nwrmp: the role of stakeholders in implementing the national water resources master plan
DESCRIPTION
NWRMP: The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Water Resources Master Plan. Dr. Martin O. Eduvie Coordinator/Project Manager RWSSC National Water Resources Institute Kaduna. What is NWRMP?. Nigeria Water Resources Master Plan: IWRM In Nigeria, we have challenges - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in
Implementing the National Water Resources
Master Plan
Dr Martin O EduvieCoordinatorProject Manager RWSSCNational Water Resources Institute Kaduna
2
Nigeria Water Resources Master Plan IWRMIn Nigeria we have challenges
Water shortage is more serious Need for water resources development hence
the need for NWRMP 2013 due to the following Water supply irrigation and and energy
generation problems Therefore Water resources management is
urgent and managed in accordance with IWRM JICA assisted the MP 1995 and recommended
review MP 2013
What is NWRMP
3
Nigeria vision 202020 Millennium Development Goals The Africa Water Vision The National Water Resources Policy (revised
2009)Framework of MP2013Nigeria vision 202020 show the goals to improve
current nation issues in water sector Low rate of access to safe clean water and
sanitation facilities Less contribution of irrigation to National Food
security and Insufficient utilization of hydropower (Renewable
energy)
Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
4
Need to review due to the following Water demand is increasing with population
growth and economic development River flow dry up Influence of climate change Effective water resources management at
National level catchment Management office CMO established 8HA
NWRMP principle Cont
5
Formation of NNWRMP 2013 through review and up date of MP 1995
Formation of Catchment Management Plan (CMP) HA-1 (Niger North)Western HA-8
Phase 1- Basic study Phase 2 - Master plan for NNWRMP Phase 3- Formation of CMP for 2
hydrological areas
Objective of the Project
6
Improve current situation by setting of goals
3 major areas of improvement Low rate of access safe and clean water and
sanitation Low contribution of irrigation to national
food security Insufficient utilization of hydropower for
renewable unitPopulation 1544 million in 2010 to 2578 in
2050
Framework of MP2013
7
Surface water ndash 81 projects (Dams) Groundwater development ndash 148 projects
(Boreholes and wells) Water supply Projects ndash 489 (Water
treatment) Sanitation project ndash 264 (Public investment) Irrigation and drainage ndash 146 project Water Resources Management
List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy objectives and uses to improve decision making in
operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems
design and implementation of programs and policies
Integrated Water Resources Management
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs water and water-related policy resource allocation and management within the context of
social economic and environmental development objectives
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
2
Nigeria Water Resources Master Plan IWRMIn Nigeria we have challenges
Water shortage is more serious Need for water resources development hence
the need for NWRMP 2013 due to the following Water supply irrigation and and energy
generation problems Therefore Water resources management is
urgent and managed in accordance with IWRM JICA assisted the MP 1995 and recommended
review MP 2013
What is NWRMP
3
Nigeria vision 202020 Millennium Development Goals The Africa Water Vision The National Water Resources Policy (revised
2009)Framework of MP2013Nigeria vision 202020 show the goals to improve
current nation issues in water sector Low rate of access to safe clean water and
sanitation facilities Less contribution of irrigation to National Food
security and Insufficient utilization of hydropower (Renewable
energy)
Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
4
Need to review due to the following Water demand is increasing with population
growth and economic development River flow dry up Influence of climate change Effective water resources management at
National level catchment Management office CMO established 8HA
NWRMP principle Cont
5
Formation of NNWRMP 2013 through review and up date of MP 1995
Formation of Catchment Management Plan (CMP) HA-1 (Niger North)Western HA-8
Phase 1- Basic study Phase 2 - Master plan for NNWRMP Phase 3- Formation of CMP for 2
hydrological areas
Objective of the Project
6
Improve current situation by setting of goals
3 major areas of improvement Low rate of access safe and clean water and
sanitation Low contribution of irrigation to national
food security Insufficient utilization of hydropower for
renewable unitPopulation 1544 million in 2010 to 2578 in
2050
Framework of MP2013
7
Surface water ndash 81 projects (Dams) Groundwater development ndash 148 projects
(Boreholes and wells) Water supply Projects ndash 489 (Water
treatment) Sanitation project ndash 264 (Public investment) Irrigation and drainage ndash 146 project Water Resources Management
List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy objectives and uses to improve decision making in
operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems
design and implementation of programs and policies
Integrated Water Resources Management
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs water and water-related policy resource allocation and management within the context of
social economic and environmental development objectives
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
3
Nigeria vision 202020 Millennium Development Goals The Africa Water Vision The National Water Resources Policy (revised
2009)Framework of MP2013Nigeria vision 202020 show the goals to improve
current nation issues in water sector Low rate of access to safe clean water and
sanitation facilities Less contribution of irrigation to National Food
security and Insufficient utilization of hydropower (Renewable
energy)
Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
4
Need to review due to the following Water demand is increasing with population
growth and economic development River flow dry up Influence of climate change Effective water resources management at
National level catchment Management office CMO established 8HA
NWRMP principle Cont
5
Formation of NNWRMP 2013 through review and up date of MP 1995
Formation of Catchment Management Plan (CMP) HA-1 (Niger North)Western HA-8
Phase 1- Basic study Phase 2 - Master plan for NNWRMP Phase 3- Formation of CMP for 2
hydrological areas
Objective of the Project
6
Improve current situation by setting of goals
3 major areas of improvement Low rate of access safe and clean water and
sanitation Low contribution of irrigation to national
food security Insufficient utilization of hydropower for
renewable unitPopulation 1544 million in 2010 to 2578 in
2050
Framework of MP2013
7
Surface water ndash 81 projects (Dams) Groundwater development ndash 148 projects
