october 05 standards. october 05 - 2 my own lesson in rfid standardization
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October 05
Standards
October 05 - 2
My own lesson in RFID standardization
October 05 - 3
Technology Standards
Two types of RFID Standards:
Technology Standards:• ISO 15693 • ISO 18000• EPCglobal
Application Standards:• GTAGTM - Supply Chain (EAN/UCC)• ANSI MH10.8.4 - Returnable Containers and Pallets• ANSI MH10.8.8 - Parcels, Packages, and Flat Mail.• ISO 18185 Freight containers/ electronic seals• AIAG - Automotive Industry• UPU - Universal Postal Union• IATA- Airlines
10A10E0181001601D00F11
October 05 - 4
RFID Technology StandardsR
FID
Ch
ips
& T
ags
Co
nta
ctle
ss
card
s
ProximityReadingTicketing
Vicinity reading
ISO 18000
EPCglobal
ISO 15693
ISO 14443
Retail, HLS& Logistics
All applications
Standard Committees
Applications MembersInternational Standards CommunityKey Vendors : Intermec, Philips, TI, TAGSYS, Magellan etc.
MIT Research initiative. Key Sponsors include : P&G, Gillette, Coca-cola, Walmart, Pepsi, Target, UPS, Johnson & Johnson. Then GS1 (EAN UCC) - 1million + member companies.
International Standards Community
International Standards Community
International Standards Community
ISO 11784/5 AnimalTagging
October 05 - 5
RF
ID c
hip
s/ta
gs
Co
nta
ctle
ss
card
s
Proximity(Ticketing)
VicinityReading(Access Control)
ISO 18000
EPCglobal
ISO 15693
ISO 14443
Retail, HLS&Logistics
Any application
<134 KHz 13.56 MHz 900 MHz 2.45 GHzStandard Committees
Applications
ISO 11784/5 AnimalTagging
RFID Operating Frequencies
October 05 - 6
ISO 18000
RF
ID c
hip
s/ta
gs
Co
nta
ctle
ss
card
s
Proximity(Ticketing)
Vicinity Reading(Access Control)
EPCglobal
ISO 15693
ISO 14443
Retail, HLS&Logistics
Any application
<134 KHz 13.56 MHz 900 MHz 2.45 GHzStandard Committees
Applications
ISO 11784/5 AnimalTagging
RFID Operating Frequencies
RFID fre
quency
used by l
ibraries
October 05 - 7
ISO 18000
RF
ID c
hip
s/ta
gs
Co
nta
ctle
ss
card
s
Proximity(Ticketing)
Vicinity Reading(Access Control)
EPCglobal
ISO 15693
ISO 14443
Retail, HLS&Logistics
<134 KHz 13.56 MHz 900 MHz 2.45 GHzStandard Committees
ISO 11784/5 AnimalTagging
RFID Operating Frequencies
“THE” R
FID st
andard
Incorporated in18000-6 Part C
Incorporated in18000-3 Mode 1
October 05 - 8
ISO 18000
RF
ID c
hip
s/ta
gs
Co
nta
ctle
ss
card
s
Proximity(Ticketing)
Vicinity Reading(Access Control)
EPCglobal
ISO 15693
ISO 14443
Retail, HLS&Logistics
<134 KHz 13.56 MHz 900 MHz 2.45 GHzStandard Committees
ISO 11784/5 AnimalTagging
RFID Operating Frequencies
“THE” R
FID st
andard
Incorporated in18000-6 Part C
Incorporated in18000-3 Mode 1
LIBRARIES
RFID fre
quency
used by librarie
s
October 05 - 9
ISO 18000 – Is the « key » RFID technology standard
The global home for standards is the International Standards Organisation (ISO).
Although the ISO process is by its nature long, involving six stages and several rounds of voting that are conducted on an international level, it does have the positive side that when a standard has completed these phases it truly does have an international acceptance.
ISO18000 describes the standard communication interface between an RFID tag and reader. (The Air Interface)
ISO18000 is very broad in its coverage. It has several parts, each covers different RFID frequencies. Part 3 covers 13.56 MHz and Part 6 covers UHF.
ISO18000 covers all Classes of RFID tag – Read only, WORM, Read/write etc.
October 05 - 10
ISO 18000 –relevance to Libraries
Parts:
18000-2 (135 kHz)
18000-3 (13.56 MHz)Mode 1Mode 2
18000-4 (2.45 GHz)
18000-5 (5.8Hz)
18000-6 (UHF)Type AType BType C (EPCglobal Gen2)
STAGES:
0 Preliminary
1 Proposal
2 Preparatory (WD Working Draft) 3 Committee (CD/FCD)
4 Approval (Final Draft Int Standard)
5 Publication International Standard
RFID Standard dominantly
used by libraries
October 05 - 11
Considerations re standards
Standards change/evolve.
Where possible select flexible
RFID infrastructure/hardware solutions.
October 05 - 12
RFID Technology Standards ISO18000What IS standardized ?
defines 3 things :
• Physical Layer• Commands• Anti-collision
All these relate to the “Air Interface” between the reader
and the tag
October 05 - 13
Physical Layer
Must standardize :* frequency* coding (whats a “0” whats a “1”)* data rate
October 05 - 14
Commands
1001000111000001100111
Must standardize :* Commands
read taglock tagwrite tagwake upretire
October 05 - 15
Anti-collision (Multi-read)
11111111000
01110001001
10010001110
Must standardize :Algorithm used to handledialogue with many tags at once.
October 05 - 16
RFID Technology Standards ISO18000What IS NOT standardized ?
Security (EAS) not specified in ISO18000 Data structure not defined Memory size not defined Additional proprietary commands
October 05 - 17
Library application standards : Future work - Security ?
Library Security (EAS on tags)
Defines the security mechanisms.
Should this be standardized?
What levels of security are necessary?
October 05 - 18
Library application standards : Future work - Data Structure
Data Specification
Defines the length, structure and position of Library data on the tag.
1001000111000001100111
DATA STRUCTURE
October 05 - 19
Example: EPCglobal data structure
Version 1.1 specification completed
Option of 64 bit or 96 bit EPC Codes
Data includes:
Header : defines length and identifier type - allows compatability to other numbering schemes, GTIN (global trade item number), GLN (global location number) etc.
EPC Manager : a code signifying the company or organisation managing the numbers in the subsequent fields.
Object Class : a code signifying the product type. Serial Number : a unique identifier for each item within a product type
In addition to the EPC unique identifier, some tags will have more memory space for User-defined data.
October 05 - 20
Some considerations re memory size
Bigger is more expensive
Bigger can be slower
October 05 - 21
IC complexity drives tag cost
Chip (IC): less than 0.04% of the area,but 60% of the cost, of a tag
October 05 - 22
Strive for efficient memory use.
With 64 bits of memory, which is a very modest size of memory, you could program 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 different tags all with a particular unique number.
Or with 96 bits of memory, you could program 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 different tags all with a particular unique number.
October 05 - 23
Considerations when working on Data Standards
Simple Message: THE BIGGER THE HOUSE, THE MORE COST, THE MORE MAINTENANCE.
• The same is true for Tag ICs• Complexity/Memory size is not free
Carefully evaluate how much memory you really need
October 05 - 24
TAGSYS with its Partners offers full RFID Library Automation solutions –Tags, Readers, Reader Stations.
