o-site wood construction · 2018. 12. 17. · highlight design and construction techniques unique...
TRANSCRIPT
Off-Site Wood Construction:
What, Why, How and the Future.
Randall S. Walter, AIA, LEED AP
Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.
“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider #G516.
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of han-dling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product._____________________________Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be ad-dressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Course Description
Due to skilled labor shortages, compressed schedules, and the potential for greater quality control, off-site wood construction has become increasingly popular. This presentation will cover the unique design and construction techniques associated with pre-fabricated and off-site panelized wood systems. An introduction to the different levels of off-site construction and review of associated products and services will be followed by a demonstration of cost and schedule benefits based on real-world projects. A step-by-step process will be presented for designers new to off-site construction, with information on how to find and utilize partners and resources, the integrated design process, and differences compared to traditional on-site methods. Trends and future projections for the use of off-site construction, as well as its advantages, will also be reviewed.
Discuss factors such as skilled labor shortages and potential for greater quality control that have prompted the increased use of off-site wood construction.
Learning Objectives
Using commercial and multi-family case studies, review the cost and schedule savings realized through the use of off-site wood construction.
Highlight design and construction techniques unique to off-site construction such as assembly selection, sequencing and parallel construction.
Demonstrate the tools available to design and construction professionals looking to implement off-site construction, such as design resources, partners and industry associations, and 3D modeling methods.
Credit(s) Earned
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon re-quest.
This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or constructed to be an ap-proval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of con-struction or any method or manner of handling, using, dis-tributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specfic materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Big breakthroughs happen when what is suddenly possible meets what is desperately necessary.
-Thomas Friedman
An Industry Unaffected by Other Technology
1820 1940 2006
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A Challanged History Built-in inefficiency
• Weather-based delays, shutdowns• Linear Process• Raw materials to finished product under difficult conditions,
with inadequate tools
Skill degradation• Extreme personnel turnover rates (20%-60%)• Majority of workers have minimal education• Lack of education, skills & attitude for new demands• Minimal or zero requirements
Poor quality• Most defective products consumers purchase..• 15% - 80% serious defect rate• Decades long industry culture of accepted compromise
• 80 miles an hour• Fuel efficient engine• 200,000 + miles w/ little maintenance• Battery powered electrical system• Multiple computers & sensors• Auto Heating & Cooling• Complete sound system• Comfortable Seats w/ power controls• Airbag protection• Defects unacceptable
For $20,000
• Just sits there• Walls & Roof• Lights & outlets• Defects accepted
For $20,000
Precise• 1/32” tolerances (thickness of a business card)
Consistent Quality • Industrial manufacturing process instead of in-situ (on site)• Equivalent of ISO9001 type assurance
Lean Manufacturing• Ideal work space• Repetition
Develop Sub Assemblies• Added value through integration• Packaging waste control
Continuous Improvement• Interface Control • Feed Back Loop
Off-Site Opportunity
Prefab Architecture by Ryan Smith http://itac.utah.edu
Refabricating Architectureby Steven Kieran and James Timberlake
Other Reading
Other Industries Get It
Would You Build a Car in Your Driveway?
Off site/prefab opportunity: area of expansion
Modular: reasonably well defined industryConstrained design
Value Proposition
On-Site• Easily disrupted by weather • Challanging safety environment• Handling challanges• Theft
Off-Site• Compressed schedule• Lean manfacturing• Waste control• Better jobs
Intersection of Strategies
Design | Build | DeliverDigital Fabrication Offsite
Prefab – Kits, panelization, modulesMontage – site for assemblyReduced site impact – time, waste
= 3D printed buildings
Virtual Building
Precision TEAM
BIM
CNC IPD
Open-Built & Montage
Principles and Innovationsfor
21st Century Homebuilding
Built From Model: Parrallel Processing
Foundation
Fabricate InstallModeling
Mech Connections
Exterior Finishes
Layout from plans, cut, attach, measure, order, wait, install, measure, cut, fit,
Shell
Site Construction
InstallMillwork & Products Modeling Fabricate
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Learn from Everywhere
Montage
New EnglandTF Legacy Building
Off-site benefits and skills3D modeling value
Discipline of connectionsSite efficiency tools & logistics
Discipline & Skills
JapanLean Manufacturing
KaizenPrecision
Power of ModularityTradition of Perfection
FrancePride in Craft/training
Craft knowledgePersonal discipline
HumilityHistorical Perspective
Holland Open Building
Lives must PrevailRational Design & Building
Time based organization Sustainability through Adaptability
Dimensional Coordination
ScandinaviaOptimization
Most Off-Site Construction Appropriate TechnologyBest Energy Standard
Building ScienceMontage Design
Germany/Austria/SwitzerlandCNC Tools
Software LeadTechnology AdaptationModern Manufacturing
Advanced Education for tradesDurable Building standard
Montage Design & Building
“Montage is about prefabrication and assembly...the dual nature is identified by the dichotomy be-tween montage as a construction strategy and montage as a aesthetic strategy.