(Boreholes and wells) Water supply Projects ndash 489 (Water
treatment) Sanitation project ndash 264 (Public investment) Irrigation and drainage ndash 146 project Water Resources Management
List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy objectives and uses to improve decision making in
operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems
design and implementation of programs and policies
Integrated Water Resources Management
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs water and water-related policy resource allocation and management within the context of
social economic and environmental development objectives
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
4
Need to review due to the following Water demand is increasing with population
growth and economic development River flow dry up Influence of climate change Effective water resources management at
National level catchment Management office CMO established 8HA
NWRMP principle Cont
5
Formation of NNWRMP 2013 through review and up date of MP 1995
Formation of Catchment Management Plan (CMP) HA-1 (Niger North)Western HA-8
Phase 1- Basic study Phase 2 - Master plan for NNWRMP Phase 3- Formation of CMP for 2
hydrological areas
Objective of the Project
6
Improve current situation by setting of goals
3 major areas of improvement Low rate of access safe and clean water and
sanitation Low contribution of irrigation to national
food security Insufficient utilization of hydropower for
renewable unitPopulation 1544 million in 2010 to 2578 in
2050
Framework of MP2013
7
Surface water ndash 81 projects (Dams) Groundwater development ndash 148 projects
(Boreholes and wells) Water supply Projects ndash 489 (Water
treatment) Sanitation project ndash 264 (Public investment) Irrigation and drainage ndash 146 project Water Resources Management
List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy objectives and uses to improve decision making in
operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems
design and implementation of programs and policies
Integrated Water Resources Management
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs water and water-related policy resource allocation and management within the context of
social economic and environmental development objectives
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
5
Formation of NNWRMP 2013 through review and up date of MP 1995
Formation of Catchment Management Plan (CMP) HA-1 (Niger North)Western HA-8
Phase 1- Basic study Phase 2 - Master plan for NNWRMP Phase 3- Formation of CMP for 2
hydrological areas
Objective of the Project
6
Improve current situation by setting of goals
3 major areas of improvement Low rate of access safe and clean water and
sanitation Low contribution of irrigation to national
food security Insufficient utilization of hydropower for
renewable unitPopulation 1544 million in 2010 to 2578 in
2050
Framework of MP2013
7
Surface water ndash 81 projects (Dams) Groundwater development ndash 148 projects
(Boreholes and wells) Water supply Projects ndash 489 (Water
treatment) Sanitation project ndash 264 (Public investment) Irrigation and drainage ndash 146 project Water Resources Management
List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy objectives and uses to improve decision making in
operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems
design and implementation of programs and policies
Integrated Water Resources Management
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs water and water-related policy resource allocation and management within the context of
social economic and environmental development objectives
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
6
Improve current situation by setting of goals
3 major areas of improvement Low rate of access safe and clean water and
sanitation Low contribution of irrigation to national
food security Insufficient utilization of hydropower for
renewable unitPopulation 1544 million in 2010 to 2578 in
2050
Framework of MP2013
7
Surface water ndash 81 projects (Dams) Groundwater development ndash 148 projects
(Boreholes and wells) Water supply Projects ndash 489 (Water
treatment) Sanitation project ndash 264 (Public investment) Irrigation and drainage ndash 146 project Water Resources Management
List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy objectives and uses to improve decision making in
operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems
design and implementation of programs and policies
Integrated Water Resources Management
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs water and water-related policy resource allocation and management within the context of
social economic and environmental development objectives
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
7
Surface water ndash 81 projects (Dams) Groundwater development ndash 148 projects
(Boreholes and wells) Water supply Projects ndash 489 (Water
treatment) Sanitation project ndash 264 (Public investment) Irrigation and drainage ndash 146 project Water Resources Management
List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy objectives and uses to improve decision making in
operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems
design and implementation of programs and policies
Integrated Water Resources Management
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs water and water-related policy resource allocation and management within the context of
social economic and environmental development objectives
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy objectives and uses to improve decision making in
operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems
design and implementation of programs and policies
Integrated Water Resources Management
A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs water and water-related policy resource allocation and management within the context of
social economic and environmental development objectives
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
9
Key Water amp Water-related
PoliciesInst
Resources Assessment amp
Analysis
Use Assessment amp Analysis
Resource Development amp
Management Plan
Implementation amp Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review amp Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process
bull Stakeholder Inputbull Donor Inputbull Other Input
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
10
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
11
What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
12
Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
13
Prevention is better thanCure
Suggest ways to reduce waste
disposal to the streets and gutters
What are the impacts
of this waste on water
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
14
Source Nkhuwa 2006
Contamination sources not separate from water supply Contamination sources not separate from water supply
Lusaka
How to supply potable
water here
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
15
Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here water management)
User Provider of the resource Manager of the resource Impact of the resource on the ecosystem Regulator of the resource
Stakeholder
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
16
Stakeholders want to participate To protect their interests To get problems fixed
Stakeholders need to participate Government decisions hard to implement without
social support Some management tasks are more efficiently
carries out by stakeholders Small aquiferssurface require local management
Why stakeholder participation in water management
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
17
Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience
Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing
social benefits - promote equity among users
economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs
technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction
Benefits from Stakeholder participation
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
18
List stakeholders base on NWRMP
Identification of key stakeholders
Who are the key
stakeholders
Why is it necessary to pay attention
to genderother factors during stakeholder
analysis
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
19
Stakeholder analysis has three steps1 Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management
2 Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests
3 Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders
Identification of key stakeholders
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
20
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
21
Stakeholder functions in WR managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring Make rules on water use Policing of groundwater
use Participate in setting
targets Settle WR disputes
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
22
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
23
Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
24
1 Civil society-Consumers NGOs CBOs Trade unions Labour media
2 Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors farmers with water from private wells AWDROP etc)
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWCGWP NIWRMC
4 Private sector- Banks-Micro financing PPPs and IFIs - WB AFDB
5 Regulatory bodies6 River Basins Authorities7 Trans boundary organisations8 External support agencies9 Legislators
Who are the water stakeholders(Nigeria Example)
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
25
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
1 Civil Society WASHCOMS Water Users Association NEWSAN AUCPTRE Climate Change Information Network Water and Sanitation Media Network Newspapers TV Radio
Increase awareness Mobilise public participation Awareness-raising advocacy and building synergies for sustainable water financing
2 Service providers Water utilities water vendors Bottling companies farmers sewerage firms AWDROP
National IWRM policies and legislations determine the roles and responsibilities of the various levels of service provisionIn Nigeria
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
26
3 Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies
National Water Resources Council National Integrated Water Resources Management Commission National Sanitation Task Force
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies Provide structures for co-ordination between different organisations Improved co-ordinationRecommend creation of new departments or commissions committees and authorities An example is the new National Technical Sub Committee on IWRM
4 Local Governments
LGA LGDA etc Act as both service providers and regulatorsProviding information and supporting dialogue among stakeholders and policy makers Local governments use economic instruments to influence the behaviour of their citizenry These include rate structures and charges fees for permits as well as fines and penalties They use regulatory instruments such as by-laws to influence the implementation of IWRM practices within their boundaries
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
27
SN Stakeholder Examples Roles
5 Private sector World Bank Urban Sector reform projects AFDB in Osun Yobe Taraba Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks International Financial institutions such as the World Bank AFDB provide loans to public sector service providers for the promotion of PPPs- 1st and 2nd National Urban Water sector reform programmeThe main types of private involvement (also known as privatisation and PPP) in water service provision are through management and service contracts leasing BOTs concessions Joint ventures and Divestiture
6 River Basins Organisations
12 River Basins Dev Authorities in in Nigeria
The River basin organisations (RBOs )deal with the water resource management issues in a river basin a lake basin or across an important aquifer
Their functions vary from resource management and planning to education of basin communities Recent innovation has focused on an Integrated River Basin management approach (IRBM)
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
28
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
7 Regulatory bodies
FMWAWRNIWRMC
Functions are determined by National policy and legislationAllocation of water rights Environmental managementEconomic regulation
8 Transboundary Organisations
Lake Chad Commission River Niger Basin Authority
Trans-boundary organisations provide a framework for managing water resources across international boundaries
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
29
SN Stakeholders Examples Roles
9 External support Agencies
Global water partnership European Union Water Aid JICA DFID UNDP UNICEF GEF
Funding support to government and CSOsImplementation of model replicable projectsSupport for IWRM implementation water sector reformsCapacity building
10 Legislators National Assembly State Assemblies Local Govt councillors
Make laws
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
30
Categories of stakeholders
A High interest Importance High Influence
B High Interest Importance Low influence
C Low Interest Importance High influence
D Low Interest Importance Low influence
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
31
Stakeholder functions in Water managementFunctions Level at which function performed
Water User Association
Water Mgmt Agency
National Authority
Collect water use charges
Groundwater monitoring minor minor
Make rules on water use minor
Policing of groundwater use Minor
Participate in setting targets SGW
Settle water disputes minor
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
32
Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder Functions spread across gvt agencies Objectives differ Opportunity to influence other gvt agencies
Government as a stakeholder
How can we get government agencies to
work together
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
33
Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies
