Occdtation @NewstetterVolume III, Number 7 April, 1984

Occultation Newsletter is published by the International Occultation Timing Association. Editor and Compos-itor: H. F. DaBo11; 6 N 106 White Oak Lane; St. Charles, IL 60174; U. S. A. Please send editorial matters,renewals, address changes, and reimbursement requests to the above, but for new memberships, new subscrip-tions, back issues, and any special requests, write to IOTA; P. 0. Box 3392; Columbus, OH 43210-0392; U.S.A.

FROM THE PUBLISHER

For subscription purposes, this is the first issueof 1984.

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When renewing, please give your name and address ex-actly as it appears on your mailing label, so thatwe can locate your file; if the label should be re-vised, tell us how it should be changed.

o.n.'s price is $1.40/issue, or $5.50/year (4 is-sues) including first class surface mailing. Backissues through vo1.2, No. 13 still are priced atonly $1.00/issue; later issues @$1.40. Please seethe masthead for the ordering address. Air mailshipment of o.n. back issues and subscriptions, ifdesired, is 45¢/issue ($1.80/year) extra, outsidethe U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico.

IOTA membership, subscription included, is $11.00/year for residents of North America (including Mexi-CO) and $16.00/year for others, to cover costs ofoverseas air mil. European and U. K. observersshould join iota/es, sending DM 20.-- to Hans-j.Bode, Bartold-knaust Str. 8, 3000 Hannover 91, Ger-

. man Federal Republic."

IOTA NEWS

David Id. Dunham

When the new IOTA officers were elected according toour bylaws at the annual meeting last November, newprocedures had to be established for handling pre-diction requests and processing new memberships ando.n. subscriptions. Unfortunately, there were somemisunderstandings about exactly who should be doingparticular tasks, resulting in processing delays formany who sent requests early this year, We apolo-gize for these delays, and believe that the misun-derstandings causing the delays have been resolved,so that our service should improve in the future.

The second IOTA annual meeting probably will be heldin the Houston, TX, area in late October, early No-vember, or early December; it will need to bescheduled so that it does not conflict with the to-tal solar eclipse expedition to Papua New Guinea or-ganized by Paul Maley (see p. ISO). It would betempting to hold the meeting near the very favorablegrazing occultation of 5.0-mag. 60 Sagittarii on thedark side of a 19% sunlit moon near Ft. Worth, TX,early Monday evening, November 26th, but that likelywould be too close to the solar eclipse trip.

However, there will be some meetings during the nextfew months which may be of interest. On Saturday,june 16th, there will be a regional meeting of oc-cultation observers in Hannover, German Federal Re-public; Hans Bode, address above, phone 0511-424696,can provide details. Main topics will be asteroidaloccultations, solar eclipses, and the InternationalHalley Watch (I.H.W.). I will attend the meeting,which should help with overall coordination betweenIOTA/ES and the main IOTA. On june 14-15, I will bein Rome, Italy, for the end of an I.A.U. colloquiumon comets, and on June 18-19, Bode and I will attendan I.H.W. astrometry meeting near Munich. I willgive a presentation about the astrometric needs forthe ICE (ISEE-3) mission to Comet Giacobini-Zinner(see p. 117 of the last issue), but also hope toround up more international support for astrometricimprovement of asteroidal occultation predictions.

Mark A11man plans to attend the Astronomical Leaguemeeting in Milwaukee, 1AI, on August 1-4, and willlead an IOTA workshop or session. If you are inter-ested in participating, contact him at the IOTA ad-dress (Columbus) given in the masthead, telephone614,863-2422.

The 3rd European Symposium on Occultation projects(ESOP-3) will be held in Czechoslovakia in Septem-ber. Bohumi1 MaleCek is the local organizer. Moreinformation will be announced in a future issue, orcan be obtained from MalaCek or Bode.

