ocean accounts - escap · case studies & pilots research & technical assistance...

http://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics

Ocean Accounts: The economy and beyond…

Michael Bordt, ESCAP Statistics DivisionNatalie Harms, ESCAP Environment and Development Division

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHaDivINKXE

http://www.unescap.org/our-work/statisticsEcosystems & the Ocean2

Today’s discussion…

The Ocean Accounts Partnership:

What ESCAP is doing (Natalie)

What ocean accounts (could) look

like (Michael)

Questions, comments


Why Ocean Accounts?

Ecosystems & the Ocean3

stores 50 times more carbon

than our atmosphere

>71 % of global fish production

reef-based tourism valued at

US$258 million in the Coral Triangle alone

data and policies exist, but little coherence

request for ESCAP support for ocean

governance, partnerships, statistical capacity


Ocean Accounts Partnership in action


Partnerships

Capacity needs assessment

Regional expert workshop 1-3 AUG 18

Case studies & pilots

Research & technical assistance

Asia-Pacific Day for the Ocean 20 NOV 18




Partnerships

• international, regional & national

• United Nations Statistical Commission invited ESCAP

& UN Environment to lead SEEA ecosystems revision

on the ocean








Partnerships






• 92% consider SDG14 a national priority

• over 70% reported national mechanisms for SDG14

• human resource capacity – coordination – clear

regulation, standards, enforcement – access to data

and data management – access to funding




Partnerships






• >80 international, regional, national experts: science

– statistics – governance

• reaffirmed capacity needs – established Community

of Practice – validated need & feasibility of Ocean

Accounts – guidance on standards & pilot studies




PartnershipsCapacity needs assessmentRegional expert workshop 1-3 AUG 18




• scoping study: national vision, policies, regulations

institutions, plans – policy gaps, coherence, good

practices – data providers, users & stakeholders

• support national working group: integrate data for

priority subset – pilot accounts – publish data

• Indonesia, Thailand, Vanuatu… you?




Partnerships






Ocean Cities: ocean-focussed

climate-responsive urban

development in islands

Closing the Loop: reduce leakage

& recover plastic resources by

linking the informal & formal

Accelerating SDG14: prioritize

needs, identify entry points for

action, support follow-up & review

statistical recommendations:

integrate components of

SEEA and SNA




Partnerships






• take stock of progress made on voluntary

commitments – lessons learned – expand COA –

catalyse new commitments for a healthy ocean

• register as a presenter http://bit.do/OceanDay

http://bit.do/OceanDay


Focus on statistical frameworks

• Already much in SNA and SEEA (central framework and ecosystems)

• Not adapted or tested for ocean

• Need to fill in some missing bits to address SDG14



System of environmental-economic accounting (SEEA)


Stocks (P & Q)

Minerals & energyLand, SoilTimberAquatic Other biological

Water

Ecosystems +conditions

Flows (P & Q)

Materials

Energy

Water

Ecosystem services

Residuals (Q)

Solid waste

Air emissions

Water emissions

Ecosystem impacts

Environment

EconomyProduction

ConsumptionAccumulation

ImportsExports

Benefits/Costs

• SNA:Contribution of natural inputs to economy (rent)

• Depletion, degradation adjusted net savings

• Non-SNA:Contribution of natural inputs to well being

• Externalities (health, poverty)

National wealth

• National BalanceSheet

• Resource life• “Critical”

Natural Capital

Mitigate & Manage (P)

Protection $Goods & ServicesTaxes & subsidies

P = Price (monetary value)Q = Quantity (physical)


SEEA-Ecosystems (spatially detailed)


Extent ConditionServices

SupplyServices Use

Services

SupplyServices Use

Asset

Augmented I-O Table

Integrated Sector Accounts

and Balance Sheets

Tools:

Classifications,

Spatial units,

scaling &

aggregation,

Biophysical

modelling

Thematic: Land, Water,

Carbon, Biodiversity

Tools: Valuation techniques

Supporting: SNA, I-O

tables, economic production

functions

Physical

Monetary


SEEA EcosystemsEarly work


Source: Remme et al., 2014 (Limburg, the Netherlands) Source: Statistics Canada, 2013


The OceanA Different kind of “ecosystem”


• It’s very large

• Water & species keep moving

• Multi-layer

• All looks the same from a satellite

• Trans-boundary / shared / most outside of national jurisdictions

• Less studied / known / measured

• Links to climate, disaster, food…

• Not tested with SEEA

• ESCAP YouTube Video; UN Environment: Ocean Pollution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHaDivINKXE&t=2s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a35ffqcF_ZA


Ocean Science 101


The oceanBiophysicalEcosystems

Socio-economicConsumptionAccumulation

AtmosphereClimateWeather

Land & Freshwater

BiophysicalEcosystems +Natural inputs

+Services

-Residuals

-Modification

-Heat

-Acidification

-CO2

+Oxygen

+Water

+Oxygen

-CO2

Impacts:

Climate change

Sea-level rise

Natural disasters

Ecological collapse

Knowns: The ocean is essential.

Known unknowns: How essential?

Unknown unknowns: What if?