A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function
What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
34
Stakeholders participation
Cap-N
et
2008
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
35
Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
Sub catchment council
WUA
Catchment council
ZINWA Board
Catchment manager
Government Stakeholders
4 Catchment chairpersons
WUAWUA
ZINWA
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
36
Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised ndash and the expected result
Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them ndash many may see only disadvantages
Information transparency negotiation are all essential
Stakeholder mobilisation
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
37
Mechanisms Make complex situations understandable
information is a basis for discussion Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility Ensure all stakeholders are represented Where necessary establish a sound groundwater
rights system like the water well code
Stakeholder participation
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
38
ExistingUser
Developer
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater table
Water Policy
Water Act
Regulations
Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
Stakeholders
Water Info amp Planning
GOVERNMENT
RBC
Water Police
Case 1 Addressing Groundwater conflict
Parliament
39
Water PoliceRBC
Water Info amp Planning
Stakeholders
Regulations
Water Policy
Water Act Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
GOVERNMENT
Parliament
Permit
CASE 2 ADDRESSING WATER POLLUTION
40
Water PoliceRBC
Water Info amp Planning
Stakeholders
Regulations
Water Policy
Water Act Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
GOVERNMENT
Parliament
Permit
CASE 3 ADDRESSING UPSTREAM-DOWNSTREAM CONFLICT
41
National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
42
KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
R Krsquo Hausa
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
= Sites of proposed intervention at basin and wetlands level resp
RKano
The HJKY Basin
2 Promotion of IWRM in the HJKYB
43
KANO
GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam
(proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
NGURU
RHadejia
Dumus wetlands
Harbo amp Hantsu wetlands
Gantsa
ands
GEIDAM
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
DAMATURU
Map of the Area
44
Basin (HJKYB) drains a catchment of approximately 84000 km2 in northeast Nigeria (Figure 1) Located between latitude 9o 48 to 13o 30 north and longitude 7o 30 to 14o 30 East
Covering six states (Borno Yobe Jigawa Bauchi Kano and Plateau)
Over 15 million people are supported by the basin through agriculture fishing livestock keeping and water supply
Basic Information
45
These wetlands support a wide range of ecological processes and economic activities which sustain (directly or indirectly) the livelihoods of over 7 million people
These activities include agriculture pastoralism fishing wild resources collection and tourism potential The wetlands also host biodiversity of global significance
Major Use of water in the Basin
46
Within the Hadejia river system the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga Challawa dams and The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP)
The Jamarsquoare river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt
Development of Dams
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
40
Water PoliceRBC
Water Info amp Planning
Stakeholders
Regulations
Water Policy
Water Act Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC)
GOVERNMENT
Parliament
Permit
CASE 3 ADDRESSING UPSTREAM-DOWNSTREAM CONFLICT
41
National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
42
KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
R Krsquo Hausa
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
= Sites of proposed intervention at basin and wetlands level resp
RKano
The HJKY Basin
2 Promotion of IWRM in the HJKYB
43
KANO
GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam
(proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
NGURU
RHadejia
Dumus wetlands
Harbo amp Hantsu wetlands
Gantsa
ands
GEIDAM
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
DAMATURU
Map of the Area
44
Basin (HJKYB) drains a catchment of approximately 84000 km2 in northeast Nigeria (Figure 1) Located between latitude 9o 48 to 13o 30 north and longitude 7o 30 to 14o 30 East
Covering six states (Borno Yobe Jigawa Bauchi Kano and Plateau)
Over 15 million people are supported by the basin through agriculture fishing livestock keeping and water supply
Basic Information
45
These wetlands support a wide range of ecological processes and economic activities which sustain (directly or indirectly) the livelihoods of over 7 million people
These activities include agriculture pastoralism fishing wild resources collection and tourism potential The wetlands also host biodiversity of global significance
Major Use of water in the Basin
46
Within the Hadejia river system the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga Challawa dams and The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP)
The Jamarsquoare river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt
Development of Dams
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
41
National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
42
KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
R Krsquo Hausa
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
= Sites of proposed intervention at basin and wetlands level resp
RKano
The HJKY Basin
2 Promotion of IWRM in the HJKYB
43
KANO
GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam
(proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
NGURU
RHadejia
Dumus wetlands
Harbo amp Hantsu wetlands
Gantsa
ands
GEIDAM
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
DAMATURU
Map of the Area
44
Basin (HJKYB) drains a catchment of approximately 84000 km2 in northeast Nigeria (Figure 1) Located between latitude 9o 48 to 13o 30 north and longitude 7o 30 to 14o 30 East
Covering six states (Borno Yobe Jigawa Bauchi Kano and Plateau)
Over 15 million people are supported by the basin through agriculture fishing livestock keeping and water supply
Basic Information
45
These wetlands support a wide range of ecological processes and economic activities which sustain (directly or indirectly) the livelihoods of over 7 million people
These activities include agriculture pastoralism fishing wild resources collection and tourism potential The wetlands also host biodiversity of global significance
Major Use of water in the Basin
46
Within the Hadejia river system the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga Challawa dams and The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP)
The Jamarsquoare river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt
Development of Dams
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
42
KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
