nwppa presentation 2015 smart grid.pptx [read-only] · load control in addition to retrieval of...

NWPPA An Industry Overview Presented by: Edward Kobeszka,Vice President Sales, Western U.S.

51st Yr. 2015

Agenda• Industry Overview• AMI Architectures• Wide Area Networks• Smart Grid

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Looking at the Industry From Beginning to End

A Simplistic ViewReality

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NERCNorth American Electric Reliability Corporation

Where NERC would like to see the industry go!

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Industry OverviewNo. of Utilities in the US ~ 3,262

2006 are Municipalities873 are Cooperatives193 are Investor Owned181 are Power Marketers9 are Federal Organizations

No. of Customer in the US ~ 145M

21M are Municipalities19M are Cooperatives98M are Investor Owned6M are Power Marketers38K are Federal Organizations

Source APPA 2013‐2014 Annual Directory and Statistical Report

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AMI and the

Smart Grid

•Advanced Metering

AMI Penetration by Utility Class

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Ownership Cooperatives Political Subdivision Investor Owned Utility Municipal Entities Federal and State Utility 2006 Survey 3.8% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2%2008 Survey 16.4% 2.2% 2.7% 4.9% 1.1%2010 Survey 24.7% 20.3% 6.6% 3.6% 0.7%2012 Survey 30.9% 29.4% 25.0% 12.4% 3.6%

FERC 2012 Assessment of AMI

The IOU Electric Meter Market is 68% of the total market representing 98M endpoints

Based on the 2011 On World survey, 54% of the market is deployed or in deployment

The Muni Electric Meter Market is 14.6% of the total market representing 21M endpoints

• APPA numbers show 116 of the electric Muni’s include Water representing 5.6 M unique customers

Cooperatives make up about 12.9% of the total US electric market

• The majority of the open Cooperative market is in AMR to AMI replacements

AMI Penetration by Region

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FRCC ‐ Florida Reliability Coordinating CouncilMRO ‐Midwest Reliability OrganizationNPCC ‐ Northeast Power Coordinating Council RFC – Reliability First Corporation SERC ‐ SERC Reliability CorporationSPP ‐ Southwest Power PoolTRE ‐ Texas Reliability EntityWECC ‐Western Electricity Coordinating Council


AMI Penetration by State

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Num

ber o

r Meters

Pene

tration


Industry AMR Deployment

Basic AMR Components

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Industry AMI Deployment

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ANSI C12‐18, C12‐19, C12‐22, IPV6

AMI Data Collection Statistics

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AMI Data Usage

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AMI Provides

• Improved Load Forecasting• Outage Assessment• Improved Customer Service

• Happier PUCs, Utility Boards, Mayors• Price Responsive Demand Response• Service Reconnect / Disconnect• Revenue Assurance• Power Quality

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FERC’s definition

• Advanced Meters:• Meters that measure and record usage data at hourly intervals or

more frequently, and provide usage data to both consumers and energy companies at least once daily.

• Data are used for billing and other purposes.• Advanced meters include basic hourly interval meters, meters

with one‐way communication, and real‐ time meters with built‐in two‐way communication capable of recording and transmitting instantaneous data.

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AMI Competitive Architecture

•Advanced Metering•Competitive Network

Architecture

RF Based AMI Solutions

1. Point to Point• Cellular, Sensus, Aclara

2. Mesh• Itron, L+G, Trilliant, Elster, Silver Spring, On Ramp, Cannon Eka

But there is a hybrid model• Tantulus

POP’s are located at sub-stations, radio towers, local utility infrastructure

Meters transmit to repeaters, data concentrators or to each other

Many frequencies using licensed or unlicensed spectrum, but only two basic models.

RF – Sensus “Flexnet” Point to Point Tower based Architecture:

Frequency900 MHz Licensed

Powerful End PointUp to 3 Watts

HAN CapableThrough Zigbee

Demand ControlPTCMeter Remote Disconnect

Distribution AutomationDirect Protocol transfer2nd licensed channel

Point to Point Tower based Architecture:

Frequency:450Mhz LicensedIdeal Propagation and range

Powerful End Point:Up to 2 Watts

Gas Water and Elect (new)

High Sensitivity Receivers

Long Range Data CollectionReceivers

Demand Control:Meter Remote Disconnect

Aclara Star® Network Architecture

RF – Itron “OpenWay” Mesh Architecture: Self discovering, self healing, auto adapting

FrequencyUnlicensed 902-918 MHz

Open and ScalableIPV6 addressing , C12.22

Backhaul Options (GPRS, Ethernet, BPL,Wi-Fi, Cisco IPv6, etc.)

1000 Endpoints per collection point

HAN/Water/GAS:Through Zigbee

Demand ControlPTCMeter Remote Disconnect

RF – SilverSpring Networks Mesh Architecture: Self discovering, self healing, auto adapting

Frequency:Unlicensed 900 MHz

Open and Scalable:IPv6 to Every Endpoint Security:

256 AES encryption

Powerful End Point:1 watt FHSS


Demand Control:PTCMeter Remote Disconnect

RF – L+G Gridstream

Host System

Multiple Network options (fiber, Cable, Modem, etc.)

