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Stephanie Hamilton, Ed.D., SCT(ASCP)IACSonya Griffin, MS, SCT(ASCP)IAC

Using Educational Games in Cytotechnology Curricula

Objectives

Upon completion of this presentation, participants should be able to:

• Recall the principles of game design through the use of a game;

• Identify advantages of utilizing games in the cytotechnology curriculum;

• Create a game for use within the participant’s program.

Theories Underpinning Gaming

• “Law of Emotional Learning”:– Events that elicit emotions result in long-

lasting learning

• “Law of Practice and Feedback”:– Learners must have repeat practice and

constructive feedback to learn effectively

Benefits of Games

• Engage learners generating excitement

• Students learn from each other through non-threatening team collaboration

• Increase content retention

• Utilize for different levels of Bloom’s taxonomy

Benefits of Games

• Appeal to different learning styles

• Bridge generation gaps

• Teachers can gauge what students have absorbed

• Provide flexibility; give break from lecture format

Creating an Effective Game

• Take liberties with rules and format to fit needs• Deliver serious content in a fun, engaging way• Blend skill (ex.: recall of info) with chance element

(ex.: doubling of scores during 2nd round)• Elaborate on an answer, explain, correct, apply

content to a real-world scenario• Mix teams of stronger and weaker students

Resources• Yaman, D. & Covington, M. (2006). I’ll take

learning for 500: Using game shows to engage, motivate, and train. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

• www.learningware.com (Gameshow Prep)• www.puzzle-maker.com/cw/• www.variety-games.com/CW/Puzzles• http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/PPT-games/• http://facstaff.uww.edu/jonesd/games/index.html• http://teachers.net/classifieds/tcm/topic143/2.10.0

6.15.25.29.html• CD with templates, Grace Schaufer, PhD, MD

Anderson Cancer Center, Faculty Development

GI PASSWORD

GI PASSWORD PFS.ppt

GYN TRIVIA

triviatpl.ppt

JEOPARDY, FNA

Jeopardy, FNA.ppt

ODD MAN OUT-CYTOPREP

Odd Man Out, Cytopreparation.ppt

Gyn Criteria Game

Other Features

Architecture

Nucleoli

Chromatin

Nuclear Membrane

Nuclear Size

ASC-HASCUSNKSCCAKSCCAHSILLSILSquamousLesions/Criteria

Gyn Criteria Game

2.5 to 3 times size of intermediate nucleus

Koilocytes

Coarsely granular, butevenly distributed

Cells occur singly, in sheets or syncytia

Macronucleoliusually seen

Irregular

Smooth to Slightly irregular

Greater than 50%of cell area

Coarse chromatin,irregularly distributed

Tumor diathesis

Absent, inconspicuous

Usually single,isolated cells

3 times size of intermediate nucleus

Irregular, prominent indentationsor smooth and oval

Usually absentbut may be seen

Cells occur singly or in sheets

Bizarre shapes, pleomorphic

Gyn Criteria GameCRITERIA TABLE

Squamous Lesions/Criteria

LSIL HSIL KSCCA NKSCCA ASCUS ASC-H

Nuclear Size 3 times size of intermediate

nucleus

Greater than 50% of cell area

Vary markedly in size

High N/C ratio, cells frequently

smaller than those of HSIL

2.5 to 3 times size of

intermediate nucleus

Greater than 50% of cell area

Nuclear Membrane

Smooth to slightly irregular

Irregular, prominent

indentations or smooth and oval in shape (CIS)

Irregular Irregular or oval in shape

Smooth to slightly irregular

Smooth or irregular

Chromatin Coarsely granular, but

uniformly distributed or smudged or

densely opaque (HPV)

Coarsely granular, but

evenly distributed

Coarse chromatin, irregularly

distributed or densely opaque

Coarse chromatin, irregularly distributed

Slightly coarse, but uniformly

distributed

Fine to coarsely granular, but

evenly distributed

Nucleoli Absent, inconspicuous

Usually absent, but may be seen

Macronucleoli may be seen, but

not usually

Macronucleoli usually seen

Absent, inconspicuous

Usually absent

Architecture Cells occur singly or in

sheets

Cells occur singly, in sheets

or syncytia

Usually single isolated cells

Cells occur singly or in

syncytia


sheets


small fragments Other Features Koilocytes

Dyskeratocytes Bizarre shapes,

pleomorphic Dense

orangeophilic cytoplasm

Tumor diathesis

CROSSWORD PUZZLE—Benign Changes in Pap

Smears

Game: “It’s Your Turn”

• Divide group into 2 groups or each table can be a group.