R Krsquo Hausa
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
= Sites of proposed intervention at basin and wetlands level resp
RKano
The HJKY Basin
2 Promotion of IWRM in the HJKYB
43
KANO
GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam
(proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
NGURU
RHadejia
Dumus wetlands
Harbo amp Hantsu wetlands
Gantsa
ands
GEIDAM
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
DAMATURU
Map of the Area
44
Basin (HJKYB) drains a catchment of approximately 84000 km2 in northeast Nigeria (Figure 1) Located between latitude 9o 48 to 13o 30 north and longitude 7o 30 to 14o 30 East
Covering six states (Borno Yobe Jigawa Bauchi Kano and Plateau)
Over 15 million people are supported by the basin through agriculture fishing livestock keeping and water supply
Basic Information
45
These wetlands support a wide range of ecological processes and economic activities which sustain (directly or indirectly) the livelihoods of over 7 million people
These activities include agriculture pastoralism fishing wild resources collection and tourism potential The wetlands also host biodiversity of global significance
Major Use of water in the Basin
46
Within the Hadejia river system the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga Challawa dams and The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP)
The Jamarsquoare river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt
Development of Dams
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
43
KANO
GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI
JOS
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam
Kafin Zaki Dam
(proposed)
Kano River Irrigation Project
RYobe
R Katagum
R Jamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
NGURU
RHadejia
Dumus wetlands
Harbo amp Hantsu wetlands
Gantsa
ands
GEIDAM
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
DAMATURU
Map of the Area
44
Basin (HJKYB) drains a catchment of approximately 84000 km2 in northeast Nigeria (Figure 1) Located between latitude 9o 48 to 13o 30 north and longitude 7o 30 to 14o 30 East
Covering six states (Borno Yobe Jigawa Bauchi Kano and Plateau)
Over 15 million people are supported by the basin through agriculture fishing livestock keeping and water supply
Basic Information
45
These wetlands support a wide range of ecological processes and economic activities which sustain (directly or indirectly) the livelihoods of over 7 million people
These activities include agriculture pastoralism fishing wild resources collection and tourism potential The wetlands also host biodiversity of global significance
Major Use of water in the Basin
46
Within the Hadejia river system the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga Challawa dams and The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP)
The Jamarsquoare river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt
Development of Dams
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
44
Basin (HJKYB) drains a catchment of approximately 84000 km2 in northeast Nigeria (Figure 1) Located between latitude 9o 48 to 13o 30 north and longitude 7o 30 to 14o 30 East
Covering six states (Borno Yobe Jigawa Bauchi Kano and Plateau)
Over 15 million people are supported by the basin through agriculture fishing livestock keeping and water supply
Basic Information
45
These wetlands support a wide range of ecological processes and economic activities which sustain (directly or indirectly) the livelihoods of over 7 million people
These activities include agriculture pastoralism fishing wild resources collection and tourism potential The wetlands also host biodiversity of global significance
Major Use of water in the Basin
46
Within the Hadejia river system the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga Challawa dams and The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP)
The Jamarsquoare river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt
Development of Dams
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
45
These wetlands support a wide range of ecological processes and economic activities which sustain (directly or indirectly) the livelihoods of over 7 million people
These activities include agriculture pastoralism fishing wild resources collection and tourism potential The wetlands also host biodiversity of global significance
Major Use of water in the Basin
46
Within the Hadejia river system the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga Challawa dams and The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP)
The Jamarsquoare river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt
Development of Dams
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
46
Within the Hadejia river system the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams
Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP)
Tiga Challawa dams and The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP)
The Jamarsquoare river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at Kafin Zaki have been put on halt
Development of Dams
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
47
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
bullHydrologicalbull spatial and temporal variabilitybull recurring and prolonged droughtsbull increasing desertification
bullSocio-economicbull high and rapid growing populationbull increasing urbanisationbull increasing povertybull inefficient agriculturalirrigation practices
bullEnvironmentalbull degraded water courses leading to floodingbull water pollution amp infestation of destructive aquatic
weedsbull excessive and uncontrolled groundwater
exploitationbull poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
48
HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
bullInstitutionalbull poor amp fragmented watershed management (role
definition)bull inadequate coordination (horizontallyvertically)bull policy inconsistencybull inadequate stakeholder participationbull insufficient hydro-meteorological information
bullFinancialbull irrational pricing policies for rawtreated waterbull Lack of transparency and accountabilitybull inadequate financing for watershed protectionbull inadequate financing for data management
bullTransboundary Watersbull Intra states river systemsbull downstream of Lake Chadbull growing concern LCBC NNJC bull Regional efforts weak
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
49
Stakeholder Groups
Resou
rce U
sers
Resource User GroupsTraditional CouncilsFarmers groupsCattle Rearers AssociationWater Users AssociationsFadama Users AssociationsFishermen Associations
Stakeholders in HJKYB
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
50
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gov
ernm
e
nt
Agenc
ies
B Government Agencies Federal amp State of
MWR MARD MEnv MoH MoE MoInf MoJust
RBDAs (2 nos) SWAs (5 nos) RWSSAs (5 nos) SEPAs (5 nos) ADPs (5 nos) LGAs (149 nos) NEMA NEAZDP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
51
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
