110 X""L\ L HE PO HT OF THE COL· " UL.

As a young man , Kendall was especially interested in cry­sta llogra phy and vertebrate paheontology, but his earl iestpublications dealt with the strat igra phy and fossils of th e Pliocenedeposits of East Anglia and Corn wall, a subject t o which hereturned later in life. His origina l work ranged over a wide field ,and he gained considerable repute by observations on glacia lgeology, especially on glacia l lak e drainage. His first paper(published in 1902) on the Cleve land district of Yorkshire is now aclassic. The economic interest s of the surrou ndings of Leedsnaturally led him to the study of the Coal Measures and he madenotable contributions to knowledge of the physical condit ions ofcoal -formation and contemporary (earthquak e) movemen ts.He also specialized in the wat er-supply problem s of man ydi stricts.

.r . G. H. E.]

RI CHARD DIXON OLDHA:,>I , F.R.S., F.G.S., who died on 15thJuly, 1936, joined the Association in 1904, after his retirementfrom the Geological Survey of In dia . He was educated a t Rugbyand the Royal School of Mines. In 1879, he went out t o India,to take up a post on the Geologica l Survey a nd retired in 1903.H e was President of the Geological Societ y of London from1920-22. Beyond attendin g some of the Field Meetings, he tookno active part in the work of t he Associat ion. H e wrot e severa lgeo logica l memoirs a nd papers on geophysical a nd geographicalsubjects, whil e his various papers on the PortoJan Maps of theRhone Delt a and the changes in the mouths of that ri ver showable and original research a nd observatio n.

[l\I. S. J.J

The science of geology has suffered a serious loss in the deathof P ROFESSOR WILLIAM J OHNSON SaLLAS, Sc.D., LL.D. , F .R. S.S. ,L. & E. , on October zuth, 1936, at the age of 87 years. Born atBirmingham in 1849, he was educated at the Ro yal College ofChemistry, the Royal Schoo l of Mines, and 51. J ohn'S College ,Cambridge, of which , afte r taking a first class degree, he becamea Fe llow in 1882. His interests were concent ra te d upon geologyby the influence of his tutor, Bonney , though his wide scientifict raining at the Ro yal School of Mines had included lecturesfrom Ramsay, Waringt on Smyth, and Etheridge, as well asHuxley and Tyndall. Aft er some years of lecturing on theUniversity Extension, having P . F. Kendall as one of his studen ts,he became Professor of geo logy and zoology at Bristol (1879­1883), of geology and mineralogy at Trinity College, Liuoun(r883- 1897), and at geology and palaeontology at Oxforcl from1897 to the end of his life.

He was not only an excellent lecturer both to scienti fic andpopular audiences, but an inspiring teacher and co-worker in th e

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE C017:\'CIL. III

field and laboratory and an original worker in many branchesof geological research, stratigraphical, palreontological, petro­logical and mineralogical. In all these branches his excellentscientific grounding in chemistry, physics, mathematics, biologvand mineralogy stood him in good stead; and it did not failhim even when, in his latest years, he undertook the investiga­tion of the chief palreolithic skulls, and other anthropologicalwork.

He joined the Association in 1878, and very shortly after­wards organised a long summer excursion into the Bristoldistrict, with Winwood, Whidborne and Pass. The account ofthe district which he wrote repays reading to-day for theoriginality of its outlook and its interesting maps and sections.The Museum was visited, and the Carboniferous Limestone ofthe Avon, of Cheddar, and Weston studied; while the Coal­Measures, Trias, Rheetic and Lias all came in for attention. In1893 Sollas and Cole led the long excursion to Dublin andWicklow, and the former again wrote a comprehensive accountof the area, including subjects to which he had been givin~

special attention such as the Wicklow granite, the Howthquartzites, Oldhamia, the Glaciation of Eastern Ireland, etc,Glendalough, Carrickrnines, Portraine, Donabate, Howth andmany other places were visited, and the excursion gained muchinterest from the presence on certain days of Maxwell Close,Kinahan, Valentine Ball, and S. Haughton who delivered anaddress to the Association on its first visit to Ireland. Sallaswas made an Honorary Member in 1926, and though he wasunable to go into the field during the week-end excursion ledby Dr. Pringle in that year, he showed the members over thegeological collections in the University Museum and dined withthem afterwards.

Sollas showed great ingenuity in devising new methods forthe more complete investigation of obscure problems. By hi"serial sections of fossils he, and those who have followed him,have brought fossil fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and even grapto­lites, back to life again. His adaptation of his" diffusion column"of heavy liquids shortened and simplified petrological study, andmade it possible to determine the density of minute objects anddifficult fluids, such as blood. His investigations were alwaysilluminated by a p .ilosophical outlook, and difficulties were sweptaway by method, which smacked of genius. While his pala-onto­logical and petro.ogtcal work was continuous and long-continuedhe found time and energy to carry out many pieces of work whichhad to be fitted in among the rest. These include the study of agreat bog-flow, Silurian stratigraphy near Cardiff, the study ofthe eskers of Ireland, some most suggestive and original workon the structure of crystals, the nature of deposition in theSevern delta, and, last but not least, his attempt to carry through

112 A:"~UAL REPORT OF THE COU~CIL.

a boring in a Pacific coral reef, laying the foundations here.whicheventually brought success to a very difficult venture,

Deafness cut Sallas off to some extent from scientific meetingsand discussions in later years. This was unfortunate in manyways, for he was a brilliant debater, not only using his materialin the most effective way but introducing new matter or newand original points of view. He was much interested in thequestion of the age of the earth and wrote a book on the subject.but perhaps his best and most original book was that on "AncientHunters and their Modern Representatives." Finally he andMiss Sollas threw open to English readers the treasures of Suess,whose great work" Das Antlitz der Erde " was translated by oneunder the direction of the other.

\V. W. W.

WILLIAM MU:"RO TAPI', who died in January, 1936, joined theAssociation in 1922. He was by profession a Solicitor, attaininggreat distinction in that sphere. His father was a partner in thefirm of Peto and Brassey, the great railway contractors.

He was born in 1860 and educated first at the Forest School .Walthamstow, and then at Gonville and Caius College, Cam­bridge. He took his B.A. in 1881 and his LL.D. in 1893.

In his early youth he spent a considerable time in Spain andfrom his Cambridge days onwards took a keen interest in archseo­logy, his knowledge of which was extensive, and for many yearshe was a well-known Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Itwas probably through archseology that he became so interestedin geology and for a number of years he frequently participatedin the excursions of the Association and his interest was greatlystimulated by his friendship with the late Dr. H. H. Thomas.He was a generous supporter of the excavations at Richboroughand at other sites. During recent years he suffered from aninjury to his knee, but before that he had travelled widely inAsia, Africa and Europe. He was a cultured gentleman with akindly outlook on life; his death is mourned by a wide circleof friends.

[c. W. H.]

WILLIAM \VRIGHT, who died on zoth January, 1936, was aman of many parts, wide knowledge, and acute intellect. Hewas a geologist, archseologist, naturalist and student of litera­ture. He came of yeoman stock, was born at Sonning, Berk­shire, and always maintained a love for his native place. Heseemed to know every nook and corner, every gravel pit andbackwater, hedge and bird's nest in the parish.

Wright came to London in 1876 and spent four years in asolicitor's office. Later, in 1880, he entered the Civil Service,taking a high place in the examination. His work lay in the