• Group will name 1 or more of the benefits of gaming in the curriculum, depending on how many groups.

• Individuals within group will get reward for correct answers.

A Vocabulary Review Activity

Setup Directions:Type a vocabulary word on each of the following 10 slides in the subtitle textbox. When complete, run the show by pressing F5 on the keyboard.One student stands with back to this presentation.The class gives the student clues to the vocabulary word onscreen as a clock keeps time.

CYTO Directions:

The student tries to guess the word before the buzzer sounds.KEEP DESCRIPTIONS TO GI CYTOMORPHOLOGY (DO NOT REFER TO FGT AND/OR RESPIRATORY TRACT).Hint: The Password may be more than one word.

Ready to play?

CARCINOID

The is…

CHRONIC GASTRITIS

The is…

GIARDIA LAMBLIA

The is…

CHIEF CELLS

The is…

CHOLELITHIASIS

The is…

ARGENTAFFIN CELLS

The is…

LINITIS PLASTICA

The is…

DARIER-WHITE DISEASE

The is…

PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS

The is…

HYDATID CYST

The is…

CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

The is…

GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA

The is…

INTESTINAL ADENOCARCINOMA

The is…

GIST

The is…

ISLET OF LANGERHAN

The is…

CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

The is…

Hepatoblastoma

The is…

Barrett’s esophagus

The is…

Parietal Cells

The is…

Gastric-Type Adenoca.

The is…

Campylobacter pylori

The is…

Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma

The is…

Kulchitsky cells

The is…

Fundus (stomach)

The is…

Intestinal Metaplasia

The is…

Gastric polyps

The is…

GI lymphomas

The is…

H. pylori

The is…

Bile Duct Cells

The is…

Chief Cells

The is…

Lipofuscin

The is…

Pancreatic Carcinoid

The is…

Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

The is…

Kupffer cells

The is…

Mallory Bodies

The is…

Ampulla of Vater

The is…

Giardia Lamblia

The is…

MALT

The is…

1

Odd Man Out

Cytopreparation

Instructions• Divide into two teams.• Four items will be shown. Teams must identify which of the four

does not belong with the others and why.• The first team to hit the buzzer will get the first opportunity to

identify the ‘odd man out’. If they are correct, they get one point and the opportunity to identify why. If they are wrong, they must sit down and cannot make another attempt to answer this question. The remaining teams may attempt to answer the question.

• When a team correctly identifies the odd man, they must also explain why. Two points will be awarded for an explanation which matches the one give. The instructor may award one point for analternative explanation.

2

Why?

Explanation

Question 1

Mecuricoxide

Lithiumcarbonate

Scott’s Tap Water

Ammonium Hydroxide

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

Why?

Explanation

Question 2

AFB

India ink

Mucicarmine

GMS

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

3

Why?

Explanation

Question 3

Pap Stain

GramStain

GiemsaStain

DiffQuik

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

Why?

Explanation

Question 4

100%Ethanol

80%Isopropanol

100%Methanol

95%Ethanol

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

4

Why?

Explanation

Question 5

Chrisp chromatin

Nuclear swelling

Palecolor

Lack ofdetail

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

Why?

Explanation

Question 6

DNAquantification

Celldifferentiation

Cytoplasmictransparency

Defined nucleardetail

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

5

Why?

Explanation

Question 7

Prepares slides for hematoxylin

Prepares slidefor cytoplasmic

stains

Takes waterout of cells

Prepares slides for xylene

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

Why?

Explanation

Question 8

Progressive Ehrlich’s

HCL

Harris’s

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

6

Why?

Explanation

Question 9

Fastgreen

Bismarckbrown

Eosin Y

LightGreen SF

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

Why?

Explanation

Question 10

Metaplasticcells

Maturecells

Nucleoli

Cilia

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

7

Why?

Explanation

Question 8

Phosphotungstic acid

Ammoniumaluminum

sulfate

Hematoxylinpowder

Mercuric oxide

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

Why?