The solar eclipse trip in November organized by PaulMaley has been billed as "IOTA Tax Deductible Expe-dition #1." This is probably true for major expedi-tions organized thFough a travel agency. But atleast one IOTA member already has claimed a deduc-tion on his 1983 income tax return for his travel.expenses to attempt to observe last September's oc-cultation of 14 Piscium by (51) Nemausa, which oc-curred after IOTA'S incorporation; see p. 146 of thelast issue. The deductible mileage rate for use ofa personal automobile is less (9 cents per mile for1983 taxes) for service donated to a non-profit sci-entific organization such as IOTA than for businessexpenses. Since the Internal Revenue Service willmonitor our tax-exempt status, we need to be carefulthat it is not abused by individuals, or the statuscould be revoked. Tentatively, we plan to distrib-ute a simple expense form which members or other ob-servers need to complete for each IOTA trip theyclaim. The form will be submitted to the IOTA Trea-surer at the (St. Charles) address given in themasthead, who will verify that the listed expensesare a service donated to IOTA (with stamp and ini-

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tials), and return the form to the individual.Forms for several trips, perhaps all during a givenyear, could be sent at one time to save postage.More information will appear in a future issue. Itmay be a few months before the forms are prepared,since the next U.S. federal income tax deadline isalmost a year away. In the meantime, keep carefulrecords of the expenses which you plan to deduct.

The new book, Solar System Photometry Handbook, edi-ted by Russ Genet, features a schematic of a grazingoccultation on the cover. The book has forewords byDouglas Hal] and me. There are ten chapters, in-cluding "Photometry of Asteroids" by Rick Binze1;"Photometry of Comets" by Michael A'Hearn; "Occulta-tions by Planets and Satellites" by Robert Millis;"Asteroid Occultations" by Alan Harris; "Lunar Oc-cultations" by Graham Blow; and "Portable High SpeedPhotometer project" by Peter Chen. The 224-pagebook can be obtained for $17.95 (plus $1.00 postageand handling for North Americans, $2.00 for thoseoverseas, plus $3.25 if registration is desired)from Willman-Be]1, Inc.; P.0. Box 3125; Richmond,VA 23235; U.S.A.; telephone 804,320-7016.

vol. 4, No. 13 (January-March, 1984) of Universo,the official publication of the Liga Ibero-Americanadc Astronomia, is a "numero especial dedicado a qc-ultaciones." It includes a seven-page article byjorge Polman, director of the Occultation Section ofLIADA, entitled "As OcultaCOes dc Estrelas pela Luae por Planetoides," and a nine-page account of lastMay's Pa11as occultation by Paul Maley, "Midiendo laForma dc un Asteroide."

Unfortunately, time again does not permit publishingan article and summary about observed grazing occul-tations. I am more determined than ever to prepareone for the next issue. Robert Sandy has kept busypreparing reduction profiles of several of the bet-ter-observed grazes, some of which will be publishedin the next issue. Station data were sent to thegraze computors in late April, so they could begincalculating the predictions for the last half of1984. The graze data tape for 1985 is being pre-pared at U.S.N.O., so that copies might be distrib-uted to the computors much earlier than in previousyears. The grazing occultation manual mentioned onp. 116 of the last issue got sidetracked; the effortthat would have been devoted to it went into the pa-per about observing the May 30th eclipse (see page149. I hope that the preliminary version will beready in a few months.

Work on the annular solar eclipse has kept me busierthan expected, delaying this issue and other pro-jects, especially the preparation of the first draftof the paper on last May's Pa11as occultation forthe Astronomical journal. I expect to work on thePa11as paper in June, and hope to complete it earlyin july. After that, I will work on a comprehensivepaper including all visual observations of last Sep-tember's Nemausa occultation, but I also will needto begin calculations for 1985 occultations for myannual Sky and Telescope articles (their deadlinesare now much earlier than in the past). Also I havebeen asked to organize my occultation double stardata better. However, the other projects mentionedabove are more important, so I doubt that I will beable to do anything with the occultation double stardata during the next several months. I hope to men-tion some important double star developments in the

next issue. We plan to hold this issue to 10 pages, :and publish another issue (number 8) probably early ;in june, to try to get caught up with our publica- ,tion schedule. That issue will include mainly a :grazing occultation article, summary, and more of

" Bob Sandy's plots, as well as charts and maps ofplanetary occultations for the following few months.I hope that issue number 9, targeted for August orSeptember, will be a more "normal" issue.

