nutshell… · web view · 2016-05-12they will learn the process and tools that the ojibwe...

Nature’s Candy

Grades: 5th and 6th Grade

NutshellIn this lesson, students will learn the natural and cultural history of maple sugar and syrup in Wisconsin. They will learn the process and tools that the Ojibwe people used when tapping for syrup as well as experience the physically demanding nature of this process.

Learning OutcomesStudents will be able to:

Explain the importance of maple syrup for Native American tribes in Wisconsin

Identify at least 2 historical tools used for sap collection

Understand the ratio for sap to syrup production

Materials The Story of the Maple Tree Maple and birch “Sap to Syrup” ropes 40 Gallons of Sap to 1 Gallon of Syrup diagram 2 Yolks Quart size container 2 White 10 Gallon Buckets with handles First Aid Kit Sap collection tools: Bucket, Filter and Spile Maple Facts Popsicle sticks for taste testing Real Maple Syrup and Mrs. Butterworth’s Sugar Free Maple Syrup Pictures of Maple Syrup process for relay race

Learning StationTeaching the history of maple syrup and sugar in the state of Wisconsin could be done in any building at CWES. To demonstrate the ratio of sap to syrup, I’d encourage you to build a fire down at the fire ring with a pot of boiling water. Here you can demonstrate the process while getting them outside. This lesson plan is very flexible on the teaching location and can be adapted to meet the group’s needs.

IntroductionPrior to teaching this lesson, you should become familiar with the tools the Ojibwe used for collecting sap, the current tools used for sap collection, and the history behind sap collection Review all the activities and stories is also a good idea before teaching the lesson. This will allow you to be informed, excited and comfortable when getting the students involved.

Central Wisconsin Environmental Station University of Wisconsin ~ Stevens Point

10186 County Road MM ~ Amherst Junction, WI 54407Lesson Revised 01/15/14

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ActivitiesNative Americans and the Origin of Maple Syrup: – Outcome # 1There are multiple Native American myths that explain how maple syrup came to be or why tapping for sap was started. Does anyone know the difference between myths and stories, fairy tales or legends? Myths are different than stories, folk tales, legends, and tall tales. Myths help explain how or why something in nature or a cultural practice came into being. Pick your favorite myth and think you how can relay the hidden message. Tapping trees was important for Native American tribes in Wisconsin and is still a very important part of culture for Wisconsinites today. This story will be told around the fire in order to get them engaged and excited about the lesson.

Sap to Syrup Ratio Demonstration: – Outcome #3Before class began, a fire should have been started with a pot of water being tended to as it heats up. After your story about why Maple trees produce syrup, this will serve as a demonstration as to how much sap it takes in order to produce syrup. As steam begins to raise this would be a good time to discuss how the sap evaporates, liquid changing to a gas. Our pot of sap is starting to steam, what does that steam tell us? A 10 gallon pot will be heating up which would make 1 quart of syrup. You can then have a quart size container as a visual. This would be an appropriate time to review the diagram and have them test carrying a 10 gallon container of water to see how much work goes into this process.

History of tapping Maple trees in Wisconsin: – Outcome # 1 & 2 In this activity you will explain the history behind collection, uses of the syrup and sugar, and how tapping trees became an important part of Wisconsin culture. Many Native American tribes moved were nomadic meaning they traveled from place to place carrying their belongings. Why might it be beneficial for a tribe to move around each season? One reason the Ojibwe moved each spring was to set up camp in the Sugarbush, or Sisibakwatokan. A sugarbush is a part of the forest that is primarily made up of Sugar Maple trees. This allowed them to be close their valued resource as they tapped the trees in the forest. They had a unique process for sap collection that in a way is similar to what we do today. They would cut, bend and tie birch bark sheets to make a structure and would tie birch bark sheets to the saplings as a covering. Then, a small hatchet mark was put into the tree that allowed a hand carved wood chip to be inserted into the hole. This then directed the sap flow into a birch bark pan for collection. After a number of nights letting the sap freeze, which removed a lot of the water, the sap was collected and moved into large birch bark containers called Makuks. If available, this would be an appropriate time to show them a small version of a Makuk as a visual aid. If you have a spile, bucket and lid, showing each tool as you discuss the historical tool would be a good way to compare the collection methods. They then added heated stones that made the sap boil which removed the last of the water and created the thick syrup we all like today. Some the sap would boil so long that it changed into a granulated sugar, similar to brown sugar, which allowed for easy transportation and a large quantity to be saved for future consumption. Almost all of the syrup and sugar that was produced and saved was consumed over the course of the winter. With the settlement of French and French Canadians in the late 1600’s fur traders, maple syrup and sugar became a



