oak forest pd level iii report final

Oak Forest Park District Central Park Building

Published: 11/5/2014

SEDAC Report Authors: Patrick Brown, Anthony Madrigal, & Jason Pantel

Facility Location:15601 S. Central Avenue

Oak Forest, IL, 60452

Site Visit: 6/24/2014

This report was prepared as the result of work by a member of the staff of the Smart Energy Design Assistance Center (SEDAC). It does not necessarily represent the views of the University of Illinois, its employees, or the State of Illinois. SEDAC, the State of Illinois, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity nor has the Department passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. Reference to brand names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement. All numerical data are order of magnitude estimates and the number of digits shown is an artifact of the calculation procedure; they are not meant to imply greater accuracy or precision.

SEDAC is sponsored by the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity in partnership with investor-owned utilities to achieve energy efficiency savings in buildings throughout the State of Illinois. SEDAC is an applied research program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. SEDAC works in collaboration with the 360 Energy Group and the Energy Resources Center at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Facility Contact 1: Cindy Grannan

Director of Parks & Recreation

Oak Forest Park District

(708) 687-7270 x120

[email protected]

Facility Contact 2: Matt Murtaugh

Building Supervisor

Oak Forest Park District

(708) 687-7270 x127

ERC

Research Engineer Contact:

Patrick Brown, CEM, CMVP

ERC

(312) 996-5055

[email protected]

Executive SummaryThis report provides information and strategies to reduce annual utility consumption and costs through load reduction and energy efficiency for the Oak Forest Central Park Building, located at 15601 S. Central Avenue in Oak Forest, Illinois.

The Central Park Building is a 36,127 square feet (sf) multipurpose building with a full basement and one small second floor area. The building was originally constructed in 1960, with additions in 1988 and 1996. This facility has an initial energy use intensity of 110 kBtu/sf/yr, which is considered high for a building of this type. The building’s energy use data is provided in Table 1.

Table 1: Existing Building Data

Annual ConsumptionElectricity

(kWh)

Electric Demand

(kW)

Natural Gas

(Therms)

Annual Utility Cost

($)Existing Building Consumption 531,566 100 21,536 $53,521

The report identifies a total of $10,026 in potential annual energy cost savings for the facility from a package of nine energy cost reduction measures (ECRMs). These savings represent a potential 21% reduction in total energy consumption (kBtu/sf/yr) and a 19% reduction in annual energy costs.

The recommended energy-saving strategies include:

ECRM 1: Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures ECRM 2: Install Occupancy Sensors ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs ECRM 4: Air Seal Envelope / Insulate Attic ECRM 5: Upgrade Exterior Lighting ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats ECRM 9: Install Demand Control Ventilation

Each ECRM was analyzed individually to enable the reader to see the potential effect of each ECRM on annual utility bills. The ECRMs were then analyzed together as a package to account for the interaction between measures. Note that concurrent implementation of multiple ECRMs often results in different total savings than the sum of the individual ECRMs.

The energy and cost savings associated with these individual measures, as well as the recommended package of ECRMs, are reported in the following table.

Central Park Building, Oak Forest, IL 1 SEDAC Level 3

Table 2: Modeled Energy and Cost Savings

Modeled Annual Savings fromECRMs and Packages

Annual Facility Savings

Electricity(kWh)

Electric Demand

(kW)

Natural Gas

(Therms)

Energy Cost($)

Cost Savings

(%)

Energy Savings

(%)ECRM 1: Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures 7,332 1.4 (117) $515 1.0% 0.3%ECRM 2: Occupancy Sensors 34,491 - (552) $2,424 4.5% 1.8%ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs 1,836 0.3 (29) $129 0.2% 0.1%ECRM 4: Air Seal Envelope & Insulate Roof 2,480 - 4889 $2,826 5.3% 12.5%ECRM 5: Upgrade Exterior Lighting 26,665 - - $2,104 3.9% 1.9%ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units 10,274 2.4 - $810 1.5% 2.8%ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls 2,184 - (35) $156 0.3% 0.2%ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats 4,448 - 556 $650 1.2% 1.8%ECRM 9: Install Demand Control Ventilation 6,984 - 876 $1,022 1.9% 2.8%Package 1: All ECRMs 93,176 4.1 4,974 $10,026 18.7% 20.6%Package 2: ECRMs 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 81,697 1.7 573 $6,753 12.6% 8.5%

Notes to Table 2:(1) Results are in today’s dollars on a pre-tax basis. This analysis does not include a likely fluctuation in

energy prices over the analysis period.(2) When ECRMs are implemented as a package, results vary from application of individual ECRMs.

The economic analysis of the ECRMs and the ECRM package is reported in the following table.

Table 3: Economic Analysis

Energy Cost Savings

($)

Capital Cost($)

IRR(%)

NPV($)

Simple Payback

(SPB) (years)

ECRM 1: Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures

$515$1,244 40% $2,604 2.4

with $858 in incentives $515 $386 133% $3,422 0.8ECRM 2: Occupancy Sensors $2,424 $500 485% $17,350 0.2 with $400 in incentives $2,424 $100 2424% $17,730 0.1ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs

$129 $290 43% $673 2.3

with $270 in incentives $129 $20 645% $930 0.2ECRM 4: Air Seal Envelope & Insulate Attic

$2,826 $38,029 6% $1,716 13.5

No incentives available - - - - -ECRM 5: Upgrade Exterior Lighting $2,104 $13,524 9% $2,590 6.4 with $6,354 in incentives $2,104 $5,751 35% $9,992 2.7ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units

$810 $4,320 28% $10,477 3.5

with $2,000 in incentives $810 $2,320 53% $12,382 1.9ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls

$156$378 40% $787 2.4

with $220 in incentives $156 $158 99% $997 1.0ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats

$650 $440 148% $4,361 0.7

ECRM 9: Install Demand Control Ventilation

$1,022 $1,500 68% $6,087 1.5

with $480 in incentives $1,020 100% $6,544 1.0Package 1: All ECRMs $10,026 $60,225 14% $41,754 6.0


with $10,582 in incentives

$10,026$44,577 21% $56,657 4.5

Package 2: ECRMs 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9

$6,753$17,876 36% $32,636 2.7

with $8,582 in incentives $6,753 $9,414 71% $40,695 1.4Notes to Table 3:(1) Discount rate is assumed to be 5%; ECRMs with IRR less than 5% produce a negative NPV.(2) Lifetimes of ECRMs are assumed to be 10 years, except ECRMs 4 and 6, which are assumed to be

25 and 20 years. Package 1 is calculated using a lifetime of 15 years and Package 2 is calculated using a lifetime of 10 years. (Averages weighted by cost savings)

(3) Incentives noted are available from DCEO & STEP. See additional information in Section 5.(4) Capital cost for ECRM6 is an incremental cost over and above the cost of standard equipment.

Additional (non-quantified) measures considered and recommended in this report include:

aECRM 1: Install Ozone Laundry aECRM 2: Install Tankless Water Heaters aECRM 3: Replace Existing Sink Aerators with Low-Flow Aerators aECRM 4: Purchase ENERGY STAR Appliances

Funding opportunities to reduce implementation costs are discussed in Section 5.