Explanation

Question 9

Actinomyces

Mucor

Pneumocystis

Blastomyces

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

8

Why?

Explanation

Question 10

Ironstain

AFB

PAS

Mucicarmine

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

Why?

Explanation

Question 9

Water

Absoluteethanol

Absoluteisopropanol

Mounting medium

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

9

Why?

Explanation

Question 10

Cornflakeartifact

Graphite

Pollen

Talc

Item 1

Item 4Item 2

Item 3

Next Question

last

Thanks for playing!

1

Fine Needle AspirationsFine Needle Aspirations

InstructionsInstructions

• Divide into four teams.• Instructor will click on the first question in the first

column (1,A).• The first team to press the buzzer will attempt to

answer the question. If they get it right, then they get to points associated with the question and get to select the next question. If not, then the other teams can try to answer the question.

• Play continues until all questions have been selected. The team that accumulates the most points wins.

• Divide into four teams.• Instructor will click on the first question in the first

column (1,A).• The first team to press the buzzer will attempt to

answer the question. If they get it right, then they get to points associated with the question and get to select the next question. If not, then the other teams can try to answer the question.

• Play continues until all questions have been selected. The team that accumulates the most points wins.

2

100100 100100

200200 200200

400400 400400

300300

400400

Thyroid BreastSalivary Gland

Kidney & Adrenal

300300 300300 300300

200200

400400

200200

100100

500500 500500 500500 500500

100100

3,A3,A

This benign condition has abundant colloid and low

cellularity

What is a Colloid Nodule?

3

1,B1,B

This aspirate shows high cellularity, naked bipolar

nuclei, and branching epithelial clusters like

antlers

What is Fibroadenoma?

1,C1,C

Occurring mainly in the parotid, both epithelial andmesenchymal elements mustbe present for this diagnosis

What is Pleomorphic Adenoma?

4

1,D1,D

This tumor in the kidney shows blastema cells and occurs in children

What is Wilm’s Tumor or Nephroblastoma?

2,A2,A

This autoimmune disease is characterized by presence of

lymphocytes and Hurthle cells

What is Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?

5

2,B2,B

Typically a low-grade lesion,this breast cancer shows

small cells, singly, lining up and/or molding

What is Lobular Carcinoma?

2,C2,C

This aspirate has flat sheets ofoncocytes and polymorphic

lymphocytes

What is Warthin’s Tumor?

6

2,D2,D

These 3-D structures withtangled capillary vesselsare found in aspirations

of normal kidney

What are glomeruli?

1,A1,A

This cancer is characterized by powdery chromatin and

intranuclear vacuoles

What is Papillary Carcinoma?

7

3,B3,B

This is a type of ductalcarcinoma with

lymphocytes in the background

What is Medullary Carcinoma?

3,C3,C

This common malignancyof the parotid shows cells withvacuolated cytoplasm and cells

with dense cytoplasm andsquamous features

What is Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma?

8

3,D3,D

Known as the 10% tumor, this adrenal gland neoplasmwill produce increased levels

of catecholamines, particulary epinephrine

What is Pheochromocytoma?

4,A4,A

This condition shows flame cells,abundant colloid on cytology

and patients have exophthalmia

What is Graves Disease?

9

4,B4,B

This aspiration shows fibroblastswith prominent nucleoli but

bland chromatin, myospherules, and lipophages

What is Fat Necrosis?

4,C4,C

AKA cylindroma, this tumoris made up of basaloid cells

surrounding basementmembrane material

What is Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma?

10

4,D4,D

Cells from this kidney aspiratehave koilocytic-like clearing

and are positive for colloidal iron

What is Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma?

5,A5,A

This tumor is calcitonin+, has amyloid and plasmacytoid

cells

What is Medullary Carcinoma?

11

5,B5,B

This aspiration shows lobular cells in loose small clusters,

with bare nuclei and distinct nucleoli

What is a Lactating Adenoma?

5,C5,C

This highly cellular aspiratehas cells with PAS+zymogen granules in

the cytoplasm

What is Acinic Cell Carcinoma?

12

5,D5,D

This tumor of the kidney usually has a

central stellate fibrous scar that can be detected

on imaging studies and lipid and glycogen negative

What is an Oncocytoma?

