nwt addictions report 2010
TRANSCRIPT
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NWT Addictions Report
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Kspin ki nitawihtn nhyawihk ma cimwin, tipwsinn.
Cree
erihts dne sin yati ta hutselkr xa beyyati thefi ate, nuwe tsn y
Chipewyan
If you would like this information in another ofcial language, call us.English
Si vous voulez ces renseignements en franais, contactez-nous.
Franais
Jii gwandak izhii ginjk vatatrijfihchuu zht yinohthan j, diitst ginohkn
Gwichin
Hapkua titiqqat pijumagupkit Inuinnaqtun, uvaptinnut hivajarlutit.
Inuinnaqtun
b4fx tt6vw5 WJmAFQ5 wk4tgo6ymlt4, s?5t8k5 scM J8N6gt5.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The aim of this report is to present detailed findings from the 2009 NWT Addictions Survey.Topics covered include the prevalence of alcohol use, tobacco, illicit drugs and gambling
activities.
The 2009 NWT Addictions Survey included core content from the Canadian Tobacco Use and
Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) while the alcohol, illicit drug and gambling items in the
questionnaire were derived from the core content of the Canadian Addictions Survey (CAS).
This report will help to provide reliable data on alcohol, illicit drug, tobacco use and gamblingactivities within the NWT. In turn, this data can be used to:
1. Assist government and health professionals understand the current state of substanceuse in the NWT; and
2. Inform decision-making related to prevention and treatment programming.Alcohol Highlights
In the 12 months prior to the 2009 survey, 77% of NWT residents 15 years and over
reported they consumed alcohol.
43% of residents surveyed said they typically consume 5 or more drinks on one
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Tobacco Use Highlights
In the NWT the proportion of current smokers dropped from 44% in 1996 to 36% in
2009.
Between 1996 and 2009, there was a significant increase in the proportion of people
who have never smoked: 15 to 24 year olds (27% to 48%); and 25 to 39 year olds (32%
to 46%).
The prevalence of daily smoking among Aboriginal people 15 years and over declined
from 53% in 1996 to 38% in 2009. However, Aboriginal people continue to have higherrates of daily smoking than non-aboriginal (38% vs. 14%).
The likelihood of being a daily smoker is lower in Yellowknife than in the regional
centers and other communities.
In 2009, 22% of women indicated they smoked during pregnancy. Approximately 1 in 10
pregnant women had spouses or partners that smoked around them.
Residents of the NWT were also exposed to second-hand smoke in their homes and in
vehicles. Twenty percent indicated that at least one family member or visitor smokedinside their home every day or almost every day and 24% were exposed to second-hand
smoke in cars at least once a week.
Gambling Highlights
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Alcohol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Illicit Drug Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
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LIST OF TABLES
Figure 1: Proportion of current drinkers by demographic characteristics among residents
aged 15+, NWT 2009 5
Figure 2: Overall trends in the frequency of drinking among current drinkers aged 15+
NWT 1996 2009 6
Figure 3: Frequency of drinking more than once a week by demographic characteristics
among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009 7
Figure 4: Overall trends in the usual number of drinks consumed on a single occasion
among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009 8
Figure 5: Usual amount of alcohol consumed in a single sitting (5+ drinks)
by demographic characteristics among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009 9
Figure 6: Proportion of heavy drinking of least once a month by demographic
characteristics among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009 11
Figure 7: Type of drinker among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 12
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Figure 16: Demographic characteristics in AUDIT score 8+ among current drinkers
aged 15+, NWT 2009 21
Figure 17: Proportion of cannabis ever tried by demographic characteristics
among residents aged 15+, NWT 1996 & 2009 22
Figure 18: Proportion of cannabis use in the past 12 months by demographic
characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 23
Figure 19: Cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, speed, ecstasy and heroin
ever used in lifetime among residents aged 15+, NWT 2002 2009 24
Figure 20: Proportion of cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, speed, ecstasy, and heroin
ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+
NWT 2009 25
Figure 21: Prevalence of other illicit drugs ever used in lifetime among residents
aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009 26
Figure 22: Cocaine/crack ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics
among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 26
Figure 23: Hallucinogens ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics
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Figure 35: Average number of cigarettes per day by demographic characteristics
among daily smokers aged 15+, NWT 2009 36
Figure 36: Overall trend in quit rates among ever smokers aged 15+
NWT 1996 2009 37
Figure 37: Quit rates by demographic characteristics among ever smokers
aged 15+, NWT 1996 & 2009 37
Figure 38: Smoking during pregnancy among women aged 20 44, NWT 1996 2009 39
Figure 39: Exposure to second-hand smoke inside homes by demographic
characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 40
Figure 40: Exposure to second-hand smoke in vehicles at least once per week
by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 41
Figure 41: Ever used in lifetime and past year use of chewing tobacco among residents
aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009 42
Figure 42: Proportion of current gamblers by demographic characteristics among
residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 44
Figure 43: Multiple types of gambling in past year among current gamblers aged 15+
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study is to present detailed findings from the 2009 NWT Addictions Survey
and compare them with previous surveys as part of an ongoing effort to monitor trends and
patterns of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug use and gambling activities in the Northwest Territories.
The report will help to understand the current state of substance use in the NWT and inform
decision-making related to prevention and treatment programming.
Key objectives of the study include:
Determine the prevalence and patterns of alcohol and drug use in the NWT;
Measure the extent of harms associated with the use of alcohol and drugs; and
Provide baseline data for future evaluations and program reviews.
METHODS
Survey design and methodology1
The 2009 NWT Addictions Survey was conducted across the NWT between mid-September and
October 2009. The NWT Bureau of Statistics was contracted by the Department of Health and
Social Services with funding from Health Canada, to conduct the survey.
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Sample design
All NWT communities were divided into the following eight strata: Yellowknife, Hay River, FortSmith, Inuvik, Norman Wells, small north, small south A and small south B. Households in
Yellowknife, Hay River, Fort Smith and Inuvik were selected at random using random digit
dialing. Households in the other strata were randomly selected using a dwelling list maintained
by the NWT Bureau of Statistics. One respondent 15 years or older was randomly selected from
each household. Interviews were conducted by telephone in households selected using random
digit dialing, and face-to-face interviews were conducted in the other selected households.
Weighting
The objective is to select a small number of individuals whose behaviour will represent all
individuals in the population. Based on that small sample, inferences or predictions can be made
about the total population. To help achieve this goal, respondents are given a sample weight,
which depends on their sex, age and ethnicity. Sample weights help compensate for unequal
probabilities of selection, non-coverage of the population and non-response bias. The sum of
the weights over the sample provides an estimate of the population size. Population estimatesused for weighting are based on published estimates of the NWT population produced by
Statistics Canada and community population estimates produced by the Bureau of Statistics.
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Limitations
The limitations of the 2009 NWT Addictions Survey are those common to large surveys involving
self-reported measures. These limitations include potential underreporting and sampling errors.
The NWT Addictions Survey deals with sensitive subject matter: people are asked to report on
behaviour that may not be socially acceptable and may even be illegal. As a result, it is expected
that some underreporting of such behaviour may occur. However, surveys remain the most
efficient way to obtain information representative of the population of the NWT. Research also
indicates that while an underreporting (or, conversely, over reporting) bias may influence
estimates for a single point in time, it likely remains quite stable over time, therefore having less
of an impact on impact on estimating change over time.