OCCULTATION OF VENUS BY THE SUN

Mitsuru SOma

Venus will pass behind the sun on june 15-16. Firstcontact will be on June 15th at 5h 35m U.T. in posi-tion angle 311?0 and 3rd contact will take place onjune 16th at 10h 00m in p.a. 28?6. Second and 4thcontacts will be 23 minutes after these respectiveevents, the amount of time for the edge of the sun \to pass over Venus' 9:6-diameter disk. I estimate ,that the uncertainty of the predicted times is ± 10minutes. Professor Hiei and I plan to observe thisphenomenon with the coronagraph at the Norikura sta-tion of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory in orderto investigate the relativistic light deflection dueto solar gravity. we encourage workers in othercountries also to attempt observation of this diffi-cult event. The Eastern Hemisphere is favored.

(CORRECTION)3

The note "Correction Corrected" (see o.n. 3 (6) 146)needs further correction. The page number of theincorrect correction is 114, and the article is not"Planetary Occultations During 1984," but instead is"IOTA NEWS."

THE ASTEROID RESEARCH PROJECT

Jim Stamn

The A.R.P. was organized for the purpose of confirm-ing asteroid duplicity, by having as many observers '"as possible monitor asteroid appulses as well as qc- """cu1tations. We continually are seeking additionalobservers to become ARP participants.

For each event that is visible from anywhere in thecontiguous 48 states, we prepare an observationform. It lists the general conditions of the eventand includes finder and eyepiece fields. Local cir-cumstances are provided by joseph Carroll, and canbe added to the form. These forms, as well as re-port forms, news items, and tips on observing, tim-ing, etc., can be had for a self-addressed stamped(37¢ for initial requests) envelope. Send requeststo me at Rt 13 Box 109; London, KV 40741; U.S.A.

If members of IOTA in other countries wish to organ-ize similar projects, i would be most happy to sup-ply forms and information on doing so.

OBSERVATIONS OF ASTEROIDAL APPULSES AND OCCULTATIONS

David w. Dunham

Henceforth, observations of asteroidal appulsesshould be sent to jim Stam (address above), tele-phone 606,864-7763. As a cooperative effort involv-ing his Asteroid Research project and IOTA, Jim willprepare future sumary articles, similar to this

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one, for o.n. This should give me some time to workon other tasks while documenting observers' effortsto watch for asteroidal occultations more thoroughlythan I have been able to do. I will provide Stammwith information about astrometric updates to in-clude with his articles. Reports sent to Stamshould identify the appulse (date, asteroid, andstar), your geographical position, the time youstarted and ended observation, telescope aperture,other pertinent information about the observation(such as visibility of the asteroid and approximatelimiting magnitude), and preferably the predictedU.T. and distance of closest approach at your loca-tion.

If you are reasonably sure that one or more occulta-tions of the star occurred at your location, youshould use the lunar occultation report forms of theInternational Lunar Occultation Centre, or theequivalent IOTA graze report forms, marking the nameof the asteroid at the top of the front side of theform. Do not send the report to ILOC, but rathersend copies to me at P.0. Box 7488, Silver Spring,MD 20907, U.S.A.; to Gordon Taylor, H.M. NauticalAlmanac Office, Royal Greenwich Observatory, Herst-monceux Castle, Hailsham, Sussex BN27 1RP, England;to Jim Stamm; and to any other professional astrono-mer (such as Bob Mi11is at Lowell Observatory, Flag-staff, AZ, or Leif Kristensen at Aarhus University,Denmark) in your region who plans to analyze the ob-servations for a publication. Indicate on the re-port to whom copies have been sent.