This analysis does not replace engineering design, which will be necessary for project implementation and bid preparation.

To demonstrate its effectiveness to the State of Illinois, SEDAC is asked to compile quarterly reports that document implementation of energy efficiency measures. We ask that you keep us apprised of all work towards implementation of our recommendations; this information will allow us to accurately reflect subsequent savings. We will also contact you periodically to discuss the recommendations, answer questions, and review status.

Thank you for participating in the Smart Energy Design Assistance Program.


Table of ContentsExecutive Summary.........................................................................................................1

Table of Contents.............................................................................................................4

Index of Tables & Figures................................................................................................5

Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................6

SEDAC Background.........................................................................................................6

1 Introduction...............................................................................................................7

1.1 Energy Management & Implementation Strategy..........................................7

1.2 Analysis Approach.........................................................................................7

2 Existing Building and Site Conditions........................................................................8

2.1 Site Conditions and General Building Details................................................8

2.2 Building Envelope..........................................................................................8

2.3 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)........................................9

2.4 Lighting........................................................................................................10

2.5 Domestic Hot Water....................................................................................10

2.6 Additional Internal Loads.............................................................................10

2.7 Occupancy and Schedules..........................................................................10

3 Energy Consumption Analysis................................................................................11

3.1 Utility Rates.................................................................................................11

3.2 Benchmarking.............................................................................................11

3.3 Energy Consumption Profile........................................................................11

3.4 Breakdown of Energy Consumption............................................................13

4 Energy Cost Reduction Measures Analysis............................................................15

4.1 ECRM 1 - Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures......................................................15

4.2 ECRM 2 – Install Occupancy Sensors........................................................15

4.3 ECRM 3 – Replace Incandescent Exit Signs..............................................16

4.4 ECRM 4 – Air Seal Envelope / Insulate Attic...............................................16

4.5 ECRM 5 – Upgrade Exterior Lighting..........................................................17

4.6 ECRM 6 – Replace Two HVAC Units..........................................................18

4.7 ECRM 7 – Install Vending Machine Controls..............................................18

4.8 ECRM 8 – Install Programmable Thermostats............................................19

4.9 ECRM 9 – Install Demand Control Ventilation.............................................19

4.10 Package 1: All ECRMs................................................................................20

4.11 Package 2: ECRMs 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9..........................................................21


4.12 Additional Energy Cost Reduction Measures..............................................21

4.12.1 Install Ozone Laundry..........................................................................21

4.12.2 Install Tankless Water Heaters............................................................22

4.12.3 Install Low-Flow Aerators.....................................................................22

4.12.4 Purchase ENERGY STAR Appliances................................................22

5 Cost Allowances and Incentives.............................................................................22

6 Conclusions and Recommendations.......................................................................26

Appendix A – Abbreviations...........................................................................................29

Appendix B – Energy Saving Incentives and Assistance...............................................30

Index of Tables & Figures Table 1: Existing Building Data........................................................................................1

Table 2: Modeled Energy and Cost Savings....................................................................2

Table 3: Economic Analysis.............................................................................................2

Table 4: Operating Schedule.........................................................................................10

Table 5: Benchmarking Statistics...................................................................................11

Table 6: Financial Incentives..........................................................................................24

Table 7: Cost Estimates.................................................................................................24

Table 8: Billed Energy and Cost Savings.......................................................................27

Table 9: Economic Analysis...........................................................................................27

Figure 1: Birds Eye View (Courtesy Google Maps)..........................................................8

Figure 2: View of the Metal Roof Decking and Drop-Down Ceiling in the Attic...............9

Figure 3: Electric Usage.................................................................................................12

Figure 4: Natural Gas Usage.........................................................................................12

Figure 5: Energy Usage Breakdown by Percent of Cost ($)..........................................13

Figure 6: Energy Usage Breakdown by Percent of Total Energy (kBtu)........................14


AcknowledgementsThe Smart Energy Design Assistance Center (SEDAC) thanks Cindy Grannan for participating in the Smart Energy Design Assistance Program and for providing access to the information necessary to develop this report. We would also like to thank Matt Murtaugh for his assistance in obtaining the utility information needed for our analysis. Patrick Brown, Jason Pantel and Anthony Madrigal of ERC, as representatives for SEDAC, are the engineers responsible for the analysis and are the primary authors of this report. Additional assistance in report preparation by Steve Wallon and the rest of the SEDAC staff is gratefully acknowledged.

SEDAC BackgroundThe objective of SEDAC is to encourage communities, building owners and operators, design professionals, and building contractors to incorporate energy efficiency practices and renewable energy systems. SEDAC supports the Smart Energy Program in advocating the efficient and effective use of energy by businesses and public buildings throughout Illinois. SEDAC is sponsored by the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) and is managed by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

This report was produced by the Energy Resources Center (ERC) at the University of Illinois at Chicago, an interdisciplinary public service, research, and special projects organization. The ERC has partnered with SEDAC to perform energy assessments in the Chicago area.

Implementing energy efficiency measures is a proven method of controlling costs. Organizations that take a systematic and strategic approach to energy management enjoy a broad array of tangible and intangible benefits. We have entered an increasingly complex and volatile energy marketplace that requires new emphasis on maximizing energy productivity. Improving energy performance helps stabilize costs while increasing business profitability. Most buildings use 10% to 30% more energy than necessary and have many opportunities to save.


http://www.uiuc.edu/

http://www.uiuc.edu/

http://www.illinoisenergy.org/

http://www.illinoisenergy.org/

1 IntroductionOn June 24th 2014, Patrick Brown, Jason Pantel, and Anthony Madrigal of the SEDAC staff inspected the Oak Forest Park District Central Park Building, located in Oak Forest, Illinois, to gather data for the analysis and recommendations in this report.

1.1 Energy Management & Implementation Strategy

Energy conservation is best achieved through an integrated approach that involves three strategies: 1) load reduction, 2) efficiency improvements, and 3) renewable generation.

Load reduction can have no cost or low cost and should be the first step. Load reduction involves turning things off when not needed or using controls systems to manage unnecessary energy use.

Energy efficiency improvements should be the second step. Efficiency improvements may require upgrading the building envelope and replacing old or failing systems with modern technologies that perform the same function while consuming less energy.

After reducing energy demands and costs through load reduction and efficiency improvements, consider offsetting some remaining energy consumption with on-site energy generation. On-site energy generation would be recommended only after load reduction and efficiency improvements are in place.

1.2 Analysis Approach

The basic approach involves several steps. First, initial information is collected from the client about present building usage, energy consumption, and project design goals. Utility consumption is input into a spreadsheet and graphed with annual heating and cooling degree day data to determine any correlation between energy usage and weather; the results are examined for anomalies. Then, a site visit is conducted where detailed data and observations are recorded by the SEDAC team. Based on these observations, a list of preliminary energy cost reduction measures (ECRMs) is composed and sent to the client. Next, the SEDAC team performs the energy analyses for the recommended ECRMs using EXCEL® spreadsheet calculations. The implementation savings of the ECRMs are then estimated, evaluated, and reported.

