out for road hazards.

If you're in a mountainous area, beware of the potential for landslides. Likewise, if you're near the ocean, be aware that tsunamis are associated with large earthquakes. Get to high ground.

If you’re in a crowded public place, avoid panicking and do not rush for the exit. Stay low and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms.

After the Shaking Stops

Being in an earthquake is a startling experience. Afterward, you should not be surprised to find your self and others puzzled about what happened. Remain calm and remove yourself from immediate danger.

Check for fire or fire hazards. If you smell gas, shut off the main gas valve. If there's evidence of damage to electrical wiring, shut off the power at the control box.

If the phone is working, only use it in case of emergency. Likewise, avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles.

Be aware that items may fall out of cupboards or closets when the door is opened, and also that chimneys can be weakened and fall with a touch. Check for cracks and damage to the roof and foundation of your home.

Listen to the radio for important information and instructions. Remember that aftershocks, sometimes large enough to cause damage in their own right, generally follow large quakes.

If you leave home, leave a message telling friends and family your location.

After the Shaking Stops

What should you do after the shaking stops?

Would this be a safe place?

Would this be a safe place?

Would this be a safe place?

Would this be a safe place?

Would this be a safe place?

Would this be a safe place?

Would this be a safe place?

This is the End of Part 2Video questions for your

Science NotebookMega Quake: The hour that

shook Japan Part 2What did you know?Skip 3 linesWhat did you learn?Skip 3 linesWhat do you want to know?Skip 3 lines