Sampling errors refer to the variations caused by surveying a portion of the population rather
than the entire population. For example, conducting telephone interviews (as was done in Fort
Smith, Hay River, Inuvik and Yellowknife) assumes that everyone in those populations has a
conventional residence with telephones. However, a small proportion of households do not
have telephones and therefore would not have been included. With both telephone and face-to-face interviews (conducted in smaller NWT communities), people residing in institutions such as
hospitals, correctional facilities or long-term care facilities were not included. Homeless people
were also not part of the survey due to the sampling frame based on dwellings (e g houses
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ALCOHOL USE
This section reports on five measures of alcohol use including current drinkers, drinking
frequency, usual consumption, frequency of heavy drinking, heavy drinking, and
harmful/hazardous drinking. Also included is information on harm from ones own drinking,
harm from someone elses drinking, the prevalence of drinking and driving, as well as drinking
during pregnancy.
Current drinkers
Residents were asked a series of questions about their alcohol use. For the purpose of thesurvey the word drinkmeans: one bottle or can of beer; one glass of wine or a cooler; one
straight or mixed drink with one and a half ounces of hard liquor.
Residents were asked two questions: During the past 12 months, have you ever had a drink of
beer, wine, liquor or any other alcoholic beverage; and at what age did you have your first
drink?
The proportion of the population surveyed who were 15 years and over that currently drink has
not changed significantly since 1996. 2 However there was a decrease from 87% in 1996 to 75%
in 2009 in drinking among 15 to 24 year olds.
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Figure 1: Proportion of current drinkers by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT
2009
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-39*
40-59
60+*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma
Some Post-Secondary
University Degree
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Youth 15 to 24 years of age were less likely than all other age groups to drink more than once
per week (22% vs. 31%, 32% and 41%) and males were more likely to drink alcohol more than
once per week than females (37% vs. 23%).
Figure 2: Overall trends in the frequency of drinking among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
More than once
a week*
Once a week 1 to 3
times/month
Less than once a
month*
1996
2009
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Figure 3: Frequency of drinking more than once a week by demographic characteristics among current
drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-3940-59*
60+*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-Secondary
University Degree
Yellowknife
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Males were more likely than females (50% vs. 35%) to drink 5 or more drinks on a single
occasion.
Among education levels, drinking 5 or more drinks on a single occasion was highest among
those with less than a high school diploma.
In addition, those living in other communities and regional centers were more likely than those
living in Yellowknife to consume 5 or more drinks on a single occasion (55% and 48% vs. 35%).
Figure 4: Overall trends in the usual number of drinks consumed on a single occasion among current
drinkers aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009
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Figure 5: Usual amount of alcohol consumed in a single sitting (5+ drinks) by demographic
characteristics among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-39*40-59*
60+*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-Secondary*
University Degree
Yellowknife
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concentration (BAC) level to 0.08% or more. This pattern of drinking usually corresponds to five
or more drinks on a single occasion for males and four or more drinks on a single occasion for
females, generally within about 2 hours.
Respondents were asked how many times in the past year they consumed 5 or more drinks on a
single occasion.3 The proportion of current drinkers who consumed 5 or more drinks at least
once per month increased from 41% to 47% between 20024 and 2009.
In 2009, residents 15 to 24 years of age were more likely to have 5 or more drinks at a single
occasion at least once per month.
Both male (from 50% to 56%) and female (from 30% to 37%) heavy drinking increased since
2002, with males continuing to engage more often in heavy drinking at least once a month than
females.
As in past surveys, university graduates were less likely to drink heavily than other education
groups and residents living in Yellowknife were less likely to drink heavily than those residing in
other communities.
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Figure 6: Proportion of heavy drinking at least once per month by demographic characteristics among
current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-39*40-59*
60+*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-Secondary*
University Degree
Yellowknife
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In 2009, 7% of the population aged 15 and over abstained from alcohol, 15% were former
drinkers, 26% were light infrequent drinkers, 18% were light frequent drinkers, 15% were heavy
infrequent drinkers and 19% were heavy frequent drinkers.
Figure 7: Type of drinker among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009
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Figure 8: Proportion of heavy frequent drinkers by demographic characteristics among residents aged
15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-3940-59*
60+E*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-Secondary*
University Degree
Yellowknife
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Figure 9: Harm from own current drinking among current drinkers aged 15+ by type, NWT 2004 2009
Type (%) 2004 2006 2009
One or more types 22 21 23
Friendships/social life 13 10 14
Physical health 10 10 10
Home life/marriage 10 8 8
Work/studies 7 6 6Financial position 8 5 5
Legal problems 2E
2E
2E
Housing problems F 2E
2E
Learning problems 2E
2E
2E
EModerate sampling variability - interpret with caution.
FHigh sampling variability - data was suppressed.
No significance test due to 2004 to 2009 data
only.
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Figure 10: Prevalence of one or more types of harm from own drinking by demographic characteristics
among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Total
Male
Female
15-24
25-39*40-59*
60+E
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-SecondaryEUniversity DegreeE
Yellowknife
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Figure 11: Harm from other's drinking among NWT residents aged 15+ by type, NWT 1996 2009
Type (%) 1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
One or more types 55 53 56 53 51
Insulted/humiliated* 40 .. 35 33 33
Family/marriage
problems* 16 19 21 17 19
Pushed/shoved 25 26 27 25 21
Serious arguments 30 34 32 29 26
Verbal abuse .. 38 27 29 24
Physically assaulted 12 15 14 10 10
..Data not available.
*Significant difference at the .05 level between 1996 and 2009.
The prevalence of victimization tends to decrease with age, where 15 to 24 year olds were morelikely than all other age groups to be victimized by someone who had been drinking (65% vs.
55%, 44% and 35%).
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Figure 12: Prevalence of one or more types of harm from other people's drinking in the past 12 months
by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Total
Male
Female
15-24
25-39*40-59*
60+*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-Secondary*University Degree
Yellowknife
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The proportion of residents who drove within an hour of consuming 2 or more drinks declined
from 21% in 1996 to 13% in 2009. Significant declines were noted for males, 25 to 39 year olds,
40 to 59 year olds, and those with more than a high school diploma.
Despite the downward trend in male prevalence since 1996,males in 2009 were still twice as
likely as females to drive within an hour of consuming 2+ beverages (16% vs. 8%).
In addition, those with less than a high school diploma were more likely than those with a
university degree to drink and drive (20% vs. 11%). Prevalence of drinking and driving did not
vary with age or place of residence.
Figure 13: Prevalence of driving within one hour of drinking 2 or more drinks by demographic
characteristics among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Total
Male*
FemaleE
15-24E
25 39
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Drinking during pregnancy
Women who drink during pregnancy are at risk of having a child with FASD. Fetal Alcohol
Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a broad term describing a range of effects that can occur in an
individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. These effects may include permanent
physical, mental, behavioural and learning disabilities. Drinking patterns among women of
childbearing age is one of the main risk factors associated with FASD. Thus, information on
drinking during pregnancy provides an indication of the proportion of pregnant women who are
at a high risk of having a child with FASD.
Females aged 20 to 44 years were asked whether they drank alcohol during their last pregnancy(i.e. pregnant within 5 years of the survey) and if yes, how often and how much.