Finally, the estimated savings and additional costs of implementing ECRMs are evaluated in a life cycle cost analysis. In addition, the internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV) of each ECRM and package of ECRMs are calculated. IRR is essentially the annual yield on an equivalent investment. A project is a good investment if its IRR is greater than the rate of return that could be earned by an alternative investment (e.g. other projects, bonds, bank accounts). For public sector projects, SEDAC assumes 5% as the minimum acceptable rate of return. The NPV calculation uses a discount rate to find the present value of savings occurring at a future date. The discount rate is your minimum acceptable rate of return, or your time value of money. Again, SEDAC assumes 5%. Investments have a positive NPV when the IRR is greater than the discount rate. Therefore, projects with IRR greater than the discount rate and a positive NPV are considered to be good investments and are recommended.


2 Existing Building and Site Conditions

2.1 Site Conditions and General Building Details

The Oak Forest Central Park building is a 36,127 sf facility originally built in 1960 with four later additions. Among those was a fitness center, built in 1996.

Functional spaces include a front desk, offices, preschool, one multi-purpose room, a gymnasium, a fitness center, a dance room, a classroom on the lower level, two small kitchens, two locker rooms, two steam rooms, rest rooms, and storage. The site also features a parking lot and outdoor basketball courts. The building has a first floor, full basement, and a small second floor housing the dance area. Main entry into the facility is on the northwest corner.

Figure 1: Birds Eye View (Courtesy Google Maps)

2.2 Building Envelope

The upper roof is primarily made up of a white rubber membrane, half inch polyisocyanurate insulation, and metal decking. The lower roof consists of a sloping standing seam metal roofing and steel decking above an attic space. There is no insulation or air sealing between the attic and the occupied space in the lower roof areas.


Figure 2: View of the Metal Roof Decking and Drop-Down Ceiling in the Attic.

Several of the ceiling tiles showed water damage, and the client confirmed that the building has had water leakage issues in the past with the roof.

The client is unsure of wall construction or insulation amounts. Site inspection indicated that the perimeter walls are brick veneer, framed out and finished on the interior with drywall or in other areas, perimeter walls are CMU block, depending on the portion of the building. Insulation levels could not be determined, but it is likely the drywall areas are wood framed with rolled batt insulation, and the CMU block may have an inch to two of rigid insulation between the block and brick.

All windows are original to its section’s date of construction and appear to be in good condition. Window glazing is insulated double-pane and set in metal frames.

2.3 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

The facility operates on four packaged rooftop units, which supply ventilation; a split system unit; and one large furnace. Of the packaged units, three are 10 ton units and one is a 7 ton unit. The split system unit, located above the office area, is a 30 ton unit installed in 1988. The large furnace located above the gymnasium has a 1,200,000 BTU output and was installed in 2008. During the winter, an additional eight small electric space heaters are used to heat the office area.

The rooftop units are controlled through various thermostats throughout the building. There are two programmable thermostats with setbacks enabled, one non-


programmable analog thermostat, and multiple digital non-programmable thermostats. The thermostats are typically kept at 70 degrees during all seasons.

2.4 Lighting

Interior lighting varied widely due to the age and numerous extensions of the building. There were 40 Watt T12 fluorescent lamps found in both locker rooms, the free weight room, lower level, and sky box. There were 28 Watt T8 lamps recently installed in the gymnasium and office area. Two incandescent lamps were found in the meeting room, and according to the client, are rarely used. Several types of exit signs were observed, including multiple incandescent, compact fluorescent, and possibly one light emitting diode (LED). Occupancy sensors have already been installed in the meeting room, bathrooms, gym, and lower-level classroom.

The building’s exterior lighting consists of nine light poles for the parking lots, each containing two 400 Watt lamps that are most likely a mix of high pressure sodium and metal halides. Surrounding the front entrance are four 100 watt incandescent soffit lights, which operate all night, and two poles containing unknown lamps. The unknown lamps are most likely 250-400 watt metal halides. Exterior lamps were estimated to be on from dusk to dawn year around via timers.

2.5 Domestic Hot Water

There are three water heaters that are used for locker rooms, kitchens, and bathrooms. The first is on the first floor and is a 100 gallon Rheemglas Fury water heater with a 75 MBH heating capacity. The second is located in the first floor kitchen and is a 6 gallon ProMax compact electric hot water heater with a heating capacity of 5.6 MBH. The third, located in the basement, is a 100 gallon State SandBlaster self-cleaning gas water heater with a heating capacity of 200 MBH.

2.6 Additional Internal LoadsAdditional internal loads include a gas-powered Mr. Steam brand steam boiler that supplies the sauna, 2 vending machines, 25 standard pieces of electric workout equipment, washer, dryer, and multiple televisions. The office area holds an estimated 8 computers along with a small server. Kitchen areas include a total of 3 refrigerators, 2 microwaves, an oven, toaster oven, and an ice maker.

2.7 Occupancy and Schedules

An average of 15 employees work in the building daily. The average number of visitors in the building varies dramatically based on the day and time.

Table 4: Operating Schedule


Day of Week Public Hours Operational Hours

Monday, Wednesday, Friday 5:30 am to 10:30 pm 5:30 am to 10:30 pmTuesday, Thursday 5:30 am to 9:30 pm 5:30 am to 10:30 pmSaturday 7:00 am to 5:00 pm 5:30 am to 10:30 pmSunday 8:00 am to 5:00 pm 5:30 am to 10:30 pm

3 Energy Consumption Analysis

3.1 Utility Rates

Oak Forest Park District Central Park Building provided electrical and natural gas bills from December 2012 through April 2014.

Electricity is supplied to the facility by First Energy Solutions and delivered by ComEd. Based on the bills, the average cost of electricity is $0.08 per kilowatt-hour (kWh), including taxes and fees.

Natural gas is supplied to the facility by Integrys and delivered by Nicor. Based on the bills, the average cost of natural gas is $0.54 per therm, including taxes and fees.

3.2 Benchmarking

A good method for benchmarking a building’s energy efficiency is to determine its site energy use intensity (kBtu/sf/yr) and energy cost intensity ($/sf/yr). Establishing an existing baseline serves as a metric for comparison with future energy usage.

Based on the provided square footage and analysis of the utility bills, the total site energy use intensity for the building is 110 kBtu/sf/yr and the corresponding energy cost intensity is $1.48/sf/yr. The electrical use intensity is 14.7 kWh/sf/yr and the natural gas use intensity is 0.60 therms/sf/yr.

A summary of the annual energy profile for the facility is provided in the following table.

Table 5: Benchmarking Statistics

Annual Consumption Annual CostsAverage Unit

CostElectricity1 531,566 kWh $41,933 78% $0.08 $/kWhNatural Gas2 21,536 therms $11,588 22% $0.54 $/therm

Total $53,521 100%

Floor Area 36,127 sf

Site Energy Use Intensity 110 kBtu/sf/yrEnergy Cost Intensity

$1.48 $/sf/yr

Electricity Use Intensity 14.7 kWh/sf/yrNatural Gas Use Intensity

0.60 therms/sf/yr

Notes to Table 5:(1) Electric energy is supplied by First Energy Solutions and delivered by ComEd, billed on the H74 rate

class. (2) Natural gas is supplied by Integrys and delivered by Nicor, SEDAC was unable to obtain the rate

class.