Legislative Houses
C Legislative Houses NA Committees on
WR Env Agric Educ Health
SA Committees on WR Env Agric Educ Health
LG Legislative Councils
Stakeholders in HJKYB
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
52
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
D CB amp Research Institutions NWRI Universities (3 nos) Polytechnics (5 nos) LCRI IAR
Stakeholders in HJKYB
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
53
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on
sGov
ernm
en
t Age
ncie
s
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
F Media Organisations Print Media Electronic Media (radio tv)
Stakeholders in HJKYB
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
54
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
s
NGO
s amp
CBOs
CB amp Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
E NGOs amp CBOs WaterAid
NCF SCF
Stakeholders in HJKYB
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
55
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp
Res
Institutio
ns
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
G ESAs amp Donor Sponsored Projects
DFID GEF UNICEF EU WB AfDB
JWL WANI HNWCP
Stakeholders in HJKYB
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
56
Stakeholder Groups
Reso
urc
e U
sers
Med
ia
Org
an
isati
on s
Gover
nmen
t Age
ncie
sNGOs
amp CBOs CB amp Res
Institutions
Regional
Organisations
Legislative Houses
ESAs amp DSPs
H Regional Organisations
LCBC NNJC
Stakeholders in HJKYB
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
57
Institutional requirements 1 Stakeholders involved in decision making2 Water resources management based on
hydrological boundaries3 Organizational structures at basin and sub-
basin levels to enable decision making at the lowest appropriate level
4 Government to co-ordinate the national management of water resources across water use sectors
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
58
River Basin Organization The river basin is the logical bio-physical unit for
the management of natural resources A river basin organization (RBO) is the appropriate
institution to translate IWRM concept into action River basin organizations should be managed
through interdisciplinary approaches The entire drainage basin of a river should be taken
into account in developing IWRM plans The RBO should be responsible for coordinating
development and allocation of water resources as well as regulating utilization according to the developed IWRM plans
Relationship between the river basin organization and political and administrative units should be recognized as RBO cannot work in isolation
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
59
Achievement of effective participation and cooperation of all organisations and agencies at all levels and across sectors would be by1 anchoring the coordination at the highest
apex level2 creating coordination bodies at the river
basin level3 devolving responsibility to the lowest
appropriate level4 developing human and institutional capacity
Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
60
1 Development and Review of Policies Legislations etc
2 Reactivate strengthen and support Coordinating Bodies
3 Establish and Support State IWRM Committees4 Re-orient Existing Agencies towards IWRM5 Secure Political Commitment and Popular
Support for IWRM6 Assess Availability Demand and Uses of Water
Resources7 Develop the HJKYB IWRM Plan
Strategies for Transition to IWRM in HJKYB
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
61
HJKYB Stakeholder Network
RKatagum KANO
NGURU GASHUA
KATAGUM
HADEJIA
BAUCHI JOS
RHadejia
Tiga Dam
Challawa Gorge Dam Kano River
Irrigation Project
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project
RJamarsquoare
Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands
KANO STATE
JIGAWA STATE
BAUCHI STATE
YOBE STATE
DUTSE
BORNO STATE
GOMBE STATE
50km 0 10 20 30 40 50
N
MAIDUGURI
RKomadugu
Lake Chad
NIGER REPUBLIC
GEIDAM
DAMASAK
DIFFA
DAMATURU
Kafin Zaki Dam (proposed)
PLATEAU STATE
KADUNA STATE
KATSINA STATE
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
ADAMAWA STATE
Hadejia Barrage
Map of the HJKY Basin
RYobe
KanoSIWRMC
JigawaSIWRMC
BauchiSIWRMCPlateau
SIWRMC
YobeSIWRMC
BornoSIWRMC
KYB WDI
River Jamarsquoare CDA
River Hadejia
CDA
River Yobe CDA
Joint SIWRMSecretariat
HJKYBTrust Fund
FMWRKYB TACCC
JACJCC
HJKYB-SCF
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
62
Despite their importance to ecosystem the maintenance of soil fertility regional ground water recharge function drought fall-back mechanism and their immense contributions to the national economy the integrity of wetlands in the KYB is being undermined by
Increasing threats Poor water management accentuated by
uncoordinated development interventions fragmented regulatory responsibilities growing water demands inequitable access to water resources and many more have been implicated
Closing Remarks
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
63
The impacts of these threats have resulted into irregular flow of water in the wetlands Irregular water flow in wetlands rivers (too much and too little) have led to siltation of channels and increased proliferation of typha grass leading to loss of farm lands grazing lands fish and fisheries and increased resources use conflicts and poverty among communities
Impacts
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
64
The proposed flow proportioning structure discussed in this paper and for which the DFID-JWL project is catalysing the process through stakeholder dialogue and a feasibility study will apportion water between the Marma Burum Gana and the Old Hadejia river helping to regulate flow between these rivers This will subsequently make provisions for the control of typha grass liberate farmlands grazing lands and improve fish catches This will help to improve the local economy reduce resource use conflicts and hence reduce poverty
Regulation of Water Flow
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
65
The process to be followed in arriving at the construction of the flow proportioning structure will also demonstrate how to construct similar structures in the basin and in fact in other basins across the country and elsewhere The process will also demonstrate how to get various agencies (across tiers and sectors of government) to coordinate their activities Lack of coordination of government agencies has often been a major impediment to the development progress in Nigeria today
Regulation of Water Flow
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
66
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
4 Priority Issues amp Options
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
67
Hadejia-Nguru Federal Highway Sept 05
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
68
The Road to Daba Magani Abandoned August 05
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
69
Gashua-Nguru-Hadejia-Kano Mass Transit since August 04
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
70