In 2009, 9% of females aged 20 to 44 reported drinking during their last pregnancy. Among
those who reported drinking during their last pregnancy, the vast majority did so less than once
a month and consumed one or two drinks.
Figure 14: Prevalence of drinking during pregnancy among women aged 20 to 44 years, NWT 2002
2009
(%) 2002 2006 2009
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Figure 15: Frequency and volume of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among women who drank
while they were pregnant, NWT 2002 2009
(%) 2002 2006 2009 Pooled1
Once a week or more 16E
34E
F 19
E
1 to 3 times a month 21E
F
F 19E
Less than once a month 62 53E
71E 62
1 or 2 Drinks 67 83 64E 69
3 or 4 Drinks 17
E
F
014
E
5+ Drinks 17E
F
F 17
E
EModerate sampling variability - interpret with caution.
FHigh sampling variability - data was suppressed.
1Pooled proportion combines numbers from 2002 and 2009 to provide a more stable
estimate.
No significance test due to high sampling variability.
Harmful/Hazardous Drinking: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)
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Harmful/hazardous drinking also tends to decrease with increasing community size. As such,
residents from Yellowknife were less likely to score 8 and over than people from the regional
centers and other communities (31% vs. 45% and 58%).
Figure 16: Demographic characteristics in AUDIT score 8+ among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-39*
40-59*
60+*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
S P t S d *
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ILLICIT DRUG USE
In this section, trends of cannabis and other illicit drug use in the NWT are examined. The
lifetime and past-year prevalence use and various other concerns related to its use are
described. Lifetime prevalence is based on a question asking respondents during your life,
have you used or tried . . . , and past-year prevalence is based on a follow-up question about
whether they also used the drug during the past 12 months.
Cannabis (ever tried)
Respondents were asked whether they had tried cannabis (marijuana or hashish) at least once
in their lifetime.
In 2009, (59%) of the NWT population reported using cannabis at least once in their lifetime, an
increase from 53% in 1996. Significant increases occurred among females, 40 to 59 year olds,
those with less than high school as their highest level of education. For all other demographic
groups, the proportion of lifetime users remained the same.
Figure 17: Proportion of cannabis ever tried by demographic characteristics among residents aged15+, NWT 1996 & 2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
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Cannabis (past year use)
Respondents were asked if they used cannabis within 12 months prior to the survey.
Although there has been a significant increase in past year cannabis use between 1996 and
2009, the prevalence has remained stable at 20% of the NWT population sampled since 2002.
Females, those 15 to 59 and those with less than a high school diploma showed an increase in
cannabis use in the past 12 months between 1996 and 2009.
In 2009, males, 15 to 24 year olds, those with less than high school and residents living incommunities other than Yellowknife were more likely to have used cannabis in the past year
than the corresponding reference categories.
Figure 18: Proportion of cannabis use in the past 12 months by demographic characteristics among
residents aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
Total
Male*
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Past year use was higher among those with a high school diploma or less than those with higher
levels of education (32% and 24% vs. 11% and 9%). In addition, use of marijuana or hashish in
the past year was higher in the regional centers and other communities than in Yellowknife (20%
and 32% vs. 13%).
In the 2004, 2006 and 2009 surveys, past year users were asked how often they used cannabis
within 3 months prior to the survey. In 2009, 94% reported using cannabis within 3 months prior
to the survey. Additionally, 53% reported using cannabis at least once a week, while 40% used
cannabis monthly or less.
In 2009, current users of marijuana or hashish were asked if they drove a motor vehicle within 2hours after using marijuana or hashish within the year prior to the survey. Approximately 6% of
current users indicated they had driven within 2 hours of using cannabis.
Other illicit drugs (ever tried and past year use)
NWT residents were asked whether they tried any of the following types of drugs at least once
in their lifetime: cocaine/crack, hallucinogens (magic mushrooms, PCP or LSD/acid), speed,
ecstasy and heroin. They were also asked whether they used any of these drugs in the past 12
months.
/
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those with some post-secondary and university degrees. Ever tried use of other illicit drugs
did not vary with age or ethnicity, but significant differences were present for gender, education
levels and type of community.
Figure 20: Proportion of cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, speed, ecstasy and heroin ever used in lifetime
by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Total
Male*Female
15-24
25-39
40-59
60+F
Aboriginal
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School
i h S h l i l *
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Figure 21: Prevalence of other illicit drugs ever used in a lifetime among residents aged 15+, NWT
1996 2009
Type (%) 1996 2004 2006 2009 Trend
Cocaine/Crack 10 12 11 11n.s
Hallucinogens 14 12 12 20*
Speed 6 3E
3 3-
Ecstasy .. 3E
4 6-
Heroin 1E
1E
F 1-
EModerate sampling variability - interpret with
caution.F
High sampling variability - data was suppressed...
Data not available.
Significant difference at the .05 level;n.s
not significant; - No significance test.
Figure 22: Cocaine/crack ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics among residents aged
15+, NWT 2009
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Reference category- basis of comparison for the other categories.
Significant difference at the .05 level.
Use in the past 12 months of any of the five illicit drugs increased between 2002 and 2009 from
2% to 4%. Among the population groups, significant changes occurred with males (2% to 6%)
and 15 to 39 year olds (2% to 7%). Overall, 1% of NWT residents surveyed indicated they had
used cocaine or crack in the past 12 months, while 2% indicated past year use of hallucinogens
or ecstasy.
Figure 23: Hallucinogens ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics among residents aged15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Total
Male*
Female
15-39
40+
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Harm from use of illicit drugs in the past year
In the 2004, 2006 and 2009 NWT Addiction Surveys, respondents who used drugs in the past
year were asked if their illicit drug use had harmful effects on their friendships, physical health,
home life/marriage, work/studies or created financial, legal, housing and learning difficulties.
Overall in 2009, approximately 27% of past year drug users experienced at least one type of
harm. The most common types reported were harm to physical health (12%), followed by work
or study (11%) and harm to friendships or social life (9%).
Figure 24: Harm from own illicit drug use among current users aged 15+ by type, NWT 2004 2009
Any Other Can- Any Other Can- Any Other
Type (%) Drug1
Illicit2
nabis Drug1
Illicit2
nabis Drug1
Illicit2
n
One or more types of harm 39 21 18 26 53E
21 27 43E
Friendships/social life 17E
10 10 12E 36 E 7E 9E F
Physical health 21E
10 9 12E
28E
9E
12E F
Home li fe/marria ge 11E
8 8 14E 32 E 10 E 8E F
Work/studies 12E
6 6 8E F 6E 11 E 26 E
E E E E E F
2004 2006 2009
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Figure 25: Harm from own drug or alcohol use among current users aged 15+ by type, NWT 2009
Any OtherType (%) Drug
1 Illicit2 Cannabis Drinking
One or more types of harm 27 43E
23 23
Friendships/social life 9E F 8E 14
Physical health 12E F 12E 10
Home life/marriage 8E F 8E 8
Work/studies 11E 26E 7E 6
Financial position 8E F 7E 5
1 Includes Cannabis, Cocaine, Hallucinogens, Speed, Ecstasy & Heroin2 Includes Cocaine, Hallucinogens, Speed, Ecstasy & HeroinE Moderate sampling variability - interpret with caution.F High sampling variability - data was suppressed.