3.3 Energy Consumption Profile

Graphic summaries of the electric and gas utility bills for the facility are provided below. As this building has two gas meters, graphs for both are provided. Charts are compared to heating and/or cooling degree days, which are indicative of the duration and intensity of the heating or cooling season.

Figure 3 shows the reported monthly electric energy consumption profile for this building. The building’s electrical consumption follows the cooling degree days line with


a baseload of approximately 32,000 kWh. This indicates that there is a relation between cooling days and electricity consumption, which is expected since air conditioning is a primary electricity use. Electricity consumption above the baseload during winter months is likely a result of the eight space heaters. This additional usage accounts for about 7,500 kwh per month durring the heating season.

Dec-12

Jan-13

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-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

380

280

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80

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420

Monthly kWh Usage Cooling Degree Days

Kwh

CDD

Figure 3: Electric Usage

Figure 4 shows reported monthly natural gas energy consumption profiles compared with heating degree days for the period from December 2012 to March 2014. The chart shows the energy use of space heating, cooking, and domestic hot water (DHW) in the facility. Note that the chart for gas use follows the weather cycles closely, which is expected since heating is the primary gas use. A baseload of approximately 250 therms is shown and would account for DHW and steam for the sauna during the summer.

Dec-12

Jan-13

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Monthly Therm Usage Heating Degree Days

ther

ms

HD

D

Figure 4: Natural Gas Usage


3.4 Breakdown of Energy Consumption

Understanding how energy is used throughout a facility helps prioritize energy improvement efforts. The following figures illustrate a breakdown of the building’s energy use and costs by equipment type, as estimated from spreadsheet analysis. The greatest energy cost for this building is lighting, followed by heating, cooling, and plug loads. Plug loads include workout machines, computers, and other various office equipment. Note that the energy costs breakdown may differ from the energy use breakdown due to the difference in cost per unit of energy between electric and natural gas.

Heating9973.64489807

44419%

Cooling8771.35127426

79216%

Lighting18139.2525384462

34%

DHW1129.92607134

7892%

Fan Motors4492.96328587

6028%

Plug Loads/Other

7723.8642893325314%

Steam Boiler484.254030577669

1%

Electric Heating2805.95361207733

5%

Figure 5: Energy Usage Breakdown by Percent of Cost ($)


Heating47%

Cooling10%

Lighting20%

DHW5%

Fan Motors5%

Plug Loads/Other8%

Steam Boiler2%

Electric Heating3%

Figure 6: Energy Usage Breakdown by Percent of Total Energy (kBtu)


4 Energy Cost Reduction Measures AnalysisSpreadsheets and other analysis tools were developed using discussions with on-site operating personnel and a site tour to verify conditions.

Note that energy calculations used the average of the last year of utility data provided to SEDAC. The economics of all strategies will improve if utility rate increases occur in the future. Breakdowns of cost assumptions and incentives are outlined in Section 5, Table6 and Table 7.

4.1 ECRM 1 - Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures

Replace all general lighting T12 fluorescents and magnetic ballasts with 28W T8 fluorescents and electronic ballasts.

There are still many T12 fixtures left in the building and SEDAC recommends that they be replaced with more efficient T8 fixtures. The Park District can replace the existing T12s with 28W T8s lamp-for-lamp, and install electronic ballasts.

The advantages of the T8 lamps are as follows:

- T8s will consume 30% to 45% less energy than T12 lamps while providing a similar light output.

- Longer lamp life reduces maintenance costs.

- Improved light quality (color rendering) for reading and office tasks.

Additionally, federal minimum lighting efficiency standards have increased and made the T12 technology obsolete. Due to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (effective July 2012), all T12 lamps have been phased out of production and will be unavailable to purchase once the existing products have been bought from the supply chain.1

DCEO currently offers an incentive of $13 per lamp when switching from T12s to T8s with electronic ballasts.

Measure/DescriptionAnnual Savings Economic Analysis

kWh kW Therms $Cost (%)

Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

ECRM 1: Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures 7,332 1.4 (117) $515 1.0% $1,244 40% $2,604 2.4 with $858 in incentives $386 133% $3,422 0.8

4.2 ECRM 2 – Install Occupancy Sensors

Install dual-technology occupancy sensors in dance rooms, rest rooms, private offices, kitchens, storage spaces, and multipurpose rooms.

Occupancy sensors can be installed in areas that are likely to have lights left on while unoccupied. Because often these areas have no one designated to turn off the lights on a regular basis or simply due to human forgetfulness, a significant amount of electrical energy is wasted when these lights are left on. Installing occupancy sensors in

1 www.connexiones.com/t12-phase-out


http://www.connexiones.com/t12-phase-out%20

bathrooms has the potential for a 30-90% energy savings.2 A dual technology (passive infrared and ultrasonic) sensor will help eliminate false-turns offs by sensing both motion and sound. SEDAC suggests programming these sensors with manual-on, auto-off settings in all areas except rest rooms where they should be auto-on, auto-off.

The calculations in this reports assume a 30% lighting energy savings applied to the areas above and assuming the current T12 lighting remains in use. Additional heating and cooling savings is possible by tying the bathroom exhaust fans to the occupancy sensor, but is not accounted for in these savings. The packages of ECRMs at the end of this section will include a slight reduction in kWh due to the occupancy sensors being used for more efficient T8 lighting with the implementation of ECRM1.

The Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (MEEA) Savings Through Efficient Products (STEP) program offers free occupancy sensors. However, there is currently a waiting list. Additional information is available in Appendix B – Energy Saving Incentives and Assistance.



Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

ECRM 2: Occupancy Sensors 34,491 - (552) $2,424 4.5% $500 485% $17,350 0.2 with $400 in incentives $100 2424% $17,730 0.1

4.3 ECRM 3 – Replace Incandescent Exit Signs

Install new LED exit signs to reduce the annual energy costs of the signs.

SEDAC recommends replacing the facility’s six remaining incandescent exit signs with LED exit signs. LED exit signs consume approximately 44 kWh per year and are expected to last 10+ years. Incandescent exit signs consume approximately 350 kWh per year and are expected to last only three months.

Retrofit kits are available that allow you to simply change the lamp and power pack in the existing fixture, or you can purchase a new LED exit sign. The program entitled Savings Through Efficient Products (STEP) currently offers free retrofit kits or signs.

SEDAC recommends immediate implementation of this measure.



Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs 1,836 0.3 (29) $129 0.2% $290 43% $673 2.3 with $270 in incentives $20 645% $930 0.2

4.4 ECRM 4 – Air Seal Envelope / Insulate Attic

Seal all air leakage points in the building envelope and insulate metal roofing.

