Slide 1

Slide 2 Objectives 1 of 3 Understand ventilation as a fire service tool. Understand ventilation as a fire service tool. Know the principles, advantages, and effects of ventilation. Know the principles, advantages, and effects of ventilation. Know the origins and effects of heat, smoke, and toxic gases. Know the origins and effects of heat, smoke, and toxic gases. Differentiate between flashover, backdraft, and rollover. Differentiate between flashover, backdraft, and rollover. Slide 3 Objectives 3 of 3 Identify safety considerations when venting operations are in progress. Identify safety considerations when venting operations are in progress. Identify the factors affecting ventilation. Identify the factors affecting ventilation. Describe ventilation techniques. Describe ventilation techniques. Identify the types of ventilation. Identify the types of ventilation. Identify the mechanics of ventilation. Identify the mechanics of ventilation. Slide 4 Introduction Ventilation is the planned and systematic removal of pressure, heat, gases, and smoke. Ventilation is the planned and systematic removal of pressure, heat, gases, and smoke. Ventilation is a very complex subject area with many factors. Ventilation is a very complex subject area with many factors. Ventilation is a part of the coordinated fire attack. Ventilation is a part of the coordinated fire attack. Ventilation will be in place before fire attack!! Ventilation will be in place before fire attack!! Slide 5 Principles, Advantages, and Effect of Ventilation 1 of 3 Ventilation is the relief of the products of combustion from an enclosed area. Ventilation is the relief of the products of combustion from an enclosed area. This is a very essential part of fire suppression effort. This is a very essential part of fire suppression effort. This prevents fire from heating up other parts of the structure. This prevents fire from heating up other parts of the structure. Slide 6 Principles, Advantages, and Effect of Ventilation 2 of 3 As heat is exhausted and dissipated its ability to spread the fire is reduced As heat is exhausted and dissipated its ability to spread the fire is reduced Ventilation channels smoke out of the structure. Ventilation channels smoke out of the structure. As smoke builds up vision is obscured. As smoke builds up vision is obscured. Heavy smoke conditions can obscure light completely. Heavy smoke conditions can obscure light completely. Slide 7 Principles, Advantages, and Effect of Ventilation 3 of 3 Unburned hydrocarbons irritate eyes. Unburned hydrocarbons irritate eyes. Smokes contain many deadly substances. Smokes contain many deadly substances. Removal of smoke will add survival time to a victim, increasing the chance of successful rescue. Removal of smoke will add survival time to a victim, increasing the chance of successful rescue. Slide 8 Heat, Smoke, and Toxic Gases When fire burns, air heats, expands, becomes lighter, and rises. When fire burns, air heats, expands, becomes lighter, and rises. Heated air spreads by convection and radiation. Heated air spreads by convection and radiation. Fire gases consists of many deadly products of combustion. Fire gases consists of many deadly products of combustion. Newer approach to construction makes ventilation even more important. Newer approach to construction makes ventilation even more important. Slide 9 Considerations for Proper Ventilation 1 of 3 Important to understand behavior of fire gases. Important to understand behavior of fire gases. Smoke rises and mushrooms. Smoke rises and mushrooms. Vertical ventilation is the removal of gases and smoke through vertical channels. Vertical ventilation is the removal of gases and smoke through vertical channels. Horizontal ventilation is channel smoke through horizontal openings. Horizontal ventilation is channel smoke through horizontal openings. Without ventilation, heat, smoke and steam have no where to go. Without ventilation, heat, smoke and steam have no where to go. Slide 10 Path of Travel for Smoke Slide 11 Considerations for Proper Ventilation 2 of 3 An opening is needed for smoke and by- products to exit as