obesity health conditions. do now answer the following questions on your note page. does america...

Obesity

Health Conditions

Do Now

Answer the following questions on your note page.

Does America have an obesity problem? Is it an epidemic?

What percentage US adults do you think are overweight, obese or severely obese?

Obesity Facts - What is your reaction?

Obesity is the 2nd leading cause of preventable death after smoking

About 69% of adults in the US are overweight or obese(2012)

About 35.1% are obese (2012)

About 18.4% of adolescents are obese (2010)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%



No Data <10% 10%–14%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2011

*Prevalence estimates reflect BRFSS methodological changes started in 2011. These estimates should not be compared to prevalence estimates before 2011.

15%–<20% 20%–<25% 25%–<30% 30%–<35% ≥35%

CA

MT

ID

NVUT

AZNM

WY

WA

OR

CO

NE

ND

SD

TX

OK

KS

IA

MN

AR

MO

LA

MI

IN

KY

ILOH

TN

MS AL

WI

PA

WV

SC

VA

NC

GA

FL

NY

VT

ME

HI

AK

PRGUAM

NH

MARI

CTNJ

DEMD

DC

15%–<20% 20%–<25% 25%–<30% 30%–<35% ≥35%



CA

MT

ID

NVUT

AZNM

WY

WA

OR

CO

NE

ND

SD

TX

OK

KS

IA

MN

AR

MO

LA

MI

IN

KY

ILOH

TN

MS AL

WI

PA

WV

SC

VA

NC

GA

FL

NY

VT

ME

HI

AK

NH

MARI

CTNJ

DEMD

DC

PRGUAM

Overweight? Obese? Morbidly Obese?

Defined simply as too much body fatSimply classified using BMIWhy BMI?

Using BMI

Body Mass Index= (Weight in pounds/Height in inches2) x 703Quick assessment of a person’s weight

relative to their heightCan be misleading for some…Used to determine if a person is overweight,

obese or severely (morbidly) obese

Overweight, Obesity, Severe Obesity

Defined simply as too much body fatFor Adults (19+):

Overweight= BMI 25 to 29.9Obesity Class 1= BMI 30 to 34.9Obesity Class 2= BMI 35 to 39.9Severe Obesity Class 3= BMI 40+

Overweight, Obesity, Severe Obesity

For children and adolescents:The American Obesity Association uses

percentiles of BMI to determine classification85th percentile of BMI for overweight and the

95th percentile for obesity. Obesity problems are likely to persist into

adulthood

Causes of Obesity

What are some causes of obesity?Modifiable causes:

EnvironmentBehavior

Non-Changeable cause:Genetics

Effects of Obesity

Both Body and Mind are affectedAt higher BMIs, there is found to be

greater risk for:HypertensionHeart DiseaseType 2 DiabetesCancer

BreastEsophagusColorectal

Effects of Obesity

ArthritisBreathing Problems

AsthmaSleep Apnea

Problems in pregnancy*Psychosocial Effects & Stigma

Relationship Between Media & Weight Issues

Over half of Americans are overweight.Media encourages what?What is the real healthy option?

Messages in the Media

Do Now

Page 3 of NotesMake a list of weight loss/ management

recommendations. Separate the ones you believe to be healthy recommendations.

Calorie Facts

1 pound= Whopper= An Orange= 140 lbs person running 6mph

for 30 minutes= 319 calories outCalories in + Calories out= Net calories-500 net calories/day = -1 lb/weekShouldn’t lose more than 2 lbs/week

3500 calories 670 calories in

60 calories in

Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Overall

Recognize your unique body.Have realistic, healthy expectations

Make health a lifestyle.

Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Healthy Eating

Identify the problem in your eating habits.High-calorie snacking, mood-related eating,

weekend lapsesStart a food diary.

Eliminate temptation.Eat breakfast and don’t skip meals.

Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Healthy Eating

Eat small portions more often rather than few big meals.

Eat slowly.Eat a well balanced diet.Drink lots of water.

Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Exercise

Make exercise a priority.Be consistent with exercise.

30 minutes most days of the week60 minutes most days for weight loss

Determine what exercise you like.

Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Exercise

Keep things interesting and challenge yourself.

Be accountable.Get a partnerLet people know

Combine Cardio and Strength TrainingListen to your body.

Healthy Weight Management Recommendations

Have a healthy outlook.Showing up and/or startingLaw of attraction

The Other Extreme

Anorexia NervosaCharacterized by low body weight and distorted

self image

Bulimia NervosaCharacterized by periods of splurging and then

purging

Coming Up

Quiz on Obesity and Weight Controlbegin Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Disease

Health Conditions

Cardiovascular DiseaseA class of diseases that involve the heart

and/or blood vesselsUsually refers to atherosclerosis or

coronary artery diseaseAtherosclerosis- disease affecting arterial

blood vessels. Hardening of arteries caused by formation of plaques within arteries

Terminology

Angina- chest pain due to ischemiaIschemia- lack of blood flow and therefore

oxygen supplyMyocardium- muscle tissue of the heartMyocardial Infarction- heart attack

Family HistoryAge- men 45+, women 55+Gender- men at greater riskSmoking- current or quit w/in 6 monthsHypertension - High Blood PressureHypercholesterolemia - High Cholesterol Diabetes or High Blood SugarSedentary Lifestyle

Risk Factors

Modifiable?