Openings in the building’s envelope require air-tight sealing to prevent the infiltration of outdoor air, or exfiltration of conditioned indoor air. Over time, these seals will wear and require new sealing. If the seals fail, occupant comfort and energy costs can be affected by air drafts, especially in the winter. Daylight was visible through the main

2http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/pdf/dorene1.pdf Central Park Building, Oak Forest, IL 16 SEDAC Level 3

http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/pdf/dorene1.pdf

office gate, gymnasium, metal roofing in the attic space, and bottom southeast corner of the Oak Room. This presence of daylight implies air leakage. SEDAC recommends sealing these leaks and any others that may be found around windows, doors, etc.

The client expressed occupant discomfort during heating months, which is likely caused by the attic’s poor insulation and air sealing. The consequence of poor insulation and air leakage is a leaky building envelope, which leads to unnecessary heating as well as cooling losses. Some of the moisture collected in the attic might be caused by condensation on the metal decking, which can form on the underside of a poorly uninsulated roof. SEDAC recommends applying a 3 inch layer of closed cell spray foam insulation to the underside of the facility’s metal roofing and sealing any soffit vents to fully enclose the attic within the thermal envelope. This measure will be costly, but will lower energy bills, eliminate/reduce the need for electric space heaters, and increase occupant comfort.



Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

ECRM 4: Air Seal Envelope and Insulate Roof

2,480 - 4,889 $2,826 5.3% $38,029 6% $1,716 13.5

No incentives available

4.5 ECRM 5 – Upgrade Exterior Lighting

Upgrade outdoor soffit and parking lot lighting to more efficient LED lighting.

The facility’s parking lot lighting consists of nine poles with two lamps each that are likely a mixture of high pressure sodium and metal halides. High pressure sodium lamps produce a golden/yellow color that does not provide the best color rendition. LED lamps, however, produce a white light that is perceived by the human eye as being brighter in low light conditions. Because the area lit by LEDs appears brighter, a reduction in lamp lumen output and lamp wattage can be taken into account during the design phase, saving energy. Additionally, high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps have an estimated lifetime of 2-7 years while LED lamps have a lifetime of 11+ years. For the purposes of this analysis, SEDAC assumed all lamps were 400W, which would result in a fixture wattage of 460W. SEDAC recommends replacing all exterior pole lighting with 140W LED fixtures.

In addition, the main entrance contains four exterior 100W incandescent soffit lights. SEDAC recommends replacing these soffit lights with their 18W LED equivalent from the STEP program. The STEP program offers free 18W LED bulbs when switching from incandescent to LED soffit lighting.

It is recommended that the Park District hire a lighting contractor to design and implement this ECRM.

DCEO offers an incentive of $0.30 per kWh saved when replacing exterior lighting with LED fixtures. When selecting an LED product, ensure it is listed on the DesignLights.org website in order to qualify.

The STEP program offers free 18W LED bulbs when switching from incandescent to LED soffit lighting.




Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

ECRM 5: Upgrade exterior lighting 26,665 - - $2,104 3.9% $13,524 9% $2,590 6.4 with $7,773 in incentives $5,751 35% $9,992 2.7

4.6 ECRM 6 – Replace Two HVAC Units

Replace two existing packaged rooftop units with more efficient units.

The client expressed interest in replacing two packaged rooftop units used in the facility. SEDAC recommends replacing them with high efficiency units eligible for DCEO incentives. For HVAC units between 5.5 and 20 tons of cooling, the size used in the facility, the minimum qualifying efficiency to receive incentives is an EER of 12 or higher. DCEO offers $100 per ton of cooling with this incentive.

Annual savings were calculated using the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory high efficiency to standard efficiency HVAC savings calculator. An efficiency of 12 EER was used for the high efficiency unit and an efficiency of 10 EER was used for the standard efficiency unit.

The economic analysis below represents the potential savings achieved by purchasing two high efficiency packaged rooftop units opposed to standard units. For example, the capital cost listed is the difference between the cost of 2 high efficiency units and 2 standard units.



Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units 10,274 2.4 - $810 1.5% $4,320 18% $5,505 5.3 with $2,000 in incentives $2,320 35% $7,410 2.8

4.7 ECRM 7 – Install Vending Machine Controls

Install vending controls on all vending machines to reduce their consumption, particularly when the building is unoccupied.

SEDAC recommends installing a device that senses occupancy and cycles power to vending machines when no one is present.

Vending machines operate 24 hours a day, even if a space is unoccupied. Instead, occupancy-based devices can be installed to control a machine’s operation by sensing if people are nearby. When people are in the vicinity, the machine operates as expected, ready for a sale. As people exit the area, the sensor will wait a set amount of time and then turn off components of the machine. To maintain temperature levels in cold drink vending, the sensor device cycles the compressor once every one to three hours. This practice results in both energy and maintenance savings, and DCEO offers an incentive of $110 per control attached to each cold drink machine.

The installation of this device is simple. A controller is positioned between the plug of the machine and the outlet. An occupancy sensor is then placed on the top of the machine. SEDAC recommends proceeding with this measure.




Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls

2,184 - (35) $156 0.3% $378 40% $787 2.4

with $220 in incentives $158 99% $997 1.0

4.8 ECRM 8 – Install Programmable Thermostats

Install programmable thermostats to implement setbacks in the building which will reduce energy usage of the building during unoccupied hours.

SEDAC recommends replacing the facility’s manual thermostats with programmable thermostats.

Programmable thermostats allow for temperatures to be set-back during unoccupied hours, leading to energy and cost savings. SEDAC recommends an occupied temperature of 70°F and an unoccupied temperature of 65°F during the heating season. SEDAC recommends an occupied temperature of 74°F and an unoccupied temperature of 80°F during the cooling season. Setback times vary, depending on how quickly a building or building section is capable of recovering in the morning (some trial and error may be required), but a typical setback schedule starts an hour after people leave and returns to normal an hour before people arrive. Savings were calculated using the Department of Energy’s rule of thumb is that for every 1 degree setback for an 8 hour period, 1% savings on heating/cooling will be achieved3, though savings were reduced due to an estimated 1/3 of the building already being on programmable thermostats with setbacks.



Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats

4,448 - 556 $650 1.2% $440 148% $4,361 0.7

4.9 ECRM 9 – Install Demand Control Ventilation

By code, fresh air has to be introduced into a facility through mechanical means (ventilation) to maintain indoor air quality (IAQ) for occupants. During periods of variable, low, or no occupancy, ventilation amounts can automatically be reduced within acceptable limits. The Oak Forest Central Park building currently ventilates whenever the HVAC systems are operated for heating or cooling. This practice is inefficient, especially with no setbacks currently in place.

Before it is delivered to a space, outside air must be conditioned first, which consumes energy for heating, cooling, or dehumidifying. Over ventilating improves air quality, but at the price of high utility bills. The effect of over ventilating is especially apparent in the winter when there is a large difference in temperature between outside and inside. The demand control ventilation strategy involves constant monitoring of occupancy within a space and only delivering the amounts of fresh air required for that number of people.