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TOBACCO
This section provides a general descriptive summary of tobacco trends in the NWT between
1996 and 2009.
Smoking status
Between 1996 and 2009 there was a decline in respondents reporting smoking daily (39% to
25%) and an increase in the proportion of respondents who never smoked (30% to 41%).
Figure 26: Smoking status in the past 12 months among residents aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009
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2009 NWT Addictions Report
Figure 27: Demographic characteristics among residents who smoke aged 15+, NWT 1996 & 2009
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Total*
Male*
Female*
15-24
25-39*40-59*
60+E
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal*
Less than High SchoolHigh School Diploma
Some Post-Secondary
1996 2009
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2009 NWT Addictions Report
In 2009, daily smoking status did not vary significantly by age. Youth 15 to 24 years old were
more likely than all other age groups to be current smokers than any other age group. Those less
than 40 were more likely to never have smoked than those older than 40.
Figure 29: Smoking status in past 12 months by age, NWT 2009
(%) Current Daily Occ. Former Never
15-24 46 26 20 6E
48
25-39 36*
25 11* 18 * 46
40-59 32 * 26 6E* 31 * 36 *
60+ 29*
21 8E* 46 * 25 *
E Moderate sa mpling variability - interpret with caution. Reference category- bas is of comparison for the other cate gories.* Significant difference at the .0 5 level.
Occ. = Occasiona l
Aboriginal people were 4.5 times as likely to be occasional smokers (18% vs. 4%) while non-aboriginal people were over twice as likely to have never smoked (56% vs. 24%).
Fi 30 S ki t t i t 12 th b th i it NWT 2009
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Figure 31: Smoking status in past 12 months by highest level of education, NWT 2009
(%) Current Dai ly Occ. Former Never
Less than High School 53* 34 * 18 * 19 * 29 *
High School Diploma 43* 31 * 12 E* 18 40
*
Some Post-Secondary 30* 24 * 6E 29 41
*
University Degree 10 E 7E F 30 60
E Moderate sampli ng variability - interpret with caution.F High sampling variability - data was s uppressed.Reference cate gory- basis of comparison for the other categories.* Significant difference at the .05 level.
Occ. = Occas ional
The likelihood of being a daily smoker increases with decreasing community size, such that
those from other communities and regional centers were more likely than residents from
Yellowknife to be daily smokers (35% and 28% vs. 18%). In contrast, those living in Yellowknife
are more likely to have never smoked than those in regional centers, or other communities (52%vs. 35% and 27%).
Figure 32: Smoking status in past 12 months by community type NWT 2009
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2009 NWT Addictions Report
Figure 33: Proportion of daily smokers among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Total
Male
Female
15-24
25-39
40-59
60+
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-Secondary*
University DegreeE
Yellowknife
Regional Centers*
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2009 NWT Addictions Report
Figure 34: Overall trend in the average number of cigarettes per day among daily smokers aged 15+,
NWT 1996 - 2009
Significant declines over this 13 year period occurred among bothmales and females, 25 to 39
year olds, 40 to 59 year olds and those with high school diplomas.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
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Figure 35: Average number of cigarettes per day by demographic characteristics among daily smokers
aged 15+, NWT 2009
12
14
10
10
10
13
18
10
15
12
10
1314
15
0 5 10 15 20
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-39
40-59
60+*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School
High School Diploma
Some Post-SecondaryUniversity Degree
Yellowknife
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Figure 36: Overall trend in quit rates among 'ever smokers' aged 15+, NWT 1996 - 2009
Figure 37: Quit rates by demographic characteristics among "ever smokers" aged 15+, NWT 1996 &2009
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
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2009 NWT Addictions Report
Quit reasons and methods
Over half of former smokers cited health as the main reason to quit smoking (52%), followed by
other reasons (25%) and pregnancy or baby in household (12%). Only 7% of former smokers saidthe cost of cigarettes was the main reason to quit smoking.
When asked which methods were used to help quit smoking, former smokers indicated cold
turkey (80%) and nicotine patches (18%). Current smokers, however, were more likely to have
tried a variety of methods6 including cold turkey (74%), nicotine patch (21%), nicotine gum
(20%) and Zyban (15%).
Former smokers indicated an average of 2.9 attempts to quit before they quit smoking for good.
The majority of current smokers indicated that they were seriously considering quitting within
the next 6 months (61%). That proportion declined to 41% however in response to the question
of whether they were seriously considering quitting in the next 30 days.
Smoking and health practitioners
Current smokers were asked if they had seen a medical practitioner in the past 12 months. For
those seeing a doctor or a nurse/nurse practitioner, current smokers were asked if they were
advised to reduce or quit smoking
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2009 NWT Addictions Report
Figure 38: Smoking during pregnancy among women aged 20 to 44 years, NWT 1996 -2009
(%) 2004 2006 2009
20 to 44 year ol ds 21E 10 E 22 E
Spouse or Pa rtner 16E 12 E 10 E
Aboriginal 24E 13 E 37
Non-Aboriginal F F F
E Moderate sampli ng variability - interpret with caution.F High sampling variability - data was s uppressed.
No significance te st due to 2004 to 2009 data only.
Exposure to second-hand smoke
Respondents were asked two questions related to second-hand smoke: whether family
members or visitors smoked cigarettes inside their homes every day or almost every day and
whether they were exposed to second-hand smoke in a car or other motor vehicle within the
past month.
In 2009, approximately 1 in 5 residents surveyed indicated that at least one family member or
i it k d i id th i h d l t d
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Figure 39: Exposure to second-hand smoke inside homes by demographic characteristics among
residents aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Total
Male
Female
15-24
25-39*
40-59
60+
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-Secondary*University DegreeE
Yellowknife
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2009 NWT Addictions Report
smoking in the presence of young children (43%) and allowing smoking only if window were
open or other type of ventilation (23%).
In 2009, around 40% of the NWT population reported being exposed to second-hand smoke incars with 24% reporting being exposed at least once a week.
Figure 40: Exposure to second-hand smoke in vehicles at least once per week by demographic
characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-39*
40-59*
60+E*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
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2009 NWT Addictions Report
Chewing tobacco: at least once in a lifetime and past year use
In 2009, 18% of the NWT population aged 15+ used chewing tobacco at least once in their
lifetime.Similarly, the prevalence of use in the past 30 days has remained stable at around 2%.
Figure 41: Ever used in lifetime and past year use of chewing tobacco among residents aged 15+, NWT
1996 2009
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
Lif ti U P t 30 D U
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p
GAMBLING
Gambling is a broad concept generally defined as the betting of money or anything of value on
diverse activities, undertaken in a wide variety of settings. For most individuals, gambling can bea positive experience. However, for a minority, gambling is associated with problems of varying
degree and duration. As a potentially addictive behaviour, it is important to monitor gambling
patterns in the NWT. In this section, general trends of gambling in the NWT are examined
between 1996 and 2009. The 2004 NWT Addictions Survey did not include any gambling related
questions.
Current gambling
Residents were asked if they gambled for money or other things of value in at least one
activity during the past year.
The proportion of NWT residents reporting that they gambled declined from 78% in 1996 to 71%
in 2009.
In 2009, those aged 25 to 39 and 40 to 59 were more likely than 15 to 24 year olds to gamble
(77% and 74% vs. 64%), whereas there was no significant difference between 60+ and 15 to 24
year olds. There was also no significant difference between males and females (70% vs. 72%).