Most of the asteroid occultation activity duringearly 1984 has shifted to Europe, as the photoelec-tric transit telescope at Bordeaux, France, hasproven to give astrometric updates as accurate aslarge-scale last-minute photographic observationsusing secondary reference star positions measuredfrom large-field Lick Observatory plates. Since theBordeaux telescope is limited to the meridian, boththe star and asteroid must cross the meridian in adark sky (i.e., not too far from opposition) andboth must be brighter than 13th magnitude. Unfor-tunately, personal problems and the demands of othercompeting projects limited the ability of Lick Ob-servatory to update asteroidal occultations earlythis year. Arnold Klemola's essentially unique as-trometric abilities at Lick have become too wellknown, so that nearly everyone needing the best as-trometric accuracy is turning to him.

Accounts of individual events are given below. [Ed:Most of the accounts will be in the next o.n. issue]

(56) Melete and SAD 139812, 1982 july 7: GregoryL{zenga, LaVerne, Calif., saw no occultation between7 20m and 7h SOm U.T.; the star appeared "rocksteady" in his 20-cm telescope throughout the peri-od. This casts some doubt on the long occultationreported by Gregg noted in o.n. 3 (I), 5, since hislocation at Escondido was about a third of the pre-dicted diameter from the LaVerne path. But Meletecould have been very elongated in its direction ofmotion.

PLANS FOR MAY 30TH, AND OTHER ECLIPSE NEWS

David Id. Dunham and joan Bixby Dunham

An article about the partial eclipse of the sun vis-ible from most of North America and Europe will be

published in the May issue of Sky and Telescope,which will be received by most readers before thisissue of O.n. A section of that article entitled"Eclipse Event Timings Sought" gives some observingtips for recording the annular phase of the eclipseand notes IOTA'S plans for coordinating observa-tions, including telephone message centers and theaddresses and telephone numbers of regional coordi-nators in Mexico and each state crossed by the nar-row path. There are also good articles about theeclipse by Fred Espenak and Allen Seltzer in the Mayissue of Astronomy magazine, including a wealth ofinformation on observing and photographing theeclipse which nicely supplement other papers aboutthe eclipse by us and by Alan Fiala. You should usepublished photographic exposure tables with caution.At a recent local meeting about the eclipse, IOTAmember Bob Bolster showed several slides of the suntaken with different exposure speeds through astopped-down telescope with neutral density filter.Sunspot details showed well in some of his pictures,but if he had used the tables in Astronomy magazine,the pictures would have been underexposed. Be sureto set up and test your equipment at least a coupleof weeks beforehand, taking a variety of exposures(if you are planning photography), so that you cansee what will work best with your particular ar-rangement.

Early in April, we distributed the first IOTA coor-dinator's notice package about the eclipse. Thisincluded detailed computer predictions of the limitsof broken and partial annularity, taking into ac-count the lunar profile; a description of the pre-dictions and how they were computed; positioningstrategy for the eclipse in Mexico, the Azores, andMorocco (true annularity region), from Louisiana toAlabama (limiting region of true annularity), andfrom Georgia to Maryland (broken annularity); timingmethods; information on photographing or videotapingthe eclipse either directly or by projection; visualobserving methods; local arrangements known at thetime; figures illustrating the different types ofannularity, a radial diagram in ten-degree sectorsfor helping visual observers using projection, andsequences illustrating the eclipse as seen from theannu1arity limits and central line; a copy of thenotice which we had prepared for last year's totalsolar eclipse; and, in some cases, copies of1:250,000-scale maps showing the broken and partialannularity zone from Greensboro, NG, to AssateagueIsland, MD.

The regional coordinators are contacting local coor-dinators in their regions. The local coordinatorsare scouting out specific sites and are to reportplanned meeting times and places to the regional co-ordinators and to us. In a future notice, we planto include as many of the local coordinators as pos-sible, with meeting times and places, so that anyonecan be redirected to someone who has detailed localinformation, in case weather forces many to travelto regions they had not originally planned for ob-servation. The local coordinators have been askedto locate many extra observing sites for possibleuse by others coming from outside their areas.

If you are planning to observe the eclipse, pleasecontact the coordinator for the region in which youplan to observe, so that you can obtain accurate lo-cal information. This also will help local coordi-nators in knowing how many observers to expect in

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their areas. You should send the coordinator along, self-addressed stamped envelope. For 20¢postage, the coordinator can send one page of localinformation and the text part of the 1st coordina-tor's notice. For 37¢, more local information (per-haps some maps) and/or the 1983 eclipse notice canbe enclosed. The figures can be included also with54¢, and the computer predictions for a total post-age of 71¢ (a very fat envelope).

