ocean-atmosphere fluxes & marine...

Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology

Breakout Group Questions

• How can the CND be enhanced to better address this sciencetheme?

• What other approaches could be combined with theobservatory elements to better address the science questionsacross the range of spatial/temporal scales?

• What experiments, observations, or activities are likely to yieldearly success for the ORION program? How can ORIONfacilitate that success?

Large Uncertainties

“Known” Space

Required for realisticsimulations

Uninvestigated Territory

Gas Transfer Velocities

k 600

(cm

/hr)

U10 (m/s)

Global Ocean Carbon DioxideGlobal Ocean Carbon Dioxide


• What MUST be in the CND to better address thisscience theme?

– Deploy surface mooring at all global sites and within theRCO and coastal network and instrument with high qualitymean meteorological measurements (wind speed, winddirection, RH, Tair, Pair, SST, _pCO2, Solar, IR, rain,surface currents, significant wave height and direction).

– Deploy additional sensors to measure turbulent fluxes ofheat, moisture, and momentum; surface wave directionalspectra, CO2 fluxes, subsurface turbulence, penetratingradiation at key sites.

– Make sure that all high-powered, high-bandwidth sites aredesigned to support turbulent flux and atmosphericboundary layer measurements.

WestCoast System(March 28, 2006)

1st Phase Glider lines

Verticalprofiler

Line of 5 vertical profilers

2nd Phase Selective addition ofstrategically placedvertical profilers

Process

WestCoastSystem(March 28, 2006)

Leverage systems

OOI -- RCO

OOI -- Global

Other coastal observatories(inventory in progress)

“NSF long-term coastalobservatories”

VENUSVENUSVENUS

STC-SATURN

MARS

LTERs

NOAA backbone

White: questions 1&2 (biogeochem, ecology, biodiversity)yellow: question 3 (ridge and subduction sites)Pink: question 4 (seismic studies of earth structure)Green: question 5 (air-sea flux)Question 6 still missing

Endurance Cabled Arrays


• How can the CND be enhanced to better address thisscience theme?

– Atmospheric boundary layer measurements from selectedOOI platforms to entrain the atmospheric sciencecommunity (e.g., rawinsondes, profilers, ceiliometers,aerosols)

– Take advantage of spatial coverage offered by RCO/WestCoast Array to deploy a mesoscale air-sea array for couple-model research and validation.

– Deploy passive acoustic rain sensors on RCO subsurfacearray to map spatial distribution of precipitation and itsimpact on circulation.

– Visibility and liquid water content measurements on coastalmooring sites to address coastal fog.

125°W130°W

45°N

50°N

N2 N1N3

N4N5 N6

N8

N11N9

N7

N10

STAGE II-SCENARIO 2 WORKING MODEL

1750 km Backbone6 Science Nodes5 Branching Units9 Water column mooringsTotal = $107M

Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology• What other approaches could be combined with the

observatory elements to better address the science questionsacross the range of spatial/temporal scales?

– Nested coupled air-sea interaction model from Coastal up to Global (i.e.,seabreeze to cyclone to climate; Pioneer to RCO to Global)

– Combine observatory elements (Coastal and Pioneer) to close oceanicheat budget, set of constraints on atmospheric fluxes. Ocean surfacefluxes from the residual of the ocean heat budget. Can also do CO2budget using the same observation construct.

– Breaking waves, bubbles, surfactants, gas concentrations, as controls forgas transfer.

– Air quality measurements (e.g., ozone, CO, sulfur, NOx).– Aerosol, DMS, sea-salt measurements to contribute to CCN production/

global albedo debate.– Use of UAVs, Drones, autocopters, LIDAR in addition to gliders and

AUVs.

Example of Pioneer Arrays


• Future Pioneer Array Foci:– Land-sea-atmosphere interaction (e.g., mesoscale

forecasts of seabreeze circulation)

– Closure of regional of local or regional ocean heatbudgets to constraining ocean heat fluxes.

– Onshore moisture flows in coastal regions

• Future Global Foci:– Occupation of key climatic regimes on a global

scale


• What experiments, observations, or activities arelikely to yield early success for the ORION program?How can ORION facilitate that success?

– Decadal trends in LHF suggest that the net heat flux is notzero every year globally. Where is that water going? Whatis happening to the net heat flux as a result of climatechange?

– Our ability to predict severe weather and how it impacts theunderlying ocean is severely limited by the lack of directflux measurements in these conditions. The OOIinfrastructure will allow use to rapidly improve ourunderstanding of the processes coupling the ocean-atmosphere under these conditions.

– Sustained nested observational approach will lead tosignificant progress in nested coupled modeling efforts.


• Cyberinfrastructure issues:– Need for a very responsive CI system (e.g., storms

and synoptic weather variability). Weather,remote sensing and additional operational in-situobservations provide the context and thatinformation is needed in real time.

– Will the CI infrastructure support calibration ofinstrumentation and delayed posting of dataproduct versions?

– Will the CI infrastructure support transfer ofORION data into operational centers (e.g., modelinitialization, satellite cal-val)?

ocean-atmosphere fluxes & marine...

Documents