Cereal crop production on upland farms in the Banbori area Sept 05Typha blockage of the Burumgana cleared March 05
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
71
Wetlands General Council members playing the River Basin Game
State IWRM coordinators training in IWRM Action Planning
Advocacy Training for State IWRM coordinators
IWRM Advocacy Planning
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
72
NASS Ad-Hoc Committee on the HNWs lead by Hon Dr Ahmed I Lawan Chairman House Committee on Agric on their fact finding tour of the HNWs amp KYB
3 Subsequent Developments
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
73
The river takes its source from the Kangimi in the Jos Plateau (210km)
Crosses the city (North and South Area)
River flows for 100km into Shiroro dam Flows for 200km and discharge finally
to river Niger
Local kaduna River Pollution
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
74
Serves as a source for Drinking water Irrigation Industrial water supply Discharge of industrial waste water (created
pollution from effluents 8-16kms on the river
Kaduna River
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
75
Makera Zone (drain X) Textiles industries Breweries oil depot
Kakuri Zone (drain Y) Textiles Asbestos products Fertilizers company Defence industry
Kachia Zone (drain C Romi) Refinery Automobile Plant Bottling companies Tower Aluminium products
Kudenda Zone (drain Z Rafin Dai) BreweryBeverage industry Food products Flour mills Glass factory Batteries Plastic products and farming
Kaduna Pollution Drains
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
76
Beecroft (1987) Oni (1990) reportedCOD 50 tonsdayBOD 16tonsdayTotal Solid 50 tonsdaySuspended solid10 tonsdayToxic metals (Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd) 140 kgdayFlow 2000m3 s ndash 8m3
Pollution Status of the River
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
77
Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
78
Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
79
Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplified diagram
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
80
Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and smelly
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
81
Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
82
Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
83
Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
84
Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory draining into the river
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
85
Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO into the River tributary at Kaduna
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
86
Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic Farm
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
87
Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
88
Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
89
Water supply Farmers (Irrigation fishing amp livestock) Industries (Water use Effluent
discharge) Government Agencies Upstream versus downstream
Conflict of InterestStakeholders
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
90
National Bakolori Irrigation Project
National example of stakeholders
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
91
The Bakolori irrigation scheme lies within semi-arid Northern Sudan Savannah zoneEstablished to cope with the problems of
Aridity Rainfall variability Lack of food self-sufficiency Storage capacity of 450million m3
Justification for the Dam
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
92
Extensive cultivation of 2-10km floodplain
Local Farmers over 50000 people Grow rice and sorghum (wet season) Vegetable crops (dry season)
Historical Background
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
93
Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
94
Area of 8000 hectares 19km upstream from the dam
Storage capacity of 450million m3
Population of 13000 people Dam is 55 km long earthfill structure
with a 360m long and 48m high concrete central section
35000 hectares only 23000 hectares developed
More Facts on New Dam
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
95
Underdeveloped Northern Nigeria National needs and interest Farmers needs Foreign interests Downstream impact
Before the dam was built 50000 people made their living as floodplain farmers within 2-10kmbroad and 120km long floodplain downstream
Conflict listing
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
96
Evaporation losses from reservoir Dam altered the pattern of the natural
runoff of the Sokoto River Dam partly closed and released Agriculture and fisheries affected
After Construction of Dam
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
97
Resettle 2866 families (Kolawole 1991) Land expropriation was made with
inadequate compensation During 3 yrs of implementation of the
irrigation scheme farmers on site were not allowed to cultivate
Social Crisis at Bakolori
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
98
Demand compensation over loss of land homes and economically valuable trees
Lacked democratic Institutions to articulate their interest
Peaceful demostration to rebellion Attempt to stop construction Anarchy and disruptive result
Farmers Response
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
99
Compensation issues delayed due to What is right compensation Assessment of economic trees Identifying the rightful owners of the landbull Finally deployed riot-police bull April 1980 386 protesting farmers were
killed
Statersquos Response
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
100
Dialogue and Negotiation Compensation Local Communities more involved Management of Water resources Land allocation
Conflict Resolution
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
101
Regional Case Study Chad Basin
Regional example of stakeholders
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
102
As a regional organization LCBC has a mandate of conflict resolution
Best practical regional experience on conflict resolution in Africa
Drawn up a Strategic Action Plan and launch a vision at the 2nd World Water Forum at the Haque in 2000(Participartory) manner
Lake Chad Basin
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
103
Basin constitute the largest fresh water resources in the Sahelian region of Africa
Shared directly by Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad Central African Republic population of 20036000 people
Within greater basin Sudan Congo Brazaville and Libya
The conventional basin approx 967000 km2
Facts on Lake Chad
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
104
Fort Lamy Convention Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in 1964 (Nigeria Niger Chad and Cameroon)
Lake Chad Research Institute Lake Chad basin Authority Launch the International Campaign to
save Lake Chad Basin at 8th Summit of Heads of State and Government of LCBC at Abuja in March 1994
Interbasin transfer options study $6million
Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
105
Poverty Food Information Stakeholder participation Population growth Urbanization Areas of conflicts
Focused Issues
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
106
Allocating water resources (large irrigated areas and different ecosystems)eg Semry in Cameroon Sodelac in Chad Nigeria South Chad irrigation scheme
Formation of spirals of Degradationover-exploitation of halieutic stocks fishing and over exploitation of aquifers through indiscriminate use of motor pumps by farmers
Increased competition between production activities leading to conflicts Stock breedersfarmers fishermenfarmers
Threat to environment
Major threat to the Chad Basin
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
107
Persistent drought desertification and poor management of water resources Aquifer depletion and low water table and deterioration of water quantity and quality
Drastic reduction in size and content 25000 sqkm in 1964 to about 3000sqkm by
2006 Decline in bio-diversity and increase
vulnerability to erosion and poverty Lack of integrated usage and management
of water resources by member countries Large dams upstream without due regards
to ecosystems downstream and end users
Water and Land management challenges
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
108
Inadequate system for monitoring the quantity and quality of water Early warning system and preservation measures
Lack of active commitment by members
Capacity of the basin to provide sustainable means of livelihood for 20 million people
Drought affected agricultural production
Use of chemicals for fishing
Challenges Cont
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
109
Prohibitive costs of operation and maintenance give rise to abandonment of large scale irrigation schemes
Increase pressure on the dwindling resources of the basin
Increase potentials of conflicts Farmers versus Pastoralists member states etc
Land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad ecosystems
Challenges Cont
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
110
Chad over the years
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
111
Chad Basin 1960-2006
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
112
Socio-economic problems + drought desertification results into conflicts
Grazers and arable farmers Intrar-state conflicts (KanoBorono
Jigawa Yobe and Bauchi Reduce flows Change ecosystem
Conflict Resolution Issues
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
113
Severe drought and desertification a war broke out between Nigeria and Chad over emerging Islands in 1983
Extra- ordinary session of commission in July 1983 (Nigeria and Chad in Lagos)
Two committees (Security and Survey and Demarcation)
Regional Level
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
114
Border demarcation exercise approved by Heads of States of the LCBC at their 6th Summit held in NrsquoDjamena on 28th and 29th October 1987
Contributed equally the sum of 312884000 FCFA needed for the job (Territories of Cameroon Niger Nigeria and Chad in Lake Chad)
Regional Level
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
115
Regular consultations Water and management laws and
action plans Better application of the principles if
IWRM by all stakeholders Good education and public awareness
on all issues concerning the management of the Basin
Research and studies
Application of IWRM
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
116
The NWRMP has been designed to ensue that the NP 1995 is reviewed and updated
Provide reliable water services based on IWRP principles to achieve sufficiency safety sustainability effectiveness and efficiency
All stakeholders highly involved for a better water resources management and improved socio-economic development of Nigeria
Conclusion
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
-
117
Thank you
Appreciation
- NWRMP The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Wa
- What is NWRMP
- Top Plan and Policy for MP2013
- NWRMP principle Cont
- Objective of the Project
- Framework of MP2013
- List of Projects proposed in NWRMP
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Stakeholder
- Why stakeholder participation in water management
- Benefits from Stakeholder participation
- Identification of key stakeholders
- Identification of key stakeholders (2)
- Categories of stakeholders
- Stakeholder functions in WR management
- Government as a stakeholder
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip
- Who are the water stakeholders (Nigeria Example)
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Categories of stakeholders (2)
- Stakeholder functions in Water management
- Government as a stakeholder (2)
- What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder particip (2)
- Stakeholders participation
- Zimbabwe institutional arrangements
- Stakeholder mobilisation
- Stakeholder participation
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- National Case Study Hadejia-Jamarsquoare Komadugu Yobe Basin
- Slide 42
- Map of the Area
- Basic Information
- Major Use of water in the Basin
- Development of Dams
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges
- HJKYBrsquos Water Challenges (Contrsquod)
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Framework for Appropriate Institutional Arrangements (Contrsquod)
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Closing Remarks
- Impacts
- Regulation of Water Flow
- Regulation of Water Flow (2)
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Local kaduna River Pollution
- Kaduna River
- Kaduna Pollution Drains
- Pollution Status of the River
- Fig 1 Map of Nigeria showing Kaduna State
- Fig 2 Kaduna River Water Course
- Fig 3 Kaduna River amp Its Tributaries area in the City simplif
- Fig 4 Plate 1-Kakuri Drain (KKD) Highly Polluted Caustic and
- Fig 5 Plate 2 Makera Drain (MKD)
- Fig 6 Plate 3 By Pass Junction
- Fig 7 Plate 4 Nasarawa Drain
- Fig 8 Plate 5 Pollution Organic Wastes from IBBI Factory dra
- Fig 9 Plate 5B Visible Malt Wastes discharge from IBBO
- Fig 10 Plate 6 Anoxic Stretch at the Kaduna Polytechnic
- Fig 11 Plate 6Foam discharging into River Kaduna
- Fig 12 Plate 7 Handdug well in the Area
- Conflict of InterestStakeholders
- National Bakolori Irrigation Project
- Justification for the Dam
- Historical Background
- Map of the Bakolori Dam Project
- More Facts on New Dam
- Conflict listing
- After Construction of Dam
- Social Crisis at Bakolori
- Farmers Response
- Statersquos Response
- Conflict Resolution
- Regional Case Study Chad Basin
- Lake Chad Basin
- Facts on Lake Chad
- Efforts in solving problems of Lake Chad
- Focused Issues
- Major threat to the Chad Basin
- Water and Land management challenges
- Challenges Cont
- Challenges Cont (2)
- Chad over the years
- Chad Basin 1960-2006
- Conflict Resolution Issues
- Regional Level
- Regional Level (2)
- Application of IWRM
- Conclusion
- Appreciation
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