The observations of the total solar eclipse in Javalast june apparently indicated a north shift ofabout a kilometer. Since the moon and the earthwere in approximately the same part of their orbitsthen as they will be on May 30th, a similar shiftprobably will occur this year. Early in May, wewill analyze the 1983 data to determine the shiftthat occurred then, and pass this result on to theregional coordinators. The narrowness of the pathof annularity makes precise positioning more import-ant for this eclipse than for most others.

Most IOTA members in North America probably have re-ceived a mailing from Hanssen International, Inc.,giving information about the IOTA/Johnson Space Cen-ter Astronomical Society expedition organized byPaul Maley to observe the total solar eclipse in Pa-pua New Guinea on November 22nd, with visits to NewZealand and Australia. This is not the only IOTAexpedition for the November eclipse; Hans Bode alsohas organized an expedition for European observersto travel to Indonesia and observe the eclipse fromWest Irian. The plan is for Bode's group, and per-haps another expedition from Australia, to try tocover the southern limit while Maley's group ob-serves near the northern limit. Some tentativeplans had been made earlier to observe the eclipsenear the southern limit on Sandy Island, shown as alarge sand bar on many maps. These plans were aban-doned when checking Landsat imagery and recent nau-tical records showed that the island no longer ex-ists, and is under water.

The revised solar radius results published on p. 119of the last issue need some revision, or at leastexplanation. The corrections listed used all obser-vations, central as well as polar (those made nearthe eclipse limits). The results for 1925 were dom-inated by central timings, while the others mainlyresulted from observations near the edges of theeclipse paths. If only polar data were used, theresults for 1925 and 1979 would be +O;'Si ±0!'08 and-0!'10 ±0!'07, respectively. For reasons which havebeen explained in other articles, we feel that theedge observations give the most accurate result.Hence, the solar radius appears to have been signif-icantly larger in 1925 than in 1979, not the rela-tively insignificant difference which one might in-fer from the numbers published last time.

Since this issue of o.n. probably will be distribut-ed before the 2nd eclipse coordinators' notice, wewill correct some of the information given in thelst notice about local arrangements. Michael Wat-son's organizational efforts are for the Royal As-tronomical Society of Canada. They will have atleast one full bus with at least 47 observers. ThePetersburg National Military Park, which they planto use, is well located astride the path of brokenannularity and is probably the best site in the Pe-tersburg area. The statement in the 1st coordina-tors' notice about it being south of the broken an-

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nularity zone is wrong; that was caused by our mis- ,interpretation of the park's location on the1:250,000-scale map of the area. Also, the R.A.S. .C.'s alternate site is not near Greenville, NG; spe- "cifica11y, it is at the Gui1ford Ch. National Mili-tary Park, also within the zone of broken annulari-ty, in the northern suburbs of Greensboro. The A.A.V.S.O. has changed its meeting to the PetersburgHoliday Inn - north, which is within the broken an-nularity zone near the junction of 1-85 and 1-95 notfar from the R.A.S.C.'S site. We plan to observewith the National Capital Astronomers, tentativelyplanning to stay Tuesday night at the Econolodge inSouth Hill, VA, about 45 miles southwest of Peters-burg. We plan to observe from open rural countryaround Bishops Corner, 10 miles to the north, fromsome of the same sites where we observed a spectacu-lar graze of 115 Tauri on 1979 April 30.