GYN CYTOGYN CYTOTRIVIATRIVIA

FINAL Exam FINAL Exam ReviewReview

Click for Question

A smear with ECCS and less A smear with ECCS and less than 10% squamous cells than 10% squamous cells

would be classified as:would be classified as:

Unsat

Click for: Answer and next Question

Which HPV type is Which HPV type is associated with ECC Adeno.associated with ECC Adeno.

18


Structure that develops in Structure that develops in the ovary from the ruptured the ovary from the ruptured

Graafian follicle is called:Graafian follicle is called:

Corpus

Luteum


Pregnancy associated Pregnancy associated change in the endometriumchange in the endometrium

Decidual

reaction


Likely to be seen shortly Likely to be seen shortly following radiation therapy?following radiation therapy?

Cell

Enlargement


In the FGT _____ converts In the FGT _____ converts glycogen into lactic acidglycogen into lactic acid

Doderlein

bacilli


A group of cells which areA group of cells which areirregularly arranged, oneirregularly arranged, one

to another, and have to another, and have indistinct cell bordersindistinct cell borders

Synctial

mass


Ovarian tumor classicallyOvarian tumor classicallyseen in Meigseen in Meig’’s syndromes syndrome

Fibroma


Endocrinopathy associatedEndocrinopathy associatedwith endometrial adenoca.with endometrial adenoca.

Stein

Leventhal


The most likely anatomic The most likely anatomic site of SCC of the cervixsite of SCC of the cervix

Anterior

Cervical Lip


Frequently clean backgd, Frequently clean backgd, occasional tumor diathesis occasional tumor diathesis

in a cervical samplein a cervical sample

Microinvasive

SCC


A large, bulky exophytic A large, bulky exophytic growth is characteristic of growth is characteristic of

this tumorthis tumorKSCC


The most specific etiologic The most specific etiologic factor in the genesis of factor in the genesis of

endometrial neoplasia is:endometrial neoplasia is:

Unopposed

Estrogen


As compared to squamous As compared to squamous lesions (SIL to CA) the lesions (SIL to CA) the

nuclei of glandular lesions nuclei of glandular lesions (AIS to CA) become ____ (AIS to CA) become ____

in sizein size

larger


The clinical symptom most The clinical symptom most commonly associated with commonly associated with

ECC Adenoca is: ECC Adenoca is: Vaginal

Bleeding


Adenocarcinoma cells andAdenocarcinoma cells andbenign metaplastic cells orbenign metaplastic cells orkeratinized squamous cellskeratinized squamous cells

Adenoacanthoma


Aneuploid DNA will never Aneuploid DNA will never be found in _______be found in _______

Normal

cells


______adenocarcinoma ______adenocarcinoma means the tumor resembles means the tumor resembles

the parent tissuethe parent tissue

Well-Differentiated


In what physiologic In what physiologic condition does oral or condition does oral or parenteral estrogen parenteral estrogen

administration not result in administration not result in a marked proliferation of a marked proliferation of the vaginal epitheliymthe vaginal epitheliym

Normal pregnancy


In the pathway of In the pathway of development of large celldevelopment of large cell

CIS, an early cellular CIS, an early cellular change ischange is

Atypical reserve

Cell hyperplasia


Dysplastic squamous cells displaying Dysplastic squamous cells displaying occasional opaque nuclei and caudate or occasional opaque nuclei and caudate or

elongated cellular configuarations elongated cellular configuarations generally arise from a lesion locatedgenerally arise from a lesion located

On the ectocervix


____ ____ is characterized by one or more is characterized by one or more layers of primitive cells in a subcolumnar layers of primitive cells in a subcolumnar

position between an overlying position between an overlying endocervical lining epithelium and and endocervical lining epithelium and and

underlying basement membraneunderlying basement membrane

Reserve

Cell

HyperplasiaClick for: Answer and next Question

The located of the TZ is The located of the TZ is located _______ in PMP located _______ in PMP

femalefemale

In the Endocx.