attack team moves in. An opening is needed for smoke and by- products to exit as attack team moves in. Ventilation can be as critical as applying water. Ventilation can be as critical as applying water. Many factors must be considered when venting. Many factors must be considered when venting. Slide 12 Considerations for Proper Ventilation 3 of 3 A size up of the structure is very important. A size up of the structure is very important. Height of building will also have an impact. Height of building will also have an impact. Wind can alter ventilation. Wind can alter ventilation. Bad weather affects smokes ability to travel. Bad weather affects smokes ability to travel. Through proper ventilation the fires ability to extend can be removed. Through proper ventilation the fires ability to extend can be removed. Slide 13 Fire and Its By-Products During combustion energy is released. During combustion energy is released. Molecules reunite to form new substances. Molecules reunite to form new substances. These substances can be caustic to humans. These substances can be caustic to humans. Ventilation will remove some substances. Ventilation will remove some substances. Ventilation has many other benefits. Ventilation has many other benefits. Flashover, backdraft, and rollover can occur without ventilation. Flashover, backdraft, and rollover can occur without ventilation. Slide 14 Fire Phenomena Flashover. Flashover. Backdraft (smoke explosion). Backdraft (smoke explosion). Rollover. Rollover. Slide 15 Flashover Light, smoke, and heat are liberated as part of the combustion process. Light, smoke, and heat are liberated as part of the combustion process. Everything in a confined area ignites at almost the same time. Everything in a confined area ignites at almost the same time. It is important to know the mechanics of a flashover to understand its development. It is important to know the mechanics of a flashover to understand its development. Slide 16 Backdraft (Smoke Explosion) 1 of 2 A rapid ignition of smoke. A rapid ignition of smoke. Incomplete combustion occurs as oxygen levels decrease. Incomplete combustion occurs as oxygen levels decrease. As fire consumes greater amounts of oxygen, the production of CO increases. As fire consumes greater amounts of oxygen, the production of CO increases. With the heat, pressure builds in the confined space. With the heat, pressure builds in the confined space. Slide 17 Backdraft (Smoke Explosion) 2 of 2 When an opening occurs, a billow of smoke escapes. When an opening occurs, a billow of smoke escapes. Cooler air causes air to contract. Cooler air causes air to contract. Mixture increases CO concentration. Mixture increases CO concentration. Once CO concentration reaches the flame, components are primed for ignition. Once CO concentration reaches the flame, components are primed for ignition. Slide 18 Signs of Potential Backdraft Smoke-stained windows. Smoke-stained windows. Puffing of smoke at seams and cracks. Puffing of smoke at seams and cracks. Smoke pushing out under pressure. Smoke pushing out under pressure. No visible flames. No visible flames. Heavy black smoke. Heavy black smoke. Tightly sealed building. Tightly sealed building. Large, open area or void. Large, open area or void. Extreme heat. Extreme heat. Slide 19 Rollover Heated products of combustion rise to higher levels. Heated products of combustion rise to higher levels. Heated gases reach their ignition and begin to spread across the room along the ceiling. Heated gases reach their ignition and begin to spread across the room along the ceiling. When the upper thermal layer is disrupted, the heat is forced down. When the upper thermal layer is disrupted, the heat is forced down. Slide 20 Expanding Heat and Steam Slide 21 What Needs to be Vented? Without ventilation expanding heated steam and smoke will roll over. Without ventilation expanding heated steam and smoke will roll over. Small voids and compartments need to exhaust increasing pressure. Small voids and compartments need to exhaust increasing pressure. Areas such as cockloft need to be checked. Areas such as cockloft need to be