Many SEEA accounts many related SDGs

SEEA: Central Framework + Ecosystems


The issues1. Spatial units and ecosystem classification: delineate units

2. Ecosystem services: expand on existing classifications

3. Disaster risk & climate change: establish shared standards

4. Social: identify communities, artisanal fishers, target groups

5. Economic: links to SNA & valuation of non-SNA benefits

6. Global data: what’s available and how to use it?

7. Measuring SDG14: indicator metadata

8. Ocean governance: international, regional and national

9. Modelling: experience and opportunities

10. Priorities for case studies and research

https://oceanaccounts.unescap.org; #oceanaccounts


Regional expert workshop(August, 2018)

https://oceanaccounts.unescap.org/


Ocean accounts – Map view

National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)SEEA Ecosystem extent- Terrestrial and Freshwater ecosystem types (Land Accounts)- Coastal communities- Coastal infrastructure- Pollution sourcesOcean spatial units- Ocean ecosystem types- Marine protected areas- Fishery, tourism, mining areas- Water quality / temperatureNational statistics- Emissions, effluents, wastes- Assets: fish stock- Supply/use: catch, beneficiariesAnalyses- Main sources of land-based pollution (by whom)- Degraded and pristine “Hot spots”- Cost/benefit of rehabilitation and protection- Value of natural inputs (to whom)- Policy options values at risk- Capture of “rent” (returns on investment)

EU01 EU02

EU04

EU05

EU10 EU11

EU09

EU07EU06

EU08



Ocean accounts – Table view

Ocean Assets:

Drivers Ocean Extent Ocean Services Supply (physical)

Specific units % to ocean hectares

Minerals

(T)

Energy

(MToE)

Fish

stocks (T) Service (specific units)

SEEA Air emissions Beginning of period Provisioning

SEEA Effluents1 + additions Regulating and maintenance

SEEA Solid wastes1 - reductions Cultural1. would benefit from spatial disaggregation End of period Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

Ocean governance Ocean Conditions Ocean Services Use (physical)

Specific units Specific units

Minerals

(T)

Energy

(MToE)

Fish

stocks (T) Service (specific units)

Policies, plans and regulations Acidification (pH) Provisioning

Institutions Eutrophication (BOD) Regulating and maintenance

Management practices Plastics (T) Cultural

Technologies Carbon3 Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

SEEA Protection Expenditures Biodiversity3 4. Disaggregated by coastal/urban/rural, high/low

- research Temperature (°C) income, male/female

- enforcement Accessibility/quality

SEEA Goods and Services 2. Including critical natural capital areas, settlements, coastal Ocean Services Supply (Monetary5)

- technologies infrastructure, protected areas, fishing zones, designated tourist areas, Service (monetary unit)

coral reefs, mangroves, coastal beaches… Provisioning3 As in the SEEA-EEA, Carbon and Biodiversity could be full accounts. Regulating and maintenance

Cultural

Note: This is a stylistic representation of the SEEA-EEA with additional Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

components required for including sources of land-based pollution, 6. Would benefit from 5. Only some services can be valued in monetary terms.

abiotic services (such as minerals, energy and medium for transport), disaggregation by

expenditures and governance. This is not as comprehensive as described large/small enterprise and Ocean Services Use (Monetary4)

in the text. Much of the data on flows of land-based pollution, ecosystem linkage to employment by Service (monetary unit)

types, and condition would be derived from detailed maps and beneficiary type. Provisioning

aggregated as shown in the tables for reporting. Regulating and maintenance

Cultural

Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

Beneficiary type

SEEA-CF Mineral and Energy

Assets; Aquatic resources

Ecosystem Type

Industry

Industry

Ecosystem Type2

Ecosystem Type2 Ecosystem Type

Beneficiary type4

SNA for some services6


It’s not that simple, though



Other UN inter-agency and supported• GESAMP: Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific

Aspects of Marine Environment Protection• GEF: Global Environment Facility • IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change• OneSharedOcean• UNEP: Global Programme of Action for the

Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Bases Activities (GPA)

• DOALOS: The Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects

• UN Environment: Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia (COBSEA); International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)

• World Bank: the Pacific Islands Regional

Oceanscape Program (PROP)International• OECD: Ocean Economy• GEO: Blue PlanetRegional• APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Forum): Ocean and

Fisheries Working Group• ASEAN: Southeast Asian Fisheries Development

Centre (SEAFDC)• CROP: Council of the Regional Organisations in

the Pacific• FAO: Asia-Pacific Fisheries Commission (APFIC)• PEMSEA: Partnerships in Environmental

Management of the Seas in East AsiaAcademic• ICSU: International Council for Science• Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

Many stakeholders many partnershipsUN Oceans


See the workshop concept note for

a more complete list:

https://oceanaccounts.unescap.org

https://oceanaccounts.unescap.org/


A partner mapping (to be continued)



Take home points

• ESCAP is partnering with international, regional and national organizations to provide a platform for strengthening ocean statistics and governance

• SEEA is a statistical standard for environmental-economic accounting

• Ecosystem accounting is a spatially-detailed extension

• Especially SDG 15.9 (ecosystem and biodiversity values)

• Ocean data and statistics are a new challenge• SEEA has not been applied to the ocean

• Many organizations are working on different aspects

• Ocean Accounts extend and adapt the SNA and SEEA to SDG14

• We can save the ocean!• If statisticians collaborate with scientists and policy experts



Thank you for your attention!Questions and comments?

• Acknowledgements:• Prepared by:

• Michael BordtRegional Adviser on Environment Statistics

ESCAP Statistics Division

[email protected]

• Natalie HarmsAssociate Expert for Sustainable Development

ESCAP Environment and Development Division

[email protected]

• Ecosystems adapted from:• Advancing Natural Capital Accounting, a collaboration between The United Nations Statistics Division

(UNSD), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and is supported by the Government of Norway.

• https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/eea_project/default.asp• Contact: [email protected]

28 Ecosystems & the Ocean

mailto:[email protected]


https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/eea_project/default.asp


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