...a way of thinking about architecture as an instru-ment rather than a monument..” - Charlotte Bundgaard, Montage Revisted
Montage - Any combination of disparate elements that forms or is felt to form a unified whole.
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Montage Building
Site is the worst place to attempt to control • Quality• Efficiency• Cost• Time• Job satisfaction
Site for assembly only; avoid cutting and shaping.
Open-Built Strategy 50,000 to 50 (Distilling Parts and Pieces into high value Building Elements)
Building Element FabricationA continuum of change
Build it Twice: Virtual before Actual BIM to BPM
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Everything Modeled:
Power of BIM• Design = Simulated building• Automated PM information—costs, supply chain,
shipping, etc.• Automated cutting and shaping machine code
Plan, Deliver and LEAD
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BIM to CNCOur Tireless Workers
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Flat Pack Virtual and Actual ShippingRecycled Wrapping
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Gantry System: Wall Production
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Site Montage
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Site Assembly
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Mechanical Cartridges
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Cartridge Installation
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Core-WallIntegrated Mechanical System Element
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Core-Wall Installation
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Bath and Mechanical Room Pod
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Mechanical Room Module
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Bathroom Pods Montage
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How Buildings Learnby Stewart Brand
Supportsby John Habraken
Additional Strategies: Open Building
Shell Impact: Public control, regulationIntent: Long term durability, sustainability Players: Architects, Engineers, Public Agencies
Infill Impact: Private, freedom Intent: Easy change, modificationPlayers: Inhabitants, interior designers, semi-professionals.
Disentangle the Process
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Open Building Disentanglement
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Montage Design: Dimensional Coordination
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OBGrid 3D MatrixStructure• 2 ft.• 2 ft. x 4ft.
Infill:• 3 in.• 6 in. x 1 ft.Vertical:• 7.5 in. DivisiblesMultiples
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Montage DesignDesign Assemblies, “Compose” Designs
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Mass Customization (combination) Strategies
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Montage Design Composition
Open Building Innovation
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Montage Building Recipe:21st Century Skills, Old World Craft Attitude
Operating System
• 3D software automation• OBGrid: Montage Design• CNC cutting and shaping• Open-Built disentanglement
Lean Manufacturing
• Constant improvement• Custom production• Mass Customization
High skills/craftsmanship
• Discipline, Pride• Service to society
Building Science
• High performance• Net Zero
Project Examples: South Face Village
Project Examples: Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens
The “Hole” Story
Project Examples: The Design Building at UMass
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Even Renovation
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Small Modules, Combined Modules
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Stadthaus-Murray Groveby Waugh-Thistleton Architects
Bridport House-HackneyEurban
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How to get Started
Need site space• Deliveries• Boom truck or crane• Evaluate Access
Partners• Build a Team• Decide where
info will live.
Different flow to decisions making and commitments• Get Everything in Model Early• Work the Model • Rely on Model
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Important Differences
On-Site• Schedule allows for field changes• Each step adjusts to previous dimension
and (in)accuracy
Off-Site• Less Design Flexibility• Accuracy is paramount - site portion affect install fit• Cost may or may not be higher, however time=$• Anticipate need to protect installed finish materials• Design the schedule and share extensively
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A Better Way to Build
• Build time will be 20 days vs 100 – 260 days• Off-Site Impact: 75% vs 10% to 30%• Safe working conditions• Consistent working conditions• Good Jobs:
• Discipline, Training, Skills• Empowerment; low turnover
Montage = Combination of Disparate Elements that Forms or is Felt to Form a Whole, Unified, Singular Image
Questions?This concludes the American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course
Randall S. Walter, AIA LEED [email protected]