checked. Horizontal and vertical voids. Horizontal and vertical voids. Slide 22 Areas to Vent Slide 23 Mechanics of Ventilation Ventilation is simply the movement of air from high pressure to lower pressure. Ventilation is simply the movement of air from high pressure to lower pressure. Knowing the natural tendency of air movement is important. Knowing the natural tendency of air movement is important. Improvement of air conditions is crucial. Improvement of air conditions is crucial. Horizontal and vertical ventilation conform to the same rules. Horizontal and vertical ventilation conform to the same rules. Slide 24 Mechanics of Ventilation SYSTEMATIC removal of products of combustion. SYSTEMATIC removal of products of combustion. Ventilation controlled fire. Ventilation controlled fire. Slide 25 Ventilation controlled fire Slide 26 Ventilation Techniques Break glass. Break glass. Open doors. Open doors. Rope and a tool. Rope and a tool. Hook or pike pole. Hook or pike pole. Iron or Halligan. Iron or Halligan. Ax. Ax. Portable ladder. Portable ladder. Aerial ladder tip. Aerial ladder tip. Negative pressure. Negative pressure. Positive pressure. Positive pressure. Slide 27 Types of Ventilation Ventilation can occur using several methods: Ventilation can occur using several methods: Natural. Mechanical: HVAC. Smoke fans. Positive pressure. Hydraulic. Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30 Objectives: Objectives: Describe all safety concerns with vertical ventilation Describe advantages and disadvantages of vertical ventilation Describe common procedures for vertical ventilation Demonstrate ability to determine roof integrity Identify proper tools used during vertical ventilation Slide 31 Vertical Ventilation This next section will cover Vertical Ventilation, both on Residential and Commercial Buildings This next section will cover Vertical Ventilation, both on Residential and Commercial Buildings We will cover the basics on how to ventilate these types of buildings We will cover the basics on how to ventilate these types of buildings There are several types of material that is used for the roof decking There are several types of material that is used for the roof decking We will start out with the Residential Roofs We will start out with the Residential Roofs Slide 32 Vertical Ventilation Residential Roofs Residential Roofs These types of roofs can be either flat or pitched These types of roofs can be either flat or pitched The procedure is fairly simple The procedure is fairly simple Whether the roof is pitched or not, the procedure is the same Whether the roof is pitched or not, the procedure is the same Slide 33 Vertical Ventilation Tools Vertical Ventilation Tools Cutting Pick head or flat head axe K12 Circular Saw (All Engine Companies) Chain Saw (T82) Stripping Pike Pole Rubbish Hook (T82) Slide 34 Existing Roof Openings Existing Roof Openings Scuttle Hatches Commercial Occupancies Skylights Residential and Commercial Air Handlers Residential and Commercial Exhaust Vents Commercial Attic Vents Slide 35 Safety Concerns Safety Concerns One of the most dangerous jobs on the fire scene Use of power tools Visibility Smoke/Heat Full PPE Access/Egress Multiple points Roof Integrity SOUND IT!!, SOUND IT!!, SOUND IT!! Slide 36 Accessing the Roof Minimum on 2 access/egress points Place on different walls of building Ground or Aerial Ladders Aerial Placement Interior roof access Scuttles Slide 37 Size Up the Roof Size Up the Roof Construction type and features Ridge Line/Truss Direction Weight Bearing Walls Lightweight Construction Age of Building/Roof Loads on Roofs Drop Offs Existing Openings Skylights, Scuttles, etc Slide 38 Slide 39 Size Up Size Up Roof Covering Tile vs. Shingles Torch Down Metal Synthetic Foam Membrane Signs of Integrity Sagging Roof lines Vents growing Fire Smoke Venting Slide 40 Getting on the Roof Getting on the Roof Sound the Roof Before you step on the roof Strike the roof with a tool (axe, rubbish hook) Feel and sound solid Regularly sound the path you choose and stick to the sounded path. Scan the roof continuously Slide 41 Working on the Roof Working on the Roof NEVER