nutrition foundation of indianutritionfoundationofindia.org/nnp/dr_m_s_swaminathan.pdf · dr c...

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NFI-NNP SYMPOSIUM JUNE 2008

Nutrition Foundation of India

Symposium onNational Nutrition Policy: Essential Elements

New Delhi, 27 June 2008

Nutrition Orientation of our Food Production Policies

Prof M S Swaminathan, FRSUNESCO Chair in Ecotechnology & Chairman

M S Swaminathan Research Foundation


Dr C Gopalan, FRS

Over six decades of service to Nutrition Sciences and Security


“To a people famishing and idle, the only acceptable form in which God can dare appear is work and promise of

food as wages”

Mahatma Gandhi


Need to provide Public Distribution

Facilities at NREGA sites


HungerChronicHiddenTransient

Food SecurityAvailabilityAccessAbsorption

Awareness – Analysis - Action

MSSRF / WFP : Food Insecurity Atlas


Mainstream the nutritional dimension

in National Horticulture Mission

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Nutritional Malady and Horticultural RemedySome Examples

Remedy:Rape LeavesCauliflowerAmaranthDrumstick leavesSpinachParsleyTurnip GreensCarrotTapioca chipsSweet PotatoYamRadish

Malady:Vitamins:

Vitamin AVitamin B ComplexVitamin C

MineralsIronIodineZincCopper


Targets for additional production (2007-11)

o 10 million tonnes of rice

o 8 million tonnes of wheat

o 2 million tonnes of pulses


Bridging the Yield Gap

Rashtriya KrishiVikas Yojana :

Rs.25,000 crores

The gap between potential and actual yields is as high as

300% in many dryland crops and tubers


World Commodity Prices January 2000 - May 2008

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Source: International Commodity Database of FAO, and US Energy Information Administration (data updated as on 21/05/2008)

Ever Rising Oil and

Commodity Prices

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8 0 0 0B C

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s e l e c t i o n

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n o l o g y

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1 9 6 5 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0N e wp l a n tt y p e

S e m i d w a r f s( I R 8 ) ( I R 7 2 )

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P r o g r e s s i n t h e y i e l d p o t e n t i a l o f r i c eP o t e n t i a l y i e l d ( t / h a )

Rice : Yield

Advances


Super Rice : Javanica – Indica Crosses (Potential : 10 t / ha)


Power of Innovative Genetic CombinationsTowards Super-Wheat (Potential : 10 t / ha)

Semi-dwarf with robust stem, broad leaves, large spikes with more number of grains per panicle and more grain weight. The Super-wheat architecture in the breeders’ assembly line, both at CIMMYT and AICWIP, is derived from a blend of Tetrastichon(Yugoslavia), Agrotriticum (Canada), Tetraploid Polonicum (Poland) Gigas(Israel), Morocco wheat (Morocco) and semi-dwarf wheats currently grown in India

Progress in science is a continuum


23 November 2007

o To improve the economic viability of farming by substantially increasing the net income of farmers and to ensure that agricultural progress is measured by advances made in their income

o To provide opportunities in adequate measure for non-farm employment for the farm households

o To introduce measures which can help to attract and retain youth in farming

o To make every scholar an entrepreneur

Goals


Nearly 75 million women and 15 million men are

involved in Dairy Enterprises in India. Ownership of

Livestock is more egalitarian

The real voyage of discovery does not consist of seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.

- Marcel Proust

Livestock and Livelihoods


Biomass – an under- utilized resource for enhancing

income, energy and work security

Non-farm Employment

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Orange-fleshed Sweetpotato


19 varieties of Yam in 4 species were in Cultivation (as of 2006) but less than 5 in rural market and none in urban market

Dioscorea alata1. Inchikachil I & II`2. Kuzhikavithu I3. Kuzhikavithu II4. Quintalkachil I 5. Quintalkachil II 6. Anakomban7. Kaduvakkayyan8. Urulan kachil9. Kuppathottikizhangu10. Elivalankachil11. Neendi/Veetukizhangu12. Vella kachil I & II13. Chorakachil/cherakachil/chuvappukachil/ Neela kachil I, II & IIIDioscorea esculenta14. Nanakizhangu15. Vella Enchi kachil16. Mullan KachilDioscorea rotundata17.Africankachil 18. ThoonankachiDioscorea bulbifera 19. Erachikachil/Adathappu

Life Saving Crops


VPKPS, Almora


Non QPM parent

QPM parent

50% opaque progeny

25% opaque progeny

Completely modified progeny

Progenies from BC3S2 generation of a cross between CM 145 (Non QPM) and CML 176 (QPM). 25% opaque endosperm lines contain elevated levels of tryptophan and lysine besides normal appearing kernel

MAS Products: Converted QPM inbred lines


High and stable β-carotene durum cultivar HI 8663 (Poshan)

o HI 8663 is a widely adapted genotype having 1.4 % to 28.4 % higher yield over checks.

o It can serve as a “Naturally Bio-fortified Health Food”because of its high and stable β-carotene (~ 6.5 ppm), high sedimentation value (35 ml), high protein content (11.6 %) and high levels of micronutrients.