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p
Figure 42: Proportion of current gamblers by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+,
NWT 2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Total
Male
Female
15-24
25-39*
40-59*60+
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School
High School Diploma
Some Post-Secondary*University Degree
Yellowknife
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Figure 43: Multiple types of gambling in past year among current gamblers aged 15+, NWT 1996 - 2009
Among the population groups in 2009, Aboriginal people surveyed were more likely to engage in
2 or more types of gambling than non-aboriginal (72% vs. 55%). Similarly, significant differences
also existed between those with high school diplomas and university degrees (70% vs. 55%) and
residents of regional centers and Yellowknife (72% vs 59%)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1996 2002 2009
One Type 2+ Types
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The above trends indicate that certain forms of gambling have gained in popularity, while the
popularity of others has diminished over time. In 1996, for instance, the lottery (66%), card
games (53%), bingo (32%), sports events (30%) and pool (18%) were the most common types
reported. By 2009, the most popular activities were the lottery (62%), scratch/Nevada tickets
(47%), bingo (31%), card games (26%) and slot machines (20%).
Average money spent in a typical week on gambling
Current gamblers were asked how much money, on average, they spent in a typical week on all
gambling activities during the past year.
The average money spent in a typical week of gambling did not significantly change between
1996 and 2009. In 2009, current gamblers were spending a weekly average of $40 on all
gambling activities.
The amount of money spent in a typical week did not vary by gender with both males and
females spending an average of $40 per week on gambling.
Weekly spending tended to be higher for residents over 60 years than all other age groups ($61
vs. $39, $33 and $41).
Weekly spending on gambling by residents from other communities was higher than that of
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Figure 45: Average amount of money spent in a "typical" week of gambling by demographic
characteristics among current gamblers aged 15+, NWT 2009
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Figure 46: Proportion of regular gamblers by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+,
NWT 2009
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Total
Male*
Female
15-24
25-39
40-5960+*
Aboriginal*
Non-Aboriginal
Less than High School*
High School Diploma*
Some Post-Secondary*
University DegreeE
Yellowknife
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Figure 47: Prevalence of gambling once a week among current gamblers aged 15+ by type, NWT 1996 -
2009
(%) 1996 2002 2006 2009
Bingo 8 9 8 9
Lottery Tickets* 16 12 10 11
Scratch/Nevada tickets* 2E
6 6 5
Card games* 9 5 6 4
Sports events* 6 3E 1E 2E
E Moderate sampl ing variability - interpret with caution.* Significant difference at the .05 level be tween 1996 a nd 2009.
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SUMMARY
The findings from the 2009 NWT Addictions Report provide reliable data for policy and decision-
making.
A common pattern emerges through the data: younger residents, males, those with lower levels
of education and those living in communities outside Yellowknife and the regional centers were
more likely to engage in heavy drinking, use cannabis and smoke cigarettes.
Below is a summary of the main findings of the report.
Alcohol
The prevalence of current drinking remained constant at around 78% between 1996 and 2009.
In the past 13 years, there has been a shift towards increased frequency of drinking in women,
25 to 39 year olds, and those with less than high school.
Between 2002 and 2009, there was an increased prevalence of frequent heavy drinking (i.e. 5 or
more drinks on a single occasion at least once a month) from 41% to 47% among current
drinkers. Males, females, 25 to 39 year olds, and those with high school diplomas and some
post-secondary education all had significant increases in frequent heavy drinking.
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Tobacco use
In the NWT the proportion of current smokers dropped significantly from 44% in 1996 to 36% in
2009. Most of the decline can be attributed to the drop in daily smokers (39% to 25%) and theincrease in the proportion of residents who never smoked (30% to 41%).
Although the declines in daily smoking among 15 to 24 year olds was the most pronounced (45%
to 26%), it was offset by an increase in the proportion of occasional smokers (9% to 20%).
Between 1996 and 2009, there were significant increases in the proportion of never smokers
among 15 to 24 year olds (27% to 48%) and 25 to 39 year olds (32% to 46%).
Among the education groups, only those with a university degree had significant declines incurrent smokers between 1996 and 2009 (17% to 10%). The prevalence of current smokers was
higher among those with less than a high school, a high school diploma and some post-
secondary compared to those with a university degree (53%, 43% and 30% vs. 10%).
The likelihood of being a daily smoker increases with decreasing community size, such that
those from other communities and regional centers were more likely than residents from
Yellowknife to be daily smokers. In contrast, those living in Yellowknife are more likely to havenever smoked than those in regional centers, or other communities.
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events (2%). Seniors had the highest prevalence among the age groups of gambling at least once
per week (34%). Inaddition, males were more likely than females, and residents of the regional
centers and other communities were more likely than those who live in Yellowknife to be
regular gamblers. University graduates were less likely than all other education groups to beregular gamblers.
In 2009, the average money spent in a typical week gambling was $40. Seniors, residents of
communities outside Yellowknife and the regional centers spent significantly more per week in
their gambling activities. Weekly spending also tends to decrease with increasing level of
education, highest for those with less than a high school diploma ($71) and lowest for those
with a university degree ($13).
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Methodology
The target population of the 2009 NWT Addictions survey included all residents 15 years of age a
older who resided in the Northwest Territories during 2009, with the exception of full-time residentsinstitutions (for example: hospitals, long-term care facilities, correctional facilities).
Survey questionnaire
The 2009 NWT Addictions survey instrument was developed by the GNWT Department of Health
Social Services and the Bureau of Statistics. The NWT Bureau of Statistics conducted the surv
operations and data processing on behalf of the Department of Health and Social Services. NTUMS ite
(i.e. the tobacco portion of the questionnaire) are based on the core content of the Canadian Tobac
Use and Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) questionnaire, as identified by Health Canada. Alcohol and ill
drug items in the questionnaire are derived from the core content of the Canadian Addictions Survey,
identified by Health Canada.
All of the content of the alcohol and illicit drug related questions are the same, with the exception
heavy/binge drinking. In the Canadian Addictions survey, men were asked how often they consum
five or more drinks on one occasion, while women were asked how often they consumed four or modrinks on one occasion. In contrast, the NWT survey asked both men and women how often th
consumed five or more drinks on one occasion. As a result, NWT estimates for the prevalence of hea
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Figure 1: Final results for the initial sample by approach and strata, 2009 NWT Addictions Survey
Occupied Unable to Response
Community Dwellings Completes Refusals Contact1 Rate (%)
Total 1,545 1,160 195 190 75
Telephone Interviews 940 637 165 138 68
Fort Smith 70 48 13 9 69
Hay River 123 89 18 16 72
Inuvik 139 87 36 16 63
Yellowknife 608 413 98 97 68
Face-to-Face Interviews 605 523 30 52 86
Norman Wells 34 28 2 4 82
Small North 204 181 13 10 89
Small South A 230 205 8 17 89
Small South B 137 109 7 21 80
1Included in this category are respondents that couldnt be reached a nd respondents unavaila ble for the
duration of the survey.