cross roof diagonally Walk on ridges, trusses, outside walls Work from roof ladders if possible Work from aerials if possible Consider safety hoseline (controversial) Slide 42 Open the Roof Open the Roof BE SAFE ALWAYS Never cut in line with your body or that of your partner Work in teams of two minimum One person cuts, the other backs him up If you fall and begin to slide, flatten out and your partner will jump on you Slide 43 Open the Roof Open the Roof Inspection Holes Helps find direction of trusses Triangle in shape 1-2 foot per side Slide 44 ALWAYS work on the WINDWARD ALWAYS work on the WINDWARD (Wind at your back) Dont get caught down wind that is where the fire is going Dont get caught down wind that is where the fire is going Slide 45 Louver Opening Louver Opening Fast and Efficient = less time on roof Must know direction of trusses/rafters NEVER stand on the hole you are cutting Always work back to your egress Slide 46 Vertical Ventilation The goal is to get a hole at least 4 x 8 The goal is to get a hole at least 4 x 8 It can be cut in line with the trusses or perpendicular to the trusses It can be cut in line with the trusses or perpendicular to the trusses If the cut is made perpendicular to the trusses, you have to cross at least three trusses. Three on the top and three on the bottom If the cut is made perpendicular to the trusses, you have to cross at least three trusses. Three on the top and three on the bottom If the cut is made in line with the trusses, you will only have to cross the truss once at the top and one at the bottom If the cut is made in line with the trusses, you will only have to cross the truss once at the top and one at the bottom Slide 47 Louver Opening Louver Opening 1st Cut Mark Trusses 2 nd Cut 3 rd Cut 4 th Cut Last Cut Slide 48 Slide 49 After the hole is cut After the hole is cut Open the ceiling Contact Command GET OFF THE ROOF!! Slide 50 Trench Opening Trench Opening Typically used in commercial Long, narrow opening Assist in stopping the fire spread Long time to accomplish = long time on roof Can also be louvered Slide 51 VERTICAL VENTILATION Trench Opening Trench Opening Hoseline Slide 52 Slide 53 Slide 54 Trench Opening Trench Opening Defensive cut. Q-deck / rolled roof. Considered outdated by some tactic and strategy subject matter experts. Slide 55 Slide 56 Slide 57 Summary Summary BE SAFE Size up the roof Sound the roof Make your hole Get OFF!!! Slide 58 Slide 59 Fire Walls Hose line Slide 60 Hydraulic Ventilation Slide 61 Negative Pressure Ventilation Slide 62 Smoke Ejector Slide 63 Structural Ventilation Slide 64 Safety Considerations Will ventilation permit the fire to extend? Will ventilation permit the fire to extend? Will the escape route be cut off? Will the escape route be cut off? Will ventilation endanger others? Will ventilation endanger others? Are firefighters working in teams? Are firefighters working in teams? Is there proper supervision? Is there proper supervision? Slide 65 Obstacles to Ventilation Access. Access. Security devices. Security devices. Height. Height. Poor planning. Poor planning. Unfamiliar building layout. Unfamiliar building layout. Ventilation timing. Ventilation timing. Cut a roof/open a roof. Cut a roof/open a roof. Slide 66 Factors Affecting Ventilation Partial openings. Partial openings. Partially broken windows. Partially broken windows. Screens. Screens. Roof materials Roof materials Dropped or hanging ceilings. Dropped or hanging ceilings. Building size. Building size. Weather. Weather. Opening windows. Opening windows. Slide 67 AN ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION Slide 68 Hush- Compartment #4 Quantum- Compartment #5 Slide 69 POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION TODAYS FIRES PRODUCE 20,OOO BTUs PER POUND COMPARED TO 8,000 BTUs 10 TO 15 YEARS AGO. TODAYS FIRES PRODUCE 20,OOO BTUs PER POUND COMPARED TO 8,000 BTUs 10 TO 15 YEARS AGO. USE OF PLASTICS AND MODERN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS USE OF PLASTICS AND MODERN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Slide 70 POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION INCREASED