Take-Out-Point

Residential Electric meters with mesh technology

Reclosers

Switches

Sectionalizers

Capacitor Bank

Additional 3rd Party Applications (CIS, Outage Management, DA, etc.)

Residential Products:•Remote Disconnect•Smart Thermostat •Load Control

C&I Electric meters Integrated with mesh technology

Take-Out-Point

Mesh Architecture: Dynamic Routing, Self Healing

Frequency:Unlicensed 900 MHz Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping

Powerful Pole Top Routers:1 watt FHSS

GPS Registered Endpoints

Hosted or Utility Owned


Demand Control: PTC,Meter Remote Disconnect

RF – Trilliant SecureMeshMesh Architecture: Self Healing, Self Discovering

Frequency: Unlicensed 2.4 GHz Frequency

Standards Based:Uses C12.22 protocol

IPV6 Addressing

IP Based Backhaul:Using CellReader Devices

Powerful End Points: 250 mW & 1 W



WAN/MAN (Metro Area)•CDMA/1xRTT, GSM/GPRS,iDEN

•WiMAX•Ethernet•Fiber•Phone

LAN/SAN (Sensor Area)•IEEE 802.15.4 (AMI sensor mesh)•WiFi (non-AMI services)

Enterprise•Any Enterprise IP Net•VPN Carriers Services•Internet

One-to-ManyServer Networks

One-to-Many IP-Networks

Many-to-Many Peer-to-Peer

Networks

Home Area(demand response)

Personal Area (ad hoc connections)Access

Points

RF – Elster EnergyAxisMesh Architecture: Self discovering, self healing, auto adapting

Frequency:Unlicensed 900 MHz

End Point:250 mWatt FHSS

Collector is an A3 MeterEach can connect to ~ 1000endpoints

Backhaul:Cellular, POTS



RF – Tantalus “TUNet” Hybrid Point to Point / Mesh Architecture

Frequencies:220 MHz from Tower to Collector, unlicensed 900 MHz (Itron) in LAN

Coverage:20 Mile radius per Tower antenna

Alternate WANs:WiMAX, WiFi, Cellular

Collector:Can connect to 100-250 Endpoints

Mesh:Each Endpoint can make 15 hops



Collector Socket

“Shark Fin”

Public Networks

2G, 3G, 4G cellular networks are growing as costs to deploy decrease

• Industry players are AT&T, Sprint, Verizon and others• Smart Synch (Itron) utilizes cellular for full AMI deployments (Consumers

Power)• Other vendors include Metrum(Aclara), Tantalus, Concert (L+G)• LTE and the 700Mhz D band will provide more players

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Cellular Technologies

2G and 3G ‐ ‐ Contention Based Networks (End of Life next 7‐10 years)4G ‐ ‐ Promise of Connection Based Network with guaranteed quality of service, WiMAX, LTE, HSPA

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Broadband Over Power Line, BPL or DLC

• Modulates Radio Waves on the Power Line 30 to 300MHz• Pushed or Pulled from the Primary Distribution Voltages at POPs• Often uses a last mile RF solution or WiFi link•Echelon – Modulated 40kHz frequency on low voltage network•Popular AMI deployment technology in Europe and Asia

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Power Line Carrier (PLC)

• L+G - TS1 • VLF one way AMR system, typically 27hrs for full data packet

• L+G - TS2 • Two way network , frequency modulated outbound, faster inbound .

Not backwards compatible with TS1• Cooper/Eaton Cannon

• Frequency modulated sine wave, faster than TS1 and TS2 with more bandwidth but requires filters and repeaters along the network.

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Power Line Carrier – Eaton Emetcon‐Technology developed by ABB ‐ Capacitive Injection of signal ‐ backhaul packet based

>Transmit frequencies 9.6 kHz and 12.5 kHz

• Retrieves all meter information available, including power quality

• Demand Response, Distribution Automation: Capacitor Control, Outage Management, Recloser Control, Voltage Regulator Control, residential Load Control in addition to retrieval of Meter data

• Cannon Claims: Few Repeaters, Couplers, or Collectors• No Problems Typical with RF Solutions• The fastest PLC AMR system (5X nearest competitor)This speed allows “fast” outage / restoration verification

• Never requires more than one substation injector/receiver / sub• Cannon uses a low power injector & meter modulesSo, reads are never “locked out” due to meters heating up

Power Line Carrier – Gridstream PLX

– PLX meter endpoints are direct register read and field upgradeable.