Source: NWT Bureau of Statist ics
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Sampling error
Standard errors were estimated with a formula assuming simple random sampling. This assumption
not technically correct because the survey uses stratification, multiple stages of selection and psurvey weighting. In turn, not adjusting for these factors (i.e. complex survey design) can lead to bias
point and variance estimates. Generally, stratification of homogenous groups can reduce standa
errors, while cluster sampling tends to increase the standard errors relative to simple random sampli
A byproduct of weighting is that when the variances of the weights are large, it can lead to larg
standard errors than estimates based on un-weighted cases. These issues were addressed in the 20
NTUMS and NWT Addictions Surveys, where it was found that almost all territorial level estimates ha
design effect less than one. Since the standard errors of the proportions vary little from survey survey, design effects were not produced for the 2009 survey. Based on the stability of the standa
errors, it is assumed that a binomial formula will provide a reliable estimate of the standard errors f
each of the indicators.
Reliability of estimates
Standard errors are used to estimate the coefficient of variation (CV). The CV is the most widely us
measure of reliability and provides an indication of how well the estimate obtained from the sam
represents the true population value. According to Statistics Canadas data quality guidelines,
estimate with a CV less than 16 5% is a reliable estimate of the population value Prevalence estima
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measurement. Modifications may improve the validity or reliability of a measure, but there is also t
chance that any changes may affect the comparability of questions from previous surveys. In this repo
footnotes are included to describe instances on the possible effects of sample selection and whe
questions have been modified.
Significance tests
In this report, two types of significance tests were used. The first test examined for significa
differences in the prevalence of a measure between surveys or for trends over time. In most cases
simple test comparing the binomial proportions by age, gender and ethnicity were used to indica
whether there was a significant upward or downward trend in the prevalence of a measure betwe
1996 and 2009.
All data used in this report are taken from the following surveys: 1996 NWT Alcohol and Drug Surv
2002 NWT Alcohol and Drug Survey, 2004 NTUMS Survey, 2004 NWT Addictions Survey, 2006 NW
Addictions Survey, 2009 NWT Addictions Survey. In 2004, NTUMS was given as a separate survey fro
the 2004 NWT Addictions survey, whereas it was combined with the 2006 and 2009 NWT Addictio
survey.
The second test examined for group differences in substance use and gambling behaviour by age, s
ethnicity and education. Population group differences were only compared using data from the 20
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Demographic indicators
The substance use and gambling variables are presented by demographic indicators when possi
throughout the report. These include:
Demographics Categories of the Indicators
Sex Male; Female
Ethnicity Aboriginal; Non-Aboriginal
Age The age groups reflect categories used to weight the survey results to NWT
population estimates: 15 24; 25 39; 40 59; 60+. In some cases, 15 39 and
40+ is used. The latter is used when measures are based on small numbers or whe
15 to 39 year olds (high risk group) have similar prevalence.
Highest Level of
Education
Less than High School - grade 11 or less; High School Diploma high school
diploma; Some Post-Secondary trades certificate or diploma, or college
certificate or diploma; University Degree.
Community Type Yellowknife; Regional Centers which include Fort Smith, Hay River & Inuvik; Other
Communities
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Table 1. Proportion of current drinkers aged 15+ by select demographics,
NWT 1996 - 2009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009 Trend1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % % Trend
Total 79 78 78 78 77 n.s
Male 80 81 81 84 80 n.s
Female 77 76 75 71 74 n.s
15-24 87 85 83 80 75 *
25-39 84 84 84 87 87 n.s
40-59 71 74 75 76 77 n.s
60+ 56 53 57 49 58 n.s
Aboriginal 70 71 70 69 74 n.s
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Table 2: Proportion of current drinkers aged 15+
by select demographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 77
Male 80*
Female 74
15-24 75
25-39 87*
40-59 77
60+ 58*
Aboriginal 74*
b l 8
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Table 4: Frequency of drinking among current drinkers aged 15+ by
select demographics, NWT 2009
More than 1 to 3 Less than
once per Once per times per once per
week (%) week (%) month (%) month (%)
Total 30 17 28 25
Male 37 17 25 22
Female 23 17 31 29
15-24 22 23 31 24
25-39 31* 16 27 26
40-59 32 17 27 24
60+ 41* F 24E 26E
25* 16 29 30*
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Table 6: Usual number of drinks on a single occasion amongcurrent drinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT2009
1 or 2 3 or 4 5+
drinks drinks drinks
% % %
Total 38 18 43
Male 32* 17 50*
Female 46 19 35
15-24 23 13E 64
25-39 38* 17 44*
40-59 45* 22* 32*
60+ 46* 18E 36*
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Table 7: Heavy drinking at least once per month among currentdrinkers aged 15+ by
select demographics, NWT 2002 2009
2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % Trend
Total 41 46 45 47 *
Male 50 59 50 56 *
Female 30 32 39 37 *
15-24 56 64 60 62 n.s
25-39 41 49 47 52 *
40-59 31 35 38 37n.s
60+ 28E 26E 27E 37 n.s
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Table 8: Heavy drinking at least once per monthamong current drinkers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 47
Male 56*Female 37
15-24 62
25-39 52*
40-59 37*
60+ 37*
Aboriginal 56*
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Table 9: Heavy drinking at least once per week among currentdrinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2002 2009
2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % Trend
Total 13 15 14 18 *
Male 17 21 18 22 n.sFemale 8 8 9 12 *
15-24 15E 14 19 27 *
25-39 13 17 14 15 n.s
40-59 10 13 13 14 n.s
60+ 12E
F
F
19E
n.s
Aboriginal 17 22 16 24 *
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Table 10: Heavy drinking at least once per weekamong current drinkers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 18
Male 22*Female 12
15-24 27
25-39 15*
40-59 14*
60+ 19E
Aboriginal 24*
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Table 12: Type of drinker among residents aged 15+ by select demographics,
NWT 2009
Light Light Heavy Hea
Abstainer Former Infrequent Frequent Infrequent Freque
% % % % %
Total 7 15 26 18 15
Male 5E*
15 21*
19 17 2Female 10 16 32 17 13
Aboriginal 6 21* 21* 7* 23* 2
Non- Aboriginal 8 11 31 28 8
15-24 16 9E 20 8E 22 2
25- 39 5E*
8E
28*
20*
18 240- 59 5E* 19* 28* 24* 11* 1
F * E F
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Table 13: Harm in the past 12 months from own drinking amongcurrent drinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2004 - 2009