CO AND TOXIC GASES INCREASED CO AND TOXIC GASES NEW TECHNOLOGY IN PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. NEW TECHNOLOGY IN PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. TYPE V CONSTRUCTION- LIGHT WEIGHT TYPE V CONSTRUCTION- LIGHT WEIGHT Slide 71 ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES OVER NATURAL VENTILATION ARE OBVIOUS ADVANTAGES OVER NATURAL VENTILATION ARE OBVIOUS PPV VS. NEGATIVE PRESSURE PPV VS. NEGATIVE PRESSURE PERSONNEL ARE NOT EXPOSED TO INTERIOR ATMOSPHERES FIRE GASES ARE NOT EXPOSED TO BLOWERS Slide 72 ADVANTAGES - BLOWERS RUN MORE EFFICIENTLY - BLOWERS RUN MORE EFFICIENTLY - INTERIOR DOORWAYS AND HALLS ARE UNOBSTRUCTED - INTERIOR DOORWAYS AND HALLS ARE UNOBSTRUCTED - NO NEED FOR DROP CORDS OR Z BARS - NO NEED FOR DROP CORDS OR Z BARS - LESS NOISE AND CONFUSION - LESS NOISE AND CONFUSION - REDUCED AIR AGGITATION INSIDE STRUCTURE - REDUCED AIR AGGITATION INSIDE STRUCTURE Slide 73 ADVANTAGES - SUPERIOR IN SPEED AND EFFICIENCY - SUPERIOR IN SPEED AND EFFICIENCY - TWICE AS EFFICIENT IN REMOVING CONTAMINATES - TWICE AS EFFICIENT IN REMOVING CONTAMINATES - HEAT AND SMOKE DIRECTED AWAY FROM EXITS OR UNBURNED AREAS - HEAT AND SMOKE DIRECTED AWAY FROM EXITS OR UNBURNED AREAS Slide 74 ADVANTAGES MORE EFFICIENT IN ROOMS WITH VAULTED CEILINGS MORE EFFICIENT IN ROOMS WITH VAULTED CEILINGS EQUALLY EFFECTIVE WITH HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL VENTILATION EQUALLY EFFECTIVE WITH HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL VENTILATION HAS MINIMAL EFFECTS ON SMOLDERING DEBRIS- IFSTA HAS MINIMAL EFFECTS ON SMOLDERING DEBRIS- IFSTA Slide 75 CHAPEL HILL STUDY 1300 SQ. FT. SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING 1300 SQ. FT. SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING NATURAL VENTILATION- CO LEVELS OVER 600 PPM IN 3.5 MINUTES AFTER IGNITION. REMAINED AT OVER 100 PPM FOR 20 MIN. DESPITE VENTILATION EFFORTS NATURAL VENTILATION- CO LEVELS OVER 600 PPM IN 3.5 MINUTES AFTER IGNITION. REMAINED AT OVER 100 PPM FOR 20 MIN. DESPITE VENTILATION EFFORTS Slide 76 CHAPEL HILL STUDY PPV PRIOR TO FIRE ATTACK. PPV PRIOR TO FIRE ATTACK. 400 PPM IN 3.5 MIN. 400 PPM IN 3.5 MIN. 0PPM IN 16 MIN. 0PPM IN 16 MIN. PPV AFTER FIRE ATTACK PPV AFTER FIRE ATTACK 600PPM IN 5 MIN. 600PPM IN 5 MIN. 0PPM AFTER 16 MIN. 0PPM AFTER 16 MIN. Slide 77 CHAPEL HILL STUDY DECREASE IN SMOKE CONDITIONS AND OTHER TOXIC GASES-CYANIDE DECREASE IN SMOKE CONDITIONS AND OTHER TOXIC GASES-CYANIDE REDUCED TOXICITY FOR VICTIMS REDUCED TOXICITY FOR VICTIMS EASIER FOR FIREFIGHTERS TO LOCATE VICTIMS EASIER FOR FIREFIGHTERS TO LOCATE VICTIMS 50% OF RESIDENTIAL DEATHS DUE TO CO INTOXICATION 50% OF RESIDENTIAL DEATHS DUE TO CO INTOXICATION Slide 78 CHAPEL HILL STUDY MOST RESIDENTIAL FIREFIGHTER DEATHS ARE DUE TO DISORIENTATION AND EXHAUSTING AIR SUPPLIES MOST RESIDENTIAL FIREFIGHTER DEATHS ARE DUE TO DISORIENTATION AND EXHAUSTING AIR SUPPLIES IF USED IN HORIZONTAL APPLICATIONS- REDUCED COLLAPSE IF USED IN HORIZONTAL APPLICATIONS- REDUCED COLLAPSE Slide 79 GUILFORD COLLEGE STUDY TWO STORY 1800 SQ. FT. SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING TWO STORY 1800 SQ. FT. SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING PPV PRIOR TO WATER PPV PRIOR TO WATER PPV AFTER WATER PPV AFTER WATER ATTEMPT TO MOVE FIRE WITH PPV ATTEMPT TO MOVE FIRE WITH PPV Slide 80 GUILFORD COLLEGE STUDY INCREASED VISIBILITY AND REDUCED HEAT INCREASED VISIBILITY AND REDUCED HEAT INITIALLY AND TEMPORARILY INCREASES HEAT IN THE BURN ROOM INITIALLY AND TEMPORARILY INCREASES HEAT IN THE BURN ROOM PPV PLACED BEFORE WATER IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN HEAT REMOVAL IN AREAS DIRECTLY EFFECTED BY THE FIRE PPV PLACED BEFORE WATER IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN HEAT REMOVAL IN AREAS DIRECTLY EFFECTED BY THE FIRE Slide 81 GUILFORD COLLEGE STUDY AT NO TIME WAS FIRE VISUALLY SEEN BEING PUSHED THROUGHOUT THE STRUCTURE EVEN WITH AN EXHAUST PORT OPENING IN THE INCORRECT PLACE, OR INCORRECT SIZE. AT NO TIME WAS FIRE VISUALLY SEEN BEING PUSHED THROUGHOUT THE STRUCTURE EVEN WITH AN EXHAUST PORT OPENING IN THE INCORRECT PLACE, OR INCORRECT