3 http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/thermostatsCentral Park Building, Oak Forest, IL 19 SEDAC Level 3

http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/thermostats

Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, an indicator of occupancy within a space, can be monitored. The trend for well built, insulated, and air sealed buildings results in tighter envelopes. As people breathe, concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) increase as a direct result of less air infiltration/ exfiltration through the envelope. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62.1-2010, allows indoor CO2 levels 700 ppm above outdoor levels. According to this standard, the indoor concentration levels should be limited to about 1,100 ppm for most situations to prevent odors. This setting equates to an outdoor air ventilation rate of 15 cfm/person.

Each zone can be equipped with a space-level CO2 sensor to estimate occupancy, which will then control dampers mixing fresh air with the return air streams at the air handler. If multiple zones are assigned to one air handler, a poll of all zone sensors can be done to estimate an average. Likewise, a common return duct-level sensor will produce an average occupancy to control the dampers. An issue with averaging occupancy is that some spaces may be vacant or have low occupancy while others are at design occupancy. This scenario can still produce over-or under-ventilated areas and should be avoided, if possible.

CO2 sensors may cost $200-$500 dollars each. The manufacturer should be consulted on the frequency of calibration. Rule-of-thumb minimum for sensor calibration is every 2 years. Installed costs for each sensor, including labor and integration with air handlers is estimated at $1,200 per sensor.

SEDAC recommends implementing demand control ventilation for the facility’s gymnasium. ASHRAE estimates savings of 10 to 30 percent on ventilation, heating, and cooling loads in a space which implements DCV. For the purposes of this analysis SEDAC used the Illinois Technical Reference Manual (TRM) and estimated the gym consisted of 12,000 square feet of space.

DCEO currently offers an incentive of $40 dollars per thousand square feet controlled when implementing a new demand control ventilation system.



Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB


6,984 - 876 $1,022 1.9% $1,500 68% $6,087 1.5

with $480 in incentives $1,020 100% $6,544 1.0

4.10 Package 1: All ECRMs

Each of the recommended ECRMs discussed individually in this report offers favorable economics based on the investment and savings. We offer a package of the recommended ECRMs together to account for any interaction between the strategies. The capital costs and the ability to finance these strategies are provided so the Oak Forest Park District can determine the best strategies for this facility. Keep in mind that the cost of doing nothing for each of these strategies is higher than implementation.

Package 1 includes all strategies that are cost effective on their own (or with incentives). The strategies included are:

ECRM 1: Retrofit Existing T12 FixturesCentral Park Building, Oak Forest, IL 20 SEDAC Level 3

ECRM 2: Install Occupancy Sensors ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs ECRM 4: Air Seal Envelope / Insulate Attic ECRM 5: Upgrade Exterior Lighting ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats ECRM 9: Install Demand Control Ventilation

Measure/ DescriptionAnnual Savings Economic Analysis


Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

Package 1: All ECRMs 93,176 4.1 4,974 $10,026 18.7% $60,225 14% $41,754 6.0 with $10,582 in incentives $44,577 21% $56,657 4.5

4.11 Package 2: ECRMs 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9

Package 2 includes all strategies that are cost effective on their own (or with incentives), except ECRMs 4 and 6 because of their high capital cost (ECRM6 shows only the incremental cost, the overall cost will be much higher). This package should be considered if sufficient capital is not attained to finance ECRMs 4 and 6.

ECRM 1: Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures ECRM 2: Install Occupancy Sensors ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs ECRM 5: Upgrade Exterior Lighting ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats ECRM 9: Install Demand Control Ventilation

Measure/ DescriptionAnnual Savings Economic Analysis


Capital Cost

IRR NPV SPB

Package 2: ECRMs 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 81,697 1.7 573 $6,753 12.6% $17,876 36% $32,636 2.7 with $8,582 in incentives $9,414 71% $40,695 1.4

4.12 Additional Energy Cost Reduction Measures

The following additional measures have not been quantified in this report, but are recommended for further consideration.

4.12.1 Install Ozone Laundry

The current facility laundry system can be replaced to save on energy cost. Ozone laundry is a great option for cleaning clothes and towels while using less energy than traditional laundry equipment. Approximately half the natural gas consumption used in the laundry is for heating water. The other half is used in drying the laundry. Ozone laundry systems can eliminate up to 90% or more of the facility’s hot water usage.4 Ozone systems work by injecting ozone gas into the cold water in the washing machine. 4 www.ozonelaundrysystems.com/Products.htmlCentral Park Building, Oak Forest, IL 21 SEDAC Level 3

http://www.ozonelaundrysystems.com/Products.html

The water then is absorbed by the fibers of the laundry and works to release stains. Laundry which has undergone this process takes less time to dry as well, which in total reduces natural gas costs for hot water in the washing cycle and dryer time.

4.12.2 Install Tankless Water Heaters

Tankless water heaters save energy by providing hot water only when it is needed, eliminating the standby energy losses associated with storage water heaters. When a hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels through a pipe into the unit where a gas burner or an electric element heats it. Typically, a tankless water heater can provide hot water at a rate of 2 to 5 gallons per minute.5 The facility water heaters can be replaced with tankless water heaters to save on energy cost. DCEO currently offers an incentive of $1,500 for tankless water heaters that have an output of 5 gallons per minute or greater and a thermal efficiency of 80% of higher.

4.12.3 Install Low-Flow Aerators

Replacing the existing sink aerators with low-flow aerators is a quick and easy way to save on water and natural gas used to heat the water. New aerators will reduce the existing flow to about a quarter of the original flow at the same pressure.

SEDAC recommends proceeding with this low cost measure immediately due to its favorable economics. There is currently an incentive for free aerators through the STEP program.

4.12.4 Purchase ENERGY STAR Appliances

A large portion of the facilities energy consumption (about 22%) is from various plug loads. ENERGY STAR® certifies computers, office equipment, kitchen appliances, window AC units, and other equipment that meet efficiency requirements established by the EPA. For more information, see the ENERGY STAR Products webpage6.

5 Cost Allowances and IncentivesMany ECRMs presented in this report may be eligible for DCEO Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standards (EEPS) incentives.

Through funding from DCEO, qualified public facilities can receive free, easy-to-install energy saving products through the Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance’s (MEEA) Savings Through Efficient Products (STEP) program. This program provides the building owner with free products to install, such as CFL lamps, occupancy sensors, low-flow aerators and spray valves, and many more. See Appendix B – Energy Saving Incentives and Assistance for more information.

The basic rules for the DCEO Illinois Energy Now programs are:

Energy efficiency improvements not covered under the Standard Incentive program are eligible for Custom Incentives.

5 http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/tankless-or-demand-type-water-heaters6 https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product. Central Park Building, Oak Forest, IL 22 SEDAC Level 3

https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product

http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/tankless-or-demand-type-water-heaters

The maximum incentive that will be awarded a single facility per program year is $300,000 total from both the standard and custom incentives.

Custom Incentives are based on $0.12/kWh of estimated savings and $3.00/therm of savings. Calculations and documentation are required to estimate the energy saved

Pre-approval before purchasing equipment is required. The maximum value of the any incentive cannot exceed 75% of the total project

cost. If additional incentives are provided to the project from other public sources [such as State Energy Program (SEP), Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants (EECBG), Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation (ICECF)], the combined DCEO and other public source incentives cannot exceed 100% of the total project cost.