Fibroblasts and capillaries Fibroblasts and capillaries make upmake up

Granulation Tissue


Metastatic, mucinMetastatic, mucin--producing, signet ring producing, signet ring

malignant cells in the ovary malignant cells in the ovary most frequently come frommost frequently come from

Intestinal

Carcinoma


PostPost--radiation dysplastic radiation dysplastic cells when compared to cells when compared to classic dysplastic cellsclassic dysplastic cells

smaller


The most sensitive The most sensitive technique to identify a technique to identify a specific HPV type is:specific HPV type is:

DNA

hybridization


Malignant tumor of fibrous Malignant tumor of fibrous connective tissueconnective tissue

Fibrosarcoma


_______ducts differentiates _______ducts differentiates into the tubes and uterus?into the tubes and uterus?

Mullerian


A patch of endocervical epithelium A patch of endocervical epithelium on the ectocervix in a ringon the ectocervix in a ring--like zone like zone around external os _____ around external os _____

Eversion/Ectropion


A neuroendocrine A neuroendocrine malignancymalignancy

arising in the cervix:arising in the cervix:

Small

Cell Ca.


A synonym for Stein A synonym for Stein Leventhal syndrome, risk Leventhal syndrome, risk

factor for endometrial factor for endometrial carcinoma, is ___carcinoma, is ___

Polycystic

Ovarian disease


Nucleoli are most Nucleoli are most prominent in which prominent in which endometrial lesion?endometrial lesion?

Poorly diff.

Endomet. Adenoca.

Or Grade IV


In comparison to cells of In comparison to cells of ECC adenoca, the ECC adenoca, the

chromatin in squamous cell chromatin in squamous cell carcinoma is carcinoma is

Coarsely

granular


The cytoplasmic changes The cytoplasmic changes associated with folic acid associated with folic acid

deficiency are most likely to deficiency are most likely to be confused with postbe confused with post--rad. rad.

dysplasiadysplasia

Post-rad.

Dysplasia


Which desquamated Which desquamated squamous lesion has the squamous lesion has the

largest mean nuclear area?largest mean nuclear area?

Dysplasia


Small, round cells Small, round cells containingcontaining

dysplastic nuclei are located dysplastic nuclei are located ____ to the ____ cervical ____ to the ____ cervical

osos

Proximal

,external


What is the first event in What is the first event in the squamous metaplastic the squamous metaplastic

process?process?

Reserve Cell

Hyperplasia


The cytoplasm of ECC The cytoplasm of ECC adenoca is described as:adenoca is described as:

granular


Finding psammoma bodies Finding psammoma bodies isis

least suggestive of least suggestive of malignancy in specimens malignancy in specimens

obtained by: obtained by:

Cul-de-sac aspiration


H. Ducreyii is the causativeH. Ducreyii is the causativeagent in ______agent in ______

Chancroid


The single most important The single most important factor used to differentiate factor used to differentiate endometrial adenoca. From endometrial adenoca. From

changes associated with changes associated with IUDIUD

Patient

History


_____ constitutes the lower _____ constitutes the lower opening of the ecc canalopening of the ecc canal

External Os


Maturation Index of Maturation Index of 0/0/100 is seen in0/0/100 is seen in

Estrogen

Therapy


This endocrinopathy has a This endocrinopathy has a MI of 100/0/0MI of 100/0/0

Gonadal Dysgenesis

(Turner’s)


______ is a benign tumor______ is a benign tumorwhich originates in which originates in

squamous epitheliumsquamous epithelium

papilloma


As compared to cells of squamous As compared to cells of squamous dysplasia, the average nuclear size of dysplasia, the average nuclear size of cells of squamous cell carcinoma iscells of squamous cell carcinoma is

smaller


Which malignant neoplasm Which malignant neoplasm of the cervix would have of the cervix would have

the lowest pick up rate on the lowest pick up rate on cervical scrapingcervical scraping

Ovarian

Adenoca.


George N. Papanicolaou George N. Papanicolaou was born in the year of was born in the year of

1883


Epidermoid Carcinoma is Epidermoid Carcinoma is synonymous withsynonymous with

SCC


Treatment of patient with Treatment of patient with HSILHSIL

LEEP/LLETZ


What effect may What effect may progesterone type progesterone type

contraceptives have on contraceptives have on glands of the endocervix?glands of the endocervix?

Psuedoparakeratosis


objectives - american society of · pdf fileobjectives upon completion of ... • ......

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