2004 2006 2009
% % %
Total 22 21 23
Male 23 22 26Female 20 19 20
15-24 44 34 37
25-39 20 18 21
40-59 12E 15 17
60+
F
22
E
27
E
Aboriginal 44 32 40
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Table 14: Harm in the past 12 months from own drinkingamong current drinkers aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009
%
Total 23
Male 26Female 20
15-24 37
25-39 21*
40-59 17*
60+ 27E
Aboriginal 40*
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Table 15: Harm from other people's drinking in past 12 months amongresidents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 1996 - 2009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % % Trend
Total 55 53 56 53 51 n.s
Male 54 56 60 56 53n.s
Female 56 51 51 49 48 *
15-24 76 73 78 66 65 n.s
25-39 52 54 56 53 55 n.s
40-59 50 46 49 50 44 n.s
60+ 26E
28E
29 33 35n.s
Aboriginal 63 64 63 62 59 n.s
APPENDIX: A
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Table 16: Harm from other people's drinking in past 12months among residents aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009
%
Total 51
Male 53
Female 48
15-24 65
25-39 55*
40-59 44*
60+ 35*
Aboriginal 59*
APPENDIX: A
T bl 17 D i i i hi h f d i ki l 2 d i k
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Table 17: Driving within an hour of drinking at least 2+ drinks among currentdrinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 1996 2009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % % Trend
Total 21 19 17 14 13 *
Male 29 27 21 18 16*
Female 10E 7E 13 8E 8E n.s
15-24 23E 23E 25E 20E 14E n.s
25-39 23 20 18 13 16 *
40-59 16E 14 14 13 10 *
60+
F
F
F
F
F
-
Aboriginal 24 26 28 19 10 *
APPENDIX: A
T bl 18 D i i ithi h f d i ki t l t 2
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Table 18: Driving within an hour of drinking at least 2+drinks among current drinkers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 13
Male 16*
Female 8E
15-24 14E
25-39 16
40-59 10
60+
F
Aboriginal 10*
APPENDIX: A
T bl 19 H f l d h d d i ki (AUDIT) t
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Table 19: Harmful and hazardous drinking (AUDIT) among currentdrinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2004 and 2009
2004 2006 2009% % %
Total 41 37 42
Male 52 44 48
Female 29 28 34
15-24 63 48 62
25-39 46 36 42
40-59 26 34 31
60+ 19E 18E 34
Aboriginal 69 54 61
Non Aboriginal 22 25 25
APPENDIX: A
Table 20: Harmful and hazardous drinking (AUDIT)
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Table 20: Harmful and hazardous drinking (AUDIT)among current drinkers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 42
Male 48
*
Female 34
15-24 62
25-39 42*
40-59 31*
60+ 34*
Aboriginal 61*
APPENDIX: A
Table 21: Lifetime cannabis use among residents aged 15+ by select
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Table 21: Lifetime cannabis use among residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 1996-2009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009% % % % % Trend
Total 53 56 60 60 59 *
Male 58 61 68 65 64 n.s
Female 48 52 51 55 54*
15-24 56 67 71 64 67 n.s
25-39 66 65 66 66 66 n.s
40-59 42 53 59 62 62 *
60+ F F 14E 24 19E -
Aboriginal 53 58 64 66 66*
Non-Aboriginal 53 55 56 55 53 n.s
APPENDIX: A
Table 22: Lifetime cannabis use among
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Table 22: Lifetime cannabis use amongresidents aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009
%
Total 59
Male 64*
Female
54
15-24 67
25-39 66
40-59 62
60+ 19*E
Aboriginal 66*Non-Aboriginal 53
APPENDIX: A
Table 23: Cannabis use in the past 12 months among residents aged 15+ by
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Table 23: Cannabis use in the past 12 months among residents aged 15+ byselect demographics, NWT 1996-2009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % % Trend
Total 16 21 21 20 20 *
Male 20 25 26 26 25 n.s
Female 11 16 15 13 16 *
15-24 29 45 46 36 41 *
25-39 19 20 22 23 24 *
40-59 5E 11 9E 13 10 *
60+F
F
F
F
F
-
n s
APPENDIX: A
Table 24: Cannabis use in the past 12 months among
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Table 24: Cannabis use in the past 12 months amongresidents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT2009
%
Total 20
Male 25*
Female 16
15-24 41
25-39 24*
40-59 10*
60+ F
Aboriginal 28*
APPENDIX: A
Table 25: Lifetime use of other illicit drugs among residents aged
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Table 25: Lifetime use of other illicit drugs among residents aged15+ by select demographics, NWT 2002 2009
2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % Trend
Total 16 18 17 24 *
Male 19 24 23 30 *Female 12 11 11 17 *
15-24 14E 19 20 24 *
25-39 16 22 22 29 *
40-59 20 17 16 25 *
60+F
F
F
F
-
*
APPENDIX: A
Table 26: Lifetime use of other illicit drugs
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Table 26: Lifetime use of other illicit drugsamong residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 24
Male 30
*
Female 17
15-24 24
25-39 29
40-59 25
60+ F
Aboriginal 25
APPENDIX: A
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APPENDIX: A
Table 27a: Any type of other illicit drug use (footnote 1) in past 12 months
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y yp g ( ) p
among residents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2002 2009
2002
2004
2006
2009
Tred
% % % %
Total 2E 3E 4 4
Male 2E 5E 6E 6E
Female F F F 2E
Aboriginal F 4E 4E 6
Non- Aboriginal 2E F 3E 2E
15 to 39 2E 5 6 7
40+ F F F F
E Moderate sampling variability - interpret with caution.
APPENDIX: A
Table 28: Cocaine/Crack and hallucinogen lifetime use
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among residents aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009
Cocaine Hallu-
or Crack cinogens
% %
Lifetime 11 20
Male 13
*
24
*
Female 8 14
Aboriginal 12 9*
Non-Aboriginal 10 15
15 - 39 10 21
40+ 11 18
Less than High School 9 16
APPENDIX: A
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95/118
APPENDIX: A
Table 30: Smoking Status in past 12 months among residents aged 15+
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by select demographics, NWT 2009
Current DailyOcca-sional Former Never
% % % % %
Total 36 25 11 23 41
Male 38 27 11 24 38Female 34 24 10 22 43
15-24 46 26 20 6E 48
25-39 36* 25 11* 18* 46
40-59 32* 26 6E* 31* 36*
60+ 29*
21 8E*
46*
25*
* * * *
APPENDIX: A
Table 30 (a): Average age of starting to smoke amongd f d l k d b l
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current and former daily smokers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
2009
Total 17.9
Male 17.8
Female 18.1
15-24 15.9
25-39 18.0
40-59 18.3
60+ 19.3
Aboriginal 17.8
Non-Aboriginal 18.1
L th Hi h S h l 18 1
APPENDIX: A
Table 31: Average number of smokes per day among dailyk d 15 b l t d hi NWT 1996
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smokers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 19962009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009 Trend
Total 14 15 14 12 12 *
Male 16 16 16 14 14 *
Female 12 14 12 11 10 *
15-24 10 12 12 12 10 n.s.
25-39 14 15 14 11 10 *
40-59 17 17 16 14 13 *
60+ 13 14 11E 11 18 n.s.
Aboriginal 12 14 12 10 10 n.s.Non-Aboriginal 16 16 17 15 15 n.s.