IARI, Indore


5’-CCCAGT CACGACGTTG TAAAACGACG GCCAGTGAAT TGAATTTAGG

TGACACTATA GAAGAGCTAT GACGTCGCAT GCACGCGTAC GTAAGCTTGG

ATCCTCTAGA GCGGCCGCCC cDNA INSERT CGGACGCGT GGGTCGACCC

GGGAATTCCG GACCGGTACC TGCAGGCGTA CCAGCTTTCC CTATAGTGAG

TCGTATTAGA GCTTGGCGTA ATCATGGTCA TAGCTGTTTC CTGTGTGAAA

TTGTTATCCG CT-3’

cDNA INSERT

FERRITIN GENE ISOLATION from A.marinaA.marina cDNA library constructed in pSPORT1 vector at Not I and Sal I site by superscript Lambda system

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o Interdisciplinary, global alliance of research and implementing institutions

o Six staple food cropso Iron, zinc, pro-vitamin Ao Conventional breeding and exploratory

research in developing transgenic varietieso $95 million over 10 years; $50 in the first

four years

HarvestPlus: Biofortification Challenge Program


Indian Initiative on Crop Biofortification

CROPS

Rice WheatMaize

TRAITS

IronZincLow Phytase

APPROACH

• Germplasm screening

• Marker Assisted Selection

• Transgenics• Introgression to

locally adapted genotypes

Independent study on Bioavailability


Bhumia

Bonda

Kutia Kandha Paroja

Soura

Holders of Traditional Knowledge Some Tribes of Jeypore Tract of Orissa


Varietal DiversityMinimising Risk Rather than Maximising Yield


Medicinal Rice Varieties of Kerala


Equator Initiative Award was given to Orissa Group at Johannesburg in September 2002

Komala Pujari – Leader of the Community Food Security Movement

Poverty of the primary conservers in contrast to the prosperity of Nature

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The goal of the Biovalley is to promote biohappiness among tribal families through integrated attention to the conservation, sustainable use and equitable sharing of the bioresources of the area leading to health, work and income security. Conservation Farming will include steps for soil health enhancement, harvesting and efficient use of rain water and saving and using plants for saving lives and strengthening livelihoods.

Herbal Biovalley

Linking Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Business in a mutually reinforcing manner

Biovalley is to Biotechnology (BT), what Silicon Valley is to Information Technology (IT)


Biohappiness results from the conservation,

sustainable and equitable use of bioresources and the

blending of traditional knowledge with frontier

technology


Neglected Crops: Enlarging the Food Basket in PDS

o Time-Tested production and income stability under marginal and high-risk farming

o Contribution to local and regional food and income security

o Many crops are nutritionally rich to redress ‘hidden hunger’

o Neglect leading to loss of genetic diversity and associated traditional knowledge

o Opportunity to enhance sustainable income, food and nutritional security


Traditional Millet Grain Processing MethodsMSSRFMSSRF

o Very tediouso Time consuming o Done exclusively by women DEDE--HUSKIG OFHUSKIG OF

LITTLE & ITALIANLITTLE & ITALIANMILLETS BY MILLETS BY TRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL TEDIOUS MORTAR TEDIOUS MORTAR & PESTLE METHOD& PESTLE METHOD

FINGER MILLET MILLING BY FINGER MILLET MILLING BY TRADITIONAL TEDIOUS TRADITIONAL TEDIOUS

GRINDING STONEGRINDING STONE

Village Level Mechanised F.Millet Milling

oo Women are pleased with the changeWomen are pleased with the changeoo Promoted domestic consumptionPromoted domestic consumptionoo Facilitated value additionFacilitated value addition

oo Plate/roller type of milling machine Plate/roller type of milling machine oo Capacity to mill 30 Capacity to mill 30 -- 80 kg/day80 kg/dayoo Costing Costing -- Rs.30,000 [US $ 750]Rs.30,000 [US $ 750]

MSSRFMSSRF



Dying Wisdom and Vanishing Crops

Folk Songs of Kolli Hills,Tamil Nadu

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Evergreen Revolution : increasing productivity in perpetuity without associated ecological harm

Organic agriculture : cultivation without any use of chemical inputs like mineral fertilizers and chemical pesticidesGreen Agriculture : conservation farming with the help of integrated pest management, integrated nutrient supply and integrated natural resource management systems

Green Revolution : Commodity-centred increase