Nature’s Candy

useful bartering tool for a variety of goods. This was the start of commercial market involving Maple syrup and sugar. In the late 1800’s maple syrup production became and industry in which Wisconsin ranked among the top sugar producing states. This syrup production tradition has carried on today and is an important part of Wisconsin’s heritage. There are many festivals around the state that get folks out to tap and learn about producing maple syrup.

Relay Race: – Outcome # 2 & 3Using a yolk with bucket handles balanced on each side, the groups will carry the partially filled the buckets. If you need the activity to be a little easier you can fill it to the proper sap to syrup ratio for that bucket and for a challenge you can add a little extra depending on the group. If needed, you can also tie the handles to the yolk if working with younger ages. Explain the rules to the entire group and demonstrate carrying the buckets. Explain that this was the way sap was transported historically and ask if after trying to lift the 10 gallon bucket of water at the beginning of class, if they think they could carry 2 of those on the shoulders. After breaking into teams, explain that they will have to each have a turn carrying the buckets from point A to B. At point B, there will be cards that they have to pick up a card that says one of the steps in the Ojibwe sugaring process. After collecting all eight cards, they will then arrange them in order and the first team to raise their hands with the correct order will win. This outline to this game is similar to chilly critters and can be played in the coral or outside Walker Lodge.

Blind Taste Test (Optional Activity)Many students have not had pure maple syrup or may even prefer the processed ones from a bottle. Using Popsicle sticks have students try each and guess which one they think is which. I would advise doing this final activity outside to avoid sticky floors and making a mess. This activity could be used to wrap up and lead into you conclusion. Which syrup do you prefer? Why? Inform them of which is which and then lead into you conclusion.

ConclusionSyrup production has always been an important part of Wisconsin history. Each spring, Native American tribes tapped trees for sap and produce syrup and sugar. Eventually this natural candy become a good bartering tool and years later the pioneers even started tapping their own maple trees. The tradition of tapping Sugar Maple trees here in Wisconsin goes way back and still continues today with many folks learning how to tap their own trees at festivals around the state. Share that in a few weeks they will be tapping trees here at CWES. Do you feel more prepared for the process after today? Would you want to tap trees in your own backyard? Can anyone share with me some of the tools Native Americans used to collect sap? If I had 40 gallons of syrup, how many gallons of sap would get from that? These are some sample questions that can be used to evaluate the learning that happened. Encourage the teaching staff to use this time to reinforce positive student behavior at this time. Thank them for being a great class and lead them to the next lesson, game break or meal.



Nature’s Candy

Resources

http://www.agclassroom.org/ny/resources/pdf/activities/sugar.pdf

http://www.agclassroom.org/ny/programs/pdf/literacy/lesson08_exploring.pdf

http://www.wismaple.org/maple-stats/

http://www.d.umn.edu/~tbates/curricularesources/MapleSyruping/Sugarbushactivitypacket.pdf

http://lenapenation.org/The%20Story%20of%20the%20Maple%20Tree.pdf

http://ediblemadison.com/articles/view/sweet

This lesson was authored by: _Brandon Trapp____This lesson was created on: ___2.28.16___ Additional materialsIn this section, paste any worksheets and lesson materials that are used in the lesson. If photos of lesson materials are available, paste them into this section with a brief description as well.

Relay Race Order

1. Move to sugarbush2. Set up camp3. Make hatchet marks in maple trees4. Insert wood chip into hatchet marks in trees5. Remove ice from sap in bark containers6. Transfer sap from small to larger bark containers7. Boil sap by using hot rocks8. Eat fresh maple9. Store sugar in Makuks for summer, fall and winter use



http://ediblemadison.com/articles/view/sweet

http://lenapenation.org/The%20Story%20of%20the%20Maple%20Tree.pdf

http://www.d.umn.edu/~tbates/curricularesources/MapleSyruping/Sugarbushactivitypacket.pdf

http://www.wismaple.org/maple-stats/

http://www.agclassroom.org/ny/programs/pdf/literacy/lesson08_exploring.pdf

http://www.agclassroom.org/ny/resources/pdf/activities/sugar.pdf

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Nature’s Candy

MAPLE FACTS

Pure maple syrup is only made on a commercial scale in North America – nowhere else in world.