SIZE. Slide 82 U.S. COAST GUARD STUDY FIREFIGHTER SKIN TEMP. PRIOR TO EVOLUTION WITHOUT PPV WAS 90.8 DEGREES- 100.3 AFTER FIREFIGHTER SKIN TEMP. PRIOR TO EVOLUTION WITHOUT PPV WAS 90.8 DEGREES- 100.3 AFTER SKIN TEMP. 94.8 WITH USE OF PPV SKIN TEMP. 94.8 WITH USE OF PPV Slide 83 HISTORY INTRODUCED BY THE LOS ANGELES CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT OVER THIRTY YEARS AGO INTRODUCED BY THE LOS ANGELES CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT OVER THIRTY YEARS AGO VERY CONTROVERSIAL VERY CONTROVERSIAL USUALLY DUE TO DEPARTMENTS THAT ARE NON-RECEPTIVE TO CHANGE USUALLY DUE TO DEPARTMENTS THAT ARE NON-RECEPTIVE TO CHANGE Slide 84 IMPLEMENTATION SOPs MUST BE USED TO PREVENT TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES SOPs MUST BE USED TO PREVENT TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES PERSONNEL MUST BE WELL TRAINED ON MECHANICS AS WELL AS THEORY PERSONNEL MUST BE WELL TRAINED ON MECHANICS AS WELL AS THEORY Slide 85 IMPLEMENTATION THOROUGH SURVEY THOROUGH SURVEY EXHAUST OPENING BETWEEN TO 1 AND THE SIZE OF THE OPENING EXHAUST OPENING BETWEEN TO 1 AND THE SIZE OF THE OPENING EXHAUST OPENING AWAY FROM POTENTIAL VICTIMS EXHAUST OPENING AWAY FROM POTENTIAL VICTIMS PLACE FAN ON UNINVOLVED SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE PLACE FAN ON UNINVOLVED SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE - 9,000 TO 15,000 CFM MINIMUM - 9,000 TO 15,000 CFM MINIMUM Slide 86 IMPLEMENTATION IF POSSIBLE, USE PPV ON THE WINDWARD SIDE OF STRUCTURE IF POSSIBLE, USE PPV ON THE WINDWARD SIDE OF STRUCTURE ENTER STRUCTURE 15 SECONDS AFTER IMPLEMENTATION ENTER STRUCTURE 15 SECONDS AFTER IMPLEMENTATION Slide 87 IMPLEMENTATION PULL CEILING IMMEDIATELY AFTER ENTERING STRUCTURE PULL CEILING IMMEDIATELY AFTER ENTERING STRUCTURE OPEN LINE OF COMMUNICATIONS OPEN LINE OF COMMUNICATIONS PROBLEMS WITH PPV ARE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH LACK OF TRAINING OR DISREGUARD OF THE CONCEPT PROBLEMS WITH PPV ARE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH LACK OF TRAINING OR DISREGUARD OF THE CONCEPT Slide 88 IMPLEMENTATION NOT RECOMMENDED FOR CURTAIN WALL OR BALLOON TYPE CONSTRUCTION NOT RECOMMENDED FOR CURTAIN WALL OR BALLOON TYPE CONSTRUCTION GIVES AN INITIAL INCREASE OF OXYGEN TO FIRE GIVES AN INITIAL INCREASE OF OXYGEN TO FIRE CREWS MUST BE ABLE TO READ SMOKE CONDITIONS CREWS MUST BE ABLE TO READ SMOKE CONDITIONS KNOW YOUR EQUIPMENT KNOW YOUR EQUIPMENT Slide 89 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 1 GARAGE BEDROOM 3 BATHROOM DINING ROOM KITCHEN FAMILY ROOM Slide 90 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 3 BEDROOM 1 BATH GARAGE DINING ROOM KITCHEN FAMILY ROOM Slide 91 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 3 BEDROOM 1 BATH GARAGE DINING ROOM KITCHEN FAMILY ROOM Slide 92 Slide 93 OTHER APPLICATIONS DUMPSTER OR CAR FIRES DUMPSTER OR CAR FIRES OVERHAUL OVERHAUL Slide 94 Ventilation nightmare Slide 95 Slide 96 SUMMARY ESTABLISHED A NEED TO VENTILATE ESTABLISHED A NEED TO VENTILATE PPV REDUCES CO AND OTHER TOXIC GAS LEVELS PPV REDUCES CO AND OTHER TOXIC GAS LEVELS IMPROVES FIREFIGHTER SAFETY BY INCREASING VISIBILITY IMPROVES FIREFIGHTER SAFETY BY INCREASING VISIBILITY SAFER AND FASTER THAN VERTICAL VENTILATION SAFER AND FASTER THAN VERTICAL VENTILATION Slide 97 SUMMARY MORE EFFECTIVE THAN NEGATIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION MORE EFFECTIVE THAN NEGATIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION REDUCES FIREFIGHTER BODY TEMPERATURES REDUCES FIREFIGHTER BODY TEMPERATURES LESS TIME ON TASK LESS TIME ON TASK EFFECTIVE WHEN CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPT AND MECHANICS EFFECTIVE WHEN CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPT AND MECHANICS Slide 98 SOP Review Slide 99 Vertical Ventilation Residential Roofs Residential Roofs These types of roofs can be either flat or pitched These types of roofs can be either flat or pitched The procedure is fairly simple The procedure is fairly simple Whether the roof is pitched or not, the procedure is the same Whether the roof is pitched or not, the procedure is the same