For Custom Incentives, the annual energy savings, before incentive, must show a payback between 1 - 7 years using total or incremental cost.

Bundled projects may have an overall cap of 75% of total project cost, providing the payback of each Custom portion is between 1 - 7 years.

For more information, see:www.illinoisbiz.biz/dceo/Bureaus/Energy_Recycling/Energy/Energy+Efficiency/

Table 6 provides current information on the grants available at the time this report was published. Further information and links to the web sites are listed in the Appendix B.

Table 6: Financial Incentives

ECRM Incentive Total Incentive Provider

ECRM 1: T12 Lamps to T8 Lamps

$13 per lamp replaced, 108 lamps$858 (75% of

total cost)DCEO

ECRM 2: Occupancy Sensors

Free occupancy sensors, otherwise 8 sensors at $50 each with

installation$400 STEP program

ECRM 3: Replace incandescent exit signs

Free LED exit signs, 6 signs $270 STEP program

ECRM 5: Upgrade exterior lighting

$0.30 per kWh saved with LED exterior lighting, 18 pole lights

Free 18W LED soffits lights when replacing incandescent lamps, 4

soffit lights

$6,354DCEO

STEP program

ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units

$100 per ton of cooling for HVAC units with 12 EER or higher, two 10

ton units$2,000 DCEO


$110 per beverage machine control $220 DCEO


$40 per 1,000 square feet of space controlled by sensor

$480 DCEO

ECRM first-cost estimation was based on the following budget numbers.

Table 7: Cost Estimates

Energy Cost Cost Estimates Investment Source


http://www.illinoisbiz.biz/dceo/Bureaus/Energy_Recycling/Energy/Energy+Efficiency/

Reduction Measure

ECRM 1: T12 Lamps to T8 Lamps

108 T8 lamps at $3.00/lamp41 ballasts at $20.00/ballast

In house labor assumed at $10 an hour for $100

$1,244 www.1000bulbs.com

ECRM 2: Occupancy Sensors

8 Occupancy Sensors at $50 each$100 in house labor

$500 www.1000bulbs.com

ECRM 3: Replace incandescent exit signs

6 Exit sign at $45 eachIn house labor assumed at $10 an

hour for $20$290 www.1000bulbs.com

ECRM 4: Air seal envelope and insulate roof

15,979 square feet of roof insulation at $2.38 per square foot

Various air sealing equipment$38,029

RSMEANS Building Construction Cost Data

ECRM 5: : Upgrade exterior lighting

18 LED pole fixtures at $740 each4 18W LED soffit lights at $51 each

$13,524 www.beeslighting.com

ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units

2 high efficiency HVAC units at cost of $2160 above normal HVAC unit

price$4320

RSMEANS Building Construction Cost Data


$189 per cold drink machine control$378 www.energymisers.com

ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats

$110 per thermostat replaced (estimated 4 total) $440 www.homedepot.com


$500 for the sensor$1,000 for the installation and labor $1,500

Illinois Technical Reference Manual


http://www.homedepot.com/

6 Conclusions and RecommendationsThe results of this report indicate that several energy cost reduction measures, either alone or in combination, have favorable life cycle economics for the Oak Forest Park District. Table 8 and Table 9 show a summary of the modeling results. The ECRMs included in the combined package offer significant potential for annual savings.

These recommendations produce financial benefits, along with a number of qualitative improvements to building comfort and environmental impact. By implementing this package, the energy use intensity would decrease as follows:

Existing building 110 kBtu/sf/yr

Package 1 87 kBtu/sf/yr

Package 2 101 kBtu/sf/yr

The recommended energy-saving strategies include:

ECRM 1: Replace All T12 Lamp Fixtures with T8 Lamp Fixtures ECRM 2: Occupancy Sensors ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs ECRM 4: Air Seal Envelope / Insulate Attic ECRM 5: Upgrade Exterior Lighting ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats ECRM 9: Install Demand Control Ventilation Package 1: All ECRMs

Each ECRM was analyzed individually to enable the reader to see the potential effect of each ECRM on annual utility bills. The ECRMs were then analyzed together as a package to account for the interaction between measures. Note that concurrent implementation of multiple ECRMs often results in different total savings than the sum of the individual ECRMs.

Energy and cost savings associated with these ECRMs and the ECRM package are reported in the following table.


Table 8: Billed Energy and Cost Savings

Modeled Annual Savings fromECRMs and Packages

Annual Facility Savings

Electricity(kWh)

Electric Demand

(kW)

Natural Gas

(Therms)

Energy Cost($)

Cost Savings

(%)

Energy Savings

(%)ECRM 1: Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures 7,332 1.4 (117) $515 1.0% 0.3%ECRM 2: Occupancy Sensors 34,491 - (552) $2,424 4.5% 1.8%ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs 1,836 0.3 (29) $129 0.2% 0.1%ECRM 4: Air Seal Envelope & Insulate Roof 2,480 - 4889 $2,826 5.3% 12.5%ECRM 5: Upgrade Exterior Lighting 26,665 - - $2,104 3.9% 1.9%ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units 10,274 2.4 - $810 1.5% 2.8%ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls 2,184 - (35) $156 0.3% 0.2%ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats 4,448 - 556 $650 1.2% 1.8%ECRM 9: Install Demand Control Ventilation 6,984 - 876 $1,022 1.9% 2.8%Package 1: All ECRMs 93,176 4.1 4,974 $10,026 18.7% 20.6%Package 2: ECRMs 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 81,697 1.7 573 $6,753 12.6% 8.5%

Notes to Table 8:(1) Results are in today’s dollars on a pre-tax basis. This analysis does not include a likely fluctuation in

energy prices over the analysis period.(2) When ECRMs are implemented as a package, results vary from application of individual ECRMs.

The economic analysis of the ECRMs and the ECRM Package is reported in the following table.