Maple syrup is generally produced in the states and provinces that surround the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River to the Atlantic Ocean.

Maple sap is collected in the early spring, when temperatures get below freezing at night and above freezing during the day.

It takes approximately 40 gallons of maple sap from the trees to make one gallon of pure maple syrup.

Nothing is added to the sap, only water is evaporated away, to make pure maple syrup.

Once concentrated to the correct density, pure maple syrup is filtered and “hot pack”- bottled.

A tree large enough to tap can be re-tapped year after year, although a new tap hole must be drilled each season.

Each tap can yield up to 10+ gallons of sap per season on a gravity system, resulting in approximately one quart of finished syrup.

Vacuum collection systems will yield approximately twice the sap of a gravity system.

Pure maple syrup is a great natural food. It contains no preservatives, colorings or other additives.

A gallon of maple syrup weighs 11 pounds compared to 8 pounds for a gallon of water.

There are three classes of Grade-A pure maple syrup as set by the USDA: Light Amber, Medium Amber and Dark Amber.



Nature’s Candy

Native American Myth

Manabozho and the Maple Trees A very long time ago, when the world was new, Gitchee Manitou made things so that life was very easy for the people. There was plenty of game and the weather was always good and the maple trees were filled with thick sweet syrup. Whenever anyone wanted to get maple syrup from the trees, all they had to do was break off a twig and collect it as it dripped out. One day, Manabozho went walking around. "I think I'll go see how my friends the Anishinabe are doing," he said. So, he went to a village of Native American people. But, there was no one around. So Manabozho looked for the people. They were not fishing in the streams or the lake. They were not working in the fields hoeing their crops. They were not gathering berries. Finally, he found them. They were in the grove of maple trees near the village. They were just lying on their backs with their mouths open, letting maple syrup drip into their mouths. "This will NOT do!" Manabozho said. "My people are all going to be fat and lazy if they keep on living this way." So, Manabozho went down to the river. He took with him a big basket he had made of birch bark. With this basket, he brought back many buckets of water. He went to the top of the maple trees and poured water in, so that it thinned out the syrup. Now, thick maple syrup no longer dripped out of the broken twigs. Now what came out was thin and watery and just barely sweet to the taste. "This is how it will be from now on," Manabozho said. "No longer will syrup drip from the maple trees. Now there will only be this watery sap. When people want to make maple syrup they will have to gather many buckets full of the sap in a birch bark basket like mine. They will have to gather wood and make fires so they can heat stones to drop into the baskets. They will have to boil the water with the heated stones for a long time to make even a little maple syrup. Then my people will no longer grow fat and lazy. Then they will appreciate this maple syrup Gitchee Manitou made available to them. Not only that, this sap will drip only from the trees at a certain time of the year. Then it will not keep people from hunting and fishing and gathering and hoeing in the fields. This is how it is going to be," Manabozho said. And, that is how it is to this day.

The Story of the Maple Tree Told by Bob Red Hawk Many, many moons ago one of the most beautiful trees around was the maple. And its roots reached deep into the earth and its branches reached high in the heavens. But at one time, a large group of bugs crawled into the maple’s bark. And it was itching the maple. It was driving the maple tree crazy. Cause even though the maple tree had many branches and shoots and roots it could not bend down and reach all parts of itself. So it called out to all its friends in the animal kingdom. It called out and said “Can someone please give me some relieve from all this itching.”



