ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. 99

HERBERT LAPWORTH, D.Sc., F.G.S., younger son of ProfessorCharles Lapworth, was born on 6th June, 1875, and was educatedat King Edward VI. School, Birmingham, and at the MasonCollege, afterwards Birmingham University. Here he graduatedin engineering (a course which included geology) under his fatherand later took the D.Se. of the University. He served his pupil­age with James Mansergh, F.R.S., partly in Westminster, butmainly OIl the Elan Valley reservoirs, and was entrusted with thework of assistant resident engineer on a section of the aqueductfrom 1897 till 1899. Looking for occupation for his week-endsand other leisure he began to take an interest in the geology ofthe reservoir area, and eventually started the serious study ofthe Llandovery rocks of that district. Here, finding graptoliteswhere they were previously unknown, he soon fell a victim, ashis father had a quarter of a century earlier, to the fascinationof collecting these fossils and using them to effect the zoning ofthe strata. He visited the classic ground of Moffat and wassoon able to establish the extension and limitation of the zonesworked out by his father in South Scotland and by Marr inLakeland. By the aid of the zoning he gradually grasped thestructure of the country and dealt successfully with the seriousdifficulties due to an unconformity in the middle of his series,which brought into contact two conglomerates of similar aspectbut wholly different ages. This problem surmounted, hemapped his area in detail and communicated the results to theGeological Society in a paper entitled" The Silurian Sequenceof Rhayader," published in 1900.

The Association visited this area from Llandrindod in 1905under the guidance of Dr. Lapworth. For this occasion he wrotea paper for the Proceedings on the" Geology of Central Wales,"in which he brought out the bearing of his own work in straight­ening up the mistaken sequence which dated from the earlierwork on the Aberystwyth and Plynlimmon districts. In thispaper he pointed out that there was" still something like 1,800square miles of ' happy hunting ground' left for the amateurgeologist"; a statement amply justified by the work of DameShakespear at Tarannon, and of Professor Jones and his schoolin wide areas of central and west Wales.

Lapworth's rapid rise in his profession gave him little timefor further original work on the theoretical side of geology, ashe became more and more involved in the application of itto engineering practice. His lectures on Engineering Geologyat Liverpool University and the Institution of Civil Engineers,and on the Geology of Water-supply at the Imperial College,were such as could only have been given by one with the rarecombination of qualities that he possessed, the sound trainingas well as the practice of the engineer, the eye and knowledgeand, above all, the field experience of the geological Investigator.

100 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COU~CIL.

The same qualities were of great value in the schemes of watersupply prepared by Lapworth, and in his reports and evidenceat local enquiries and before Parliament ; while they inspiredand illuminated such papers as those on the " Geology of theElan Aqueduct ," " The Geology of Dam Trenches," and" AppliedGeology in Municipal ' En gineering."

Having taken part in many engineering schemes , chieflyconnected with water-supply , and having acted as ResidentEngineer on the aqu educt and filters of the great DerwentValley Water Scheme , Lapworth st arted private practice in 1910(th e year in which he became a member of this Association) .Thenceforward he had t o do with a vast number of problemsdealing with reservoirs and wat er supply , drainage and landslips,tunnelling and boring, and with hydrogeological sur veys . Hewrote a number of professional papers on engineering subjects,and was chosen by the Met eorological Society to give the SymonsMemorial Lecture, the subject chosen being Meteorology andWater Supply, on which he was thoroughly qualified t o expressauthoritative opinions. He also acted jointly with Mr. W . J. E.Binnie as Engineer t o the Royal Commission on subsidence inthe Doncaster area in 1927.

Lapworth received the Murchison award of the GeologicalSociet y in 1906, and was Secretary of that Society during thedifficult period from 1914 till 1921. He received the Telford andJ am es Forrest Medals and the Miller Prize of the Institution ofCivil Engineers, and two President's Premiums of the Institutionof Water Engineers , becoming President of the latter bod ywhen it met at Scarborough in 1927.

His death, at the age of 58 on rqth September , 1933, bas lefta gap in the ranks of Wat er Engineers which will long remainunfilled . Our science can ill spare one who not only did suchdistinguished original work , but kept so well to the fore theimmense value of geology to industry. As for his friends, andthey were very man y, they must bear as best they may theloss of his warm-hearted humanity, his st imulat ing and delightfulcompanionship, his ripe judgment and skill, his fullness of kn ow­ledge and courage in the application of it, his pleasant if occas ion­ally slightly malicious humour, and , above all, his transparentt ru thfulness and honesty, so intolerant of anything savouring ofdeceit or charlatanry. W. W. W. and H . J. F . G.

N. ALEXANDER MACKIE was born in Leeds in 1851 and joinedthe Customs branch of the Civil Service, where he remained untilhis retiring age. Keen in all scientific subjects, he specialisedin geology and was for many years a member of the ExeterGeological Society, in which he took an active part with Mr.Clayden, the Principal of the College there. On his removalto Edinburgh he took a very act ive part in the Edinburgh