Put an X next to the risk factors that can be modified in order to prevent cardiovascular disease

What is cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance made naturally in our bodies. We need cholesterol because it helps to form or repair cell membranes, some hormones, vitamin D and other tissues.

Where does it come from?

The two sources of cholesterol are the

1. Liver

2. Food

The body produces 80% of the cholesterol it needs.

The cholesterol in our blood is manufactured by the liver in our bodies. The remaining 20% comes from the food we eat.

Diet

Lowers blood cholesterol levels Raises blood cholesterol levels

Heart Attack Questions

What is the main function of the heart? Increased amounts of cholesterol lead to fat-filled

growths called _________________. What causes the natural, regular beating of the human

heart? What forms around the ruptured membranes of

plaques during a heart attack? During a heart attack, heart cells stop beating and

eventually die due to a lack of ________________. How soon after a heart attack must victims be treated?

What is the main function of the heart? Pump oxygenated blood around the body delivering it to tissues

Increased amounts of cholesterol lead to fat-filled growths called _________________.

Plaques

What causes the natural, regular beating of the human heart?

Electrical wave

What forms around the ruptured membranes of plaques during a heart attack?

Blood clots

During a heart attack, heart cells stop beating and eventually die due to a lack of ________________.

oxygen

How soon after a heart attack must victims be treated? As quickly as possible, within 20 mins.

Coming Up

Quiz next classnone

Next ClassHeart Attack ReviewHeart Attack

SymptomsHeart Attack

Immediate Care and Treatment

Heart Attack Symptoms

Onset is usually gradual, over several minutesChest painPain radiating to the left armPain in lower jaw, neck, back, abdomenShortness of breathSweating, weakness, nausea*1/3 of heart attacks are silent w/ no symptoms

Immediate Care

Call for helpOpen window and loosen collar to help

breathingTake an aspirin- prevents blood clotFollow general first aid principles- monitor

pulse, breathing, consciousnessPrepare for CPR and AED

Treatment

Preventative Lifestyle ChangesSmoking CessationCardiovascular ExerciseHealthy Diet- low in fats and cholesterol

MedicationsBlood Pressure Reducing MedsAspirin to prevent blood clottingCholesterol lowering drugs

Treatment

SurgeryCoronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Arteries or veins are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings to supply blood to the heart muscle

http://www.webmd.com/heart/video/coronary-bypass

AngioplastyA wire with a balloon catheter is passed from the

femoral artery in the leg to the coronary artery of concern. When the balloon is inflated, it compresses plaque and stretches the artery wall to expand it.

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coronary-angioplasty/MM00048

The Facts

In the US, diseases of the heart are the leading cause of death

1,200,000 people suffer from a coronary attack every year. 40% of them will die as a result. About every 65 seconds, an American dies of a coronary event.

Coming Up

Quiz next classKnow how much of your

cholesterol needs that your body makes

2 risk factors you can modify, 2 you can’t modify

Know Heart attack video questions

2 warning signs of a heart attack

2 multiple choice questions on surgeries

Next ClassDiabetes

Diabetes

Health Conditions

Diabetes

A metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia or high blood sugarThere are 23.6 million people in the United

States, or 8% of the population, who have diabetes. -ADA

One in every three children born in the year 2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime.- JAMA

Insulin Importance

Glucose is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells

When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems: Right away, your cells may be starved for energy. Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes,

kidneys, nerves or heart.

Three types

Type 1Type 2Gestational DiabetesSimilar signs, symptoms, and

consequencesDifferent causes and population

distributions

Type 1

The body destroys the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin

No cure, but treatable- take insulin and monitor

Gestational Diabetes

involves insulin resistanceHormones of pregnancy cause insulin

resistance in someResolves with delivery

Type 2

Also called non-insulin dependent diabetes, adult-onset diabetes, or obesity related diabetes

Most common formTissue-wide insulin resistanceSometimes progresses to loss of beta cell

function and not enough insulin producedNo cure, but treatable

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Risk Factors

Genetic FactorsMore common in:

African Americans Latinos Native Americans Asian Americans

ObesitySedentary LifestyleAgeHigh BPHigh Cholesterol

Signs and Symptoms

Frequent urinationIncreased thirst Increased appetiteBlurred visionFatigueSlow healing

infections

Signs/ Tests

Fasting Blood Glucose LevelHigher than 126 mg/dL on 2 occasions

Non-fasting Glucose LevelOver 200 mg/dL and symptoms

Treatment

No Cure2 Main Treatment Goals

Reduction of mortalityPreservation of quality of life

Adjust diet and exerciseOral anti-diabetic drugs

Treatment

Must LearnHow to test and record blood

glucoseWhat to eat and whenHow to take medicationsHow to recognize and treat low

or high blood sugarHow to handle sick daysWhere to get supplies and how

to store them

Watch Out For

Eye problemsKidney FailureNerve damageHeart Disease StrokeFoot Problems

Must check feet regularly

In people with diabetes, prolonged high blood sugar levels are linked with damage to the nerves in the feet. Nerve damage can cause loss of sensation as well as deformities of the feet.

Poor blood flow to the feet is also common in people with diabetes, and this slows the wound healing process and increases the risk of infection and amputation.

Diabetic Foot Ulcer Wounds

Coming Up

Quiz next classWhat diabetes isWhat 3 types do and

do not have in common

2 Signs and symptoms2 ways of treating or

managing diabetes3 long term issues/

possible problems

Next ClassStart Sex Ed

obesity health conditions. do now answer the following questions on your note page. does america...

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