Nature’s Candy

So the beaver said “Well maple tree I can probably do it, but if I start chewing on your bark it’ll probably kill you. So that would not help you that much.” And then the little mouse said “Maple tree I can dig down into your roots and get my brothers the voles and the moles and the gophers but we’ll end up starting to kill your roots and that will kill you.” So then the bear said “Well maple tree I have these nice big claws I could start clawing at your bark but that will probably shred you up.” So then they are all trying to think. Finally one of the birds was flying by and it was a flicker. And the flicker said “Well maple tree I have a cousin. How about I get all these guys to come and their beaks are sharp and they can dig in you but they won’t hurt you.” So they called all of his woodpecker friends and they flew over and started pecking at the tree and got all the bugs out of him. The tree was so happy. And everything was going along nicely and all of a sudden for a couple of years there was very little rain. It got very dry and all of the animals were getting very thirsty. The creeks and rivers had all dried up and they did not know where to go. They were all bemoaning the fact and the maple tree heard them. And the maple tree said “You know the animals helped me the time I was suffering from all those bugs biting me I have an idea.” So he called to his friend the flicker again. And said “Flicker you helped me in my time of need I want to help you. Call up your woodpecker buddies again.” So they call the woodpecker buddies. And the maple tree said “Now I want you to peck deep into my bark and then wait for a second and soon some of my sap will run out and you can slake your thirst by drinking my sap.” So the woodpeckers tried it. And when they did the sap flowed from the maple tree. And that gift saved everybody until the next rain came and they were able to drink from the creeks again. And it was from that gift from the maple to the animals that man learned how to make maple syrup and how to tap those maple trees when the sap runs. Maple syrup was precious because man could make something sweet especially in the winter time when there were not berries to pick and no sweet things to eat. That was the time when we really appreciated the gift of the maple tree.

Notes



Nature’s Candy

Potential vocabulary words should be bolded. All lessons should be written in New Times Roman font. Headings are in a 14 point bold font, and text is in a 12 point font. Any lists, such as the learning outcomes or materials should be bulleted. The Header with lesson name is in a bold 20 point Papyrus font. The Footer is in a 10 point New Times Roman font. Put any potential vocabulary words in a bold font Each activity should match one of the objectives in the lesson

Common Learning Outcome Action VerbsCognitive Level Illustrative Verbs

Knowledgearrange, define, describe, duplicate, identify, label, list, match, memorize, name, order, outline, recognize, relate, recall, repeat, reproduce, select, state

Comprehension

classify, convert, defend, discuss, distinguish, estimate, explain, express, extend, generalize, give example(s), identify, indicate, infer, locate, paraphrase, predict, recognize, rewrite, report, restate, review, select, summarize, translate

Applicationapply, change, choose, compute, demonstrate, discover, dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, manipulate, modify, operate, practice, predict, prepare, produce, relate schedule, show, sketch, solve, use write

Analysis

analyze, appraise, breakdown, calculate, categorize, classify, compare, contrast, criticize, derive, diagram, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, identify, illustrate, infer, interpret, model, outline, point out, question, relate, select, separate, subdivide, test

Synthesis

arrange, assemble, categorize, collect, combine, comply, compose, construct, create, design, develop, devise, explain, formulate, generate, plan, prepare, propose, rearrange, reconstruct, relate, reorganize, revise, rewrite, set up, summarize, synthesize, tell, write

Evaluationappraise, argue, assess, attach, choose, compare, conclude, contrast, defend, describe, discriminate, estimate, evaluate, explain, judge, justify, interpret, relate, predict, rate, select, summarize, support, value

Lesson Plan Grading Rubric



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Standards to meet all expectations Potential Points

Points Earned

Lesson Structure:Followed the lesson plan template and structure (1)Titled the lesson (1)Entered the audience grade level (1)Bolded key definitions (1)Used proper grammar without spelling mistakes (1)Labeled each activity with a learning outcome (1)

6

General Content:Gave a brief summary of the lesson (1)Listed measureable learning outcomes using “illustrative verbs” (2)Listed all materials needed for the lesson (1)Offered a learning station for the lesson (1)Authored and dated the lesson (1).

6

Specific Content:Developed a creative introduction (2)Wrote out clear explanations of multiple activities in a way that could be replicated by other educators (6)Displayed activities that relate to the learning outcomes (2)Included sample questions that you will use in your discussion with students (2)Developed a unique summative conclusion (2)

14

Additional Content:Included any resources referenced for the lesson plan (2)Included all additional materials created or borrowed for the lesson (2)

4

Score: 30Deductions for turning in a late Lesson Plan:After deadline between 12:00pm-5:00pm: minus 2 pointsAfter deadline between 5:00pm-8:00am: minus 4 pointsAfter deadline between 8:00am and 4:00pm: minus 6 pointsAfter deadline between 4:00pm and time of teaching lesson: 8 points

Lesson Plans are due at noon 2 days before the day of teaching the lesson. The Practicum Director will grade the lesson with a score and use “track changes” to

offer suggestions for improvement. A Lesson Plan may be updated with corrections and resubmitted within 2 days of

teaching the lesson.



nutshell… · web view · 2016-05-12they will learn the process and tools that the ojibwe...

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