Table 9: Economic Analysis

Energy Cost Savings

($)

Capital Cost($)

IRR(%)

NPV($)

Simple Payback

(SPB) (years)

ECRM 1: Retrofit Existing T12 Fixtures

$515$1,244 40% $2,604 2.4

with $858 in incentives $515 $386 133% $3,422 0.8ECRM 2: Occupancy Sensors $2,424 $500 485% $17,350 0.2 with $400 in incentives $2,424 $100 2424% $17,730 0.1ECRM 3: Replace Incandescent Exit Signs

$129 $290 43% $673 2.3

with $270 in incentives $129 $20 645% $930 0.2ECRM 4: Air Seal Envelope & Insulate Attic

$2,826 $38,029 6% $1,716 13.5

No incentives available - - - - -ECRM 5: Upgrade Exterior Lighting $2,104 $13,524 9% $2,590 6.4 with $6,354 in incentives $2,104 $5,751 35% $9,992 2.7ECRM 6: Replace Two HVAC Units

$810 $4,320 28% $10,477 3.5

with $2,000 in incentives $810 $2,320 53% $12,382 1.9ECRM 7: Install Vending Machine Controls

$156$378 40% $787 2.4

with $220 in incentives $156 $158 99% $997 1.0ECRM 8: Install Programmable Thermostats

$650 $440 148% $4,361 0.7


$1,022 $1,500 68% $6,087 1.5

with $480 in incentives $1,020 100% $6,544 1.0Package 1: All ECRMs $10,026 $60,225 14% $41,754 6.0 with $10,582 in $10,026 $44,577 21% $56,657 4.5


incentivesPackage 2: ECRMs 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9

$6,753$17,876 36% $32,636 2.7

with $8,582 in incentives $6,753 $9,414 71% $40,695 1.4

Notes to Table 9:(5) Discount rate is assumed to be 5%; ECRMs with IRR less than 5% produce a negative NPV.(6) Lifetimes of ECRMs are assumed to be 10 years, except ECRMs 4 and 6, which are assumed to be

25 and 20 years. Package 1 is calculated using a lifetime of 15 years and Package 2 is calculated using a lifetime of 10 years. (Averages weighted by cost savings)

(7) Incentives noted are available from DCEO & STEP. See additional information in Section 5.(8) Capital cost for ECRM6 is an incremental cost over and above the cost of standard equipment.

Additional (non-quantified) measures considered and recommended in this report include:

aECRM 1: Install Ozone Laundry aECRM 2: Install Tankless Water Heaters aECRM 3: Replace Existing Sink Aerators with Low-Flow Aerators aECRM 4: Purchase ENERGY STAR Appliances

This analysis does not replace engineering design, which will be necessary for project implementation and bid preparation.

To demonstrate its effectiveness to the State of Illinois, SEDAC is asked to compile quarterly reports that document implementation of energy efficiency measures. We ask that you keep us apprised of all work towards implementation of our recommendations; this information will allow us to accurately reflect subsequent savings. We will also contact you periodically to discuss, answer questions, and review status.

Thank you for participating in the Smart Energy Design Assistance Program.


Appendix A – AbbreviationsA/C Air conditioningACH Air changes per hourAFUE Annual fuel utilization efficiencyAHU Air handling unitASHRAE American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers

BAS Building automation systemBF Ballast factorBHP Boiler horsepowerBtu British thermal unitBtuh Btus per hourCBECS Commercial Building Energy

Consumption SurveyCDD Cooling degree daysCFL Compact fluorescent lampCHP Combined heat and powerCMU Concrete masonry unit (concrete

block)COP Coefficient of performanceCRT Cathode-ray tubeDCEO Illinois Department of Commerce and

Economic OpportunityDDC Direct digital controlsDOE U.S. Department of EnergyDSIRE Database of State Incentives for

Renewables and EfficiencyDWH Domestic water heaterECI Energy cost indexECRMs Energy cost reduction measuresEEPS Energy Efficiency Portfolio StandardEER Energy efficiency ratioEF Energy factor (domestic water heaters)EPA U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyEPDM Ethylene propylene diene monomer

rubber (roofing membrane)EUI Energy use intensity F Fahrenheitfc Footcandlesft Foot or Feet GSHP Ground source heat pumpHDD Heating degree daysHID High intensity dischargehr Hour HSPF Heating seasonal performance factorHVAC Heating, ventilating, and air

conditioningHP HorsepowerIECC International Energy Conservation

Code

IL ECC Illinois Energy Conservation CodeIESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of

North AmericaIRR Internal rate of return kBtu kiloBtu; 1,000 British thermal unitskW kilowatt; 1,000 watts kWh kilowatt-hours; 1,000 watt-hours LCD Liquid crystal displayLED Light emitting diodeLow-E Low emissivityLPD Lighting power density (W/sf)MBH 1,000 Btus per hourO&M Operation and MaintenanceNPV Net present valuePKG PackagePSI Pounds per square inchPSMH Pulse start metal halidePTAC Package terminal air conditioning unitPTHP Package terminal heat pumpPV PhotovoltaicRCx Retro-commissioningRTU Rooftop unitR-Value A measure of the resistance of building

materials to heat transferSEDAC Smart Energy Design Assistance

CenterSEER Seasonal energy efficiency ratiosf or ft2 Square feetSC Shading coefficientSHGC Solar heat gain coefficientSPB Simple paybackT5 Tubular fluorescent lamp, 5/8”

diameterT8 Tubular fluorescent lamp, 1” diameterT12 Tubular fluorescent lamp, 1½”

diameterTherm Unit of measure for natural gas, equal

to 100,000 Btus or a volume of 100 cubic feet.

USGBC U.S. Green Building CouncilU-Value A measure of the transfer of heat

through a building materialVFD Variable frequency driveVSD Variable speed drive VT Visible transmittanceW WattsWSHP Water source heat pumpYr Year(s)


Appendix B – Energy Saving Incentives and Assistance

Finding Additional Funding and Incentives

Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation provides grants for energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy projects: http://www.illinoiscleanenergy.org/

For information on state and federal rebates and tax credits, see Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE):http://www.dsireusa.org/index.cfm?EE=0&RE=1

SEDAC provides a web page to post relevant documents and link to programs and services at:Incentives.sedac.org Bookmark this page and watch for updates.

Public Sector Savings Through Efficient Products Program

Through funding from DCEO, qualified public facilities can receive free, easy-to-install energy saving products through the Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (MEEA) Savings Through Efficient Products (STEP) program. The facility is responsible for timely installation. Free products include:

LED Exit Signs Low-flow Faucet Aerators Low-flow Showerheads Kitchen Pre-rinse Green Nozzles CFLs Vending Machine Controls Occupancy Sensors LED Screw-in Bulbs for Outdoors

For more information, email [email protected] or visit www.mwalliance.org/programs/step

Illinois Association of County Board Members

The Illinois Association of County Board Members is available to help you through the entire application process. Their expert staff is available to assist in completing incentive applications and helping owners during each step of implementing energy efficiency. For additional information, call 217-741-2489 or email [email protected]

Finding Contractors and Installers

Several websites list information on qualified providers for implementation.

DCEO Illinois Energy Now: http://www.erc.uic.edu/tradeallies/index.php Ameren Illinois ActOnEnergy:

http://www.actonenergy.com/for-contractors/non-residential-contractors ComEd Smart Ideas: https://www.comed.com/business-savings/find-

contractor/Pages


https://www.comed.com/business-savings/find-contractor/Pages/default.aspx

https://www.comed.com/business-savings/find-contractor/Pages/default.aspx

http://www.actonenergy.com/for-contractors/non-residential-contractors

http://www.erc.uic.edu/tradeallies/index.php

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.mwalliance.org/programs/step

mailto:[email protected]

http://smartenergy.illinois.edu/energy-incentives.html

http://www.dsireusa.org/index.cfm?EE=0&RE=1

http://www.illinoiscleanenergy.org/

oak forest pd level iii report final

Documents

energy group

annual energy costs

university of illinois

state of illinois

energy efficiency savings

central avenue oak forest

existing building consumption

energy resources center