UPCOMING ASTEROIDAL OCCULTATIONS '

David W. Dunham

The next North American events for which "last-min-ute" astrometric updates are planned are the occul-tations by (21) Lutetia on May 16 (the moon will be98% sunlit waning and 30° away at the time; astrome-try will be difficult, since two days before, the99% sunlit waxing moon will pass 1?5 away); (704)Interamnia on June 18 (new event, see below); per-haps (145) Adeona on June 24; and (209) Dido on June30. North American astrometry will be impossiblefor the occultation by (326) Tamara on June 4; nev-ertheless, observers with a good southern horizon,especially in the southwestern U.S.A., are encour-aged to try to follow the star for a possible occul-tation. In addition to the telephone numbers givenon p. 131 of the last issue, last-minute predictionupdates can now also be obtained from the answeringmachine at the Astronomical Society of Harrisburg'sobservatory at Lewisberry, PA, phone 717,938-6041;and from a machine which we recently put on our homephone line in Silver Spring, MD, at 301,585-0989. .We plan to get a separate number, which will be used ,primarily for the answering machine, but until weget it and can announce it in o.n., the above numberwill be used. Messages up to 30 minutes long alsocan be left! Incoming messages can be retrieved,and the outgoing message updated, from any remotetelephone, which would have been very convenient forlast year's Pa11as and Nemausa events!

j. Lecacheux at Paris Observatory, Meudon, France,says that the Bordeaux photoelectric transit tele-scope will be used, when weather and astronomicalcircumstances permit, to update predictions for as-teroidal occultations which might occur in westernEurope. See the article on observations starting onp. 148 for accounts of recent successes with thisinstrument. Gordon Taylor in England, joe Churms inSouth Africa, and perhaps others will attempt last-minute astrometry for other events.

Bob Mi11is, Otto Franz, Larry Wasserman, and TedBowell have found several asteroidal occultations ofuncatalogued stars by the larger asteroids during1984, similar to the ones they found for 1983 des-cribed in o.n. 3 (2), 25. A list of these will bepublished in the next issue, after they have ap-peared in an article by the Lowell astronomers inthe May issue of the Astronomical journal. Some oc-cultations of Astrographic Catalog stars by (51) Ne-

151

" mausa which I have found occurring' during the last months of the year

also will be included in the next

· issue. But in order to give ob-servers some time to plan observa-tions, information about twoevents in June are given here. OnJune 10, from U.T. 12h 2m to gm,(704) Interamnia (diameter 339 km,mag. 10.8, distance 2.09 A.U.)will occult 10.9-mag. L944915 at1950 R.A. jgh 1'!'8, Dec. -24° 41',L\m=0.7, central duration 30 sec-onds. The nominal path crossesNew Zealand and Queensland. An88% sunlit moon will be 65° away.On june 18, Interamnia will occult12.2-mag. L944503 at 1950 R.A. 18h55!!'4, Dec. -24° 14', L\m=0.2, cen-

, tra1 duration 27 seconds. My nom-, ina] path just barely misses theearth's surface, but a reasonable

south shift would put the pathacross the U.S.A. A 78% sunlitwaning moon will be 41° away. The97% sunlit waning moon will passonly 2° away on June 15, compli-cating the last-minute astrometryplanned for this event.

Bob Mi11is recently checked theAstrographic Catalog star predict-ed to be occulted by (g) Metis onMay 18th, and discovered that itwas in both the AGK3 and SAD cata-logs. The SAD gives its spectraltype as KO and mag. 9.2, muchbrighter than the blue-sensitiveA.C. magnitude. That's the goodnews; the bad news is that the po-sition is much different, so thatthe occultation path will miss theearth's surface. That's why itwasn't found in earlier catalog

"" searches at Lowell and RoyalGreenwich observatories. Thestar, SAD 118990 = B.D. "9° 2533,has a proper motion of almost 12"/century in R.A. At the A.C. epochof 1905, the SAD and A.C. R.A.'Sdiffer by only 1R, but now thedifference is about 6". The prop-er motion in Dec. is very smalland all declinations agree withinabout 1". Klemola did not realizethis a few weeks ago, when he ob-tained three Lick Observatory ex-posures on March 29th includingboth the star and Metis. The Me-tis ephemeris was only about 1"off and his position of the staris about 1!'6 from the SAD positionand 7" from the A.C. position.The Lick data confirm that thepath will miss the earth's surfaceby 3" to the north, so we will notpublish a finder chart, or region-al or world maps for this event;even the possible satellite wouldmiss by at least 2".

[The remainder of this issue is a

continuation of the article "Planetary Occultations During 1984."]

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