APPENDIX: A
Table 32: Average number of smokes per dayd il k d 15+ b l t
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among daily smokers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
2009
Total 12
Male 14*
Female 10
15-24 10
25-39 10
40-59 13
60+ 18*
Aboriginal 10*
Non-Aboriginal 15
APPENDIX: A
Table 33: Quit rates among ever smokers aged 15+ by select demographics,
NWT 1996 2009
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NWT 1996 2009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % % Trend
Total 36 31 35 38 39 n.s
Male 36 31 34 37 39n.s
Female 36 30 36 38 40 n.s
15-24 27E 11E 18E 18E 11E *
25-39 33 26 31 34 33 n.s
40-59 42 44 42 44 49 n.s
60+ 56 50 56 58 61 n.s
Ab i i l 25 22 23 32 27 n s
APPENDIX: A
Table 34: Quit rates among ever smokers
d 15 b l t d hi NWT 2009
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aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 39
Male 39
Female
40
15-24 11E
25-39 33*
40-59 49*
60+ 61*
Aboriginal 27*
APPENDIX: A
Table 34a: Exposure to second-hand smoke in homes everyday or almost every day among residents aged 15+ by select
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day or almost every day among residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 20
Male 22
Female 18
15-24 26
25-39 11*
40-59 23
60+ 28
Aboriginal 28*
APPENDIX: A
Table 34b: Exposure to second-hand smoke in vehicles atleast once per week among residents aged 15+ by select
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least once per week among residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 24
Male 29*
Female 19
15-24 41
25-39 23*
40-59 19*
60+ 15*E
Aboriginal 34*
APPENDIX: A
Table 35: Prevalence of lifetime chewing tobacco use among residents aged15+ by select demographics NWT 1996 2009
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15+ by select demographics, NWT 1996 2009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % % Trend
Total 16 18 19 19 18 n.s
Male 23 27 27 28 27 n.s
Female 9 7 11 8 8 n.s
15-24 19E 19 25 17 12E n.s
25-39 18 19 19 19 24 *
40-59 11E 14 17 19 17 *
60+ 19E 21E 15E 18E 12E n.s
Aboriginal 27 26 26 22 22 n.s
APPENDIX: A
Table 36: Prevalence of lifetime chewing tobacco useamong residents aged 15+ by select demographics,
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among residents aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009
%
Total 18
Male 27*
Female 8
15-24 12E
25-39 24*
40-59 17
60+ 12E
Aboriginal 22*
APPENDIX: A
Table 37: Prevalence of chewing tobacco use in the past 30days among residents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT
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days among residents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT1996 2009.
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
% % % % %
Total 3E 4 3E 3E 2E
Male 3E 5E F 3E 2E
Female 3E 3E 4E 2E 3E
15-24 F F F F F
25-39 3E 5E 3E 3E 3E
40-59 F 3E F 3E F
60+ F 8E F F F
APPENDIX: A
Table 38: Prevalence of chewing tobacco use in the past 30 days
among residents aged 15+ by select demographics NWT 2009
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among residents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 2E
Male 2E
Female 3E
15-24 F
25-39 3E
40-59 F
60+ F
Aboriginal 5E
APPENDIX: A
Table 39: Proportion of current gamblers among residents aged 15+by select demographics, NWT 1996 2009
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y g p ,
1996 2002 2006 2009% % % % Trend
Total 78 73 72 71 *
Male 81 73 73 70 *
Female 76 73 71 72 n.s
15-24 75 73 67 64 *
25-39 82 75 73 77 n.s
40-59 73 73 73 74 n.s
60+ 84 69 76 59 *
Aboriginal 84 80 76 76 *
APPENDIX: A
Table 40: Proportion of current gamblers amongresidents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT
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g y g p ,2009
%
Total 71
Male 70
Female 72
15-24 64
25-39 77*
40-59 74*
60+ 59
Aboriginal 76*
APPENDIX: A
Table 41: Multiple types of gambling in past year among current gamblers aged 15+
by select demographics, NWT 1996 2009.
1996 2002 2006 2009 Trend
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1996 2002 2006 2009 Trend
1 Type 2+ 1 Type 2+ 1 Type 2+ 1 Type 2+
% % % % % % % % 1 Type 2+
Total 30 70 32 68 31 69 36 64 * *
Male 28 72 31 69 30 70 34 66 n.s n.s
Female 34 66 33 67 32 68 39 61 n.s n.s
15-24 19 81 27 73 34 66 37 63
*
*
25-39 29 71 30 70 23 77 35 65 n.s n.s
40-59 35 65 36 64 33 67 37 63 n.s n.s
60+ 48 52 41 59 41 59 37 63 n.s n.s
Aboriginal 21 79 24 76 27 73 28 72 * *
Non-Aboriginal 38 62 40 60 35 65 45 55 n.s n.s
Less than High School 21 79 30 70 31 69 36 64 * *
High School Diploma 29 71 32 68 28 72 30 70 n.s n.s
Some Post Secondary 33 67 32 68 32 68 35 65 n.s n.s
APPENDIX: A
Table 42: Multiple types of gambling in past yearamong current gamblers aged 15+ by select
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demographics, NWT 2009
%
1 Type 2+
Total 36 64
Male 34 66
Female 39 61
15-24 37 63
25-39 35 65
40-59 37 63
60+ 37 63
APPENDIX: A
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APPENDIX: A
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APPENDIX: A
Table 45: Average money spent in a typical week of gamblingamong current gamblers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT1996 2009
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1996 2009
1996 2002 2006 2009
$ $ $ $ Trend
Total 45 45 44 40 n.s
Male 45 44 44 40 n.s
Female 45 46 45 40 n.s
15-24 45 44E 46 39E n.s
25-39 45 43 45 33E n.s
40-59 43 46 40 41 n.s
60+ 53 41 52 61 n.s
APPENDIX: A
Table 46: Average money spent in a typical week ofgambling among current gamblers aged 15+ by selectdemographics NWT 2009
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demographics, NWT 2009
$
Total 40
Male 40
Female
40
15-24 39E
25-39 33E
40-59 41
60+ 61*
Aboriginal 64*
Non-Aboriginal 15
APPENDIX: A
Table 47: Prevalence of regular gambling among residents aged15+ by select demographics, NWT 1996 - 2009
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1996 2002 2006 2009
% % % % Trend
Total 29 25 23 23 *
Male 29 25 25 26 n.s
Female
30 25 20 19
*
15-24 23E 18 20 20 n.s
25-39 27 22 19 17 *
40-59 33 30 24 26 *
60+ 44 38 39 34 n.s
Aboriginal 39 33 29 31 * *
APPENDIX: A
Table 48: Prevalence of regular gamblingamong residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics NWT 2009
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demographics, NWT 2009
%
Total 23
Male 26*
Female
19
15-24 20
25-39 17
40-59 26
60+ 34*
Aboriginal 31*
APPENDIX: A
Table 49: Sample sizes of each survey and the corresponding weighted samples
by select demographics, NWT 1996 - 2009
1996 2002 2004 2006 2009
Weighted Sample Weighted Sample Weighted Sample Weighted Sample Weighted Sample
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Total 29,517 881 30,431 1,295 32,389 845 31,759 1,235 33,998 1,160
Male 14,968 408 15,892 595 16,841 380 16,539 571 17,738 535Female 14,549 473 14,539 700 15,548 465 15,220 664 16,261 625
15-24 6,012 100 6,413 174 6,978 100 6,757 214 7,057 211
25-39 12,965 422 11,467 489 10,918 282 10,571 430 10,934 350
40-59 8,337 280 9,602 487 11,307 363 11,121 450 12,226 448
60+ 2,203 79 2,743 137 2,993 94 3,258 138 3,782 151
Aboriginal 12,467 340 14,188 567 15,050 389 15,334 619 16,123 627
Non-Aboriginal 17,050 541 16,242 728 17,340 456 16,425 616 17,876 533
Less than High School 10,333 268 11,384 446 11,515 276 10,854 425 11,803 448
High School Diploma 5,389 153 6,147 252 6,473 158 6,471 254 6,499 207Some Post-Secondary 7,970 258 7,125 325 7,121 200 8,319 298 8,363 272
University Degree 5,305 186 5,456 259 7,232 209 6,064 257 7,332 232