• 15-minute interval kWh or voltage data delivered continuously from every meter

• 45 days of interval data storage at the meter• Remote updating of module firmware• Four adjustable time-of-use rates within multiple

schedules and holiday rates• Minimum and maximum voltage reads with time of

occurrence by phase

‐ Owned by L+G‐ Injection / Extraction of signal at Substations ‐ backhaul any packet based technology

‐ Transmits rom 970‐1000Hz using FSK modulation of 60 Hz carrier

‐ Slow PLC systems (~ 126 to 246 bits/day/meter)

•Two-way power line communications• Injects pulses at the zero cross of the 60 Hz sine wave creating binary code

that is heard by ALL end devices connected to the distribution grid. • 8 sec power line time for on-demand reads

•Requires no tuning, filters or repeaters.•Data collection equipment resides in the substation utilizing standard utility grade equipment•Register based reads direct from the meter

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Aclara TWACS Power Line System (PLS)

Utility Specific Wide Area Networks

• Public Cellular Networks – 2G, 3G, 4G LTE Cellular technology.• Microwave and Satellite • Private IP based fiber and coaxial • CISCO - IPV6 Based WAN (Licensed by Itron)• WiMax

• IP based, wireless broadband access technology that provides performance similar to 802.11/Wi-Fi networks with the coverage and QOS (quality of service) of cellular networks.

• MDS • Digital Wireless point to point radios typically spread spectrum frequency

hopping in the 900 Mhz range and licensed based •On-Ramp Wireless - 2.4Ghz Solutions for NAN and WAN including AMI

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A Strategy to Move Beyond AMI

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Why move beyond AMI

• Smart Grid Applications will provide– More Data equals More Information– Better Reliability– Utilities the ability to replace an aging workforce with pre‐emptive and

proactive maintenance through workforce management.– Asset protection, reduced/delayed capital expenditures

• Future Energy Policy Acts will move requirements beyond EPACT –2005

• Commoditizing of the end‐point– Standards based protocols (i.e. ANSI C12.18, C12.19, C12.22)

• The merging of energy efficiency, demand response, and energy management will drive data management, Home Area Networks.

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ADMS

HAN

Smart Grid Initiative

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ADMS

EPACT‐05/07 & GridWorks 2030• Drives the need for an evolving energy market by:

– Creating a Self‐Healing Grid (FDIR/FLISR)

– Enterprise integration– Empowering and Incorporating the Consumer– Becoming Tolerant of a Security Attack– Providing Power Quality through monitoring and control– Accommodating a Wider Variety of Generation– Fully Enabling Electricity Markets– Optimizing Asset Utilization – (i.e. Volt/Var solutions, Real time

load flow correction, etc)

• DOE GridWorks 2030 will drive SmartGrid development by:– Spending $450B over the next 20 years on electric infrastructure

in an effort just to meet growth requirements

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Office of Electric Transmission and DistributionGridWorks 2030

• Three Key Areas of Interest

– Cables and Conductors» This activity seeks to improve electric reliability and delivery efficiency. Embedded sensors provide remote diagnostics, operational functionality, and maintenance.

– Substations and Protective Systems» This activity seeks to improve electric reliability by enhancing security and standardization of substations and components. Focusing on advanced transformers, breakers, and fault current limiters.

– Power Electronics» This activity seeks to improve electric reliability by developing new devices that provide grid operators with greater feedback and flexibility.

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Demand Side Management (DR)

Reasons to expand or develop DR Programs

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The BIGGER Picture

Home Area NetworkDemand ResponseAMICustomer PresentmentAsset Management

Commercial Area Network (BEN)Demand ResponseAMIEnergy ManagementCustomer PresentmentAsset Management

Distribution AutomationLine SwitchesLoad ManagementLine VoltageRemote SubstationsFCIs and Current Sensors

SecurityMonitoring

Field AnalysisReal-time Monitoring

Distribution AutomationCap-Bank ControlVoltage RegulatorsLine VoltagePower Quality/ReliabilityReclosersFault ConditionCurrent Sensing

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Automation Strategy

• Smart Grid Automation– Outage Avoidance – Power Reliability

• Load Profiling and Monitoring• Smart End‐Point – event auto detect• Advanced data routing and analysis

– Self‐Healing• Improved Asset Management capabilities• Automated Grid Switching• Meter provides voltage as sensing device• Transformer Load Management / Sensing• Grid Event Detection and Location• Conditional or Rules‐based crew dispatching• Grid Health or Heartbeat Monitoring

– Advanced Metering System or Infrastructure• AMR and Demand Monitoring• Prepay, Energy Efficiency, and Demand management• Real‐time or Peak base rates

– Improved Asset Utilization– Data Analysis– Asset Management– Utility Data Portals for

• Engineering• Planning• Customer Service• Metering• Distribution• Energy Forecast/Sales

– ISO Portals for• Load Monitoring• Substation Loading• Demand Response• Data Verification

– Improved Reliability• AMI

– Electric/Gas/H2O– Demand Response– Load Aggregation– HAN– CAN– Distribution Automation

• Distribution / Transmission Automation– Substation Automation– Distribution Automation– NOC – Distribution Engineering– Diagnostics and Monitoring

– Improved Consumer Satisfaction– Easier Regulatory Compliance

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EDWARD KOBESZKAVICE PRESIDENT SALES, WESTERN [email protected]

nwppa presentation 2015 smart grid.pptx [read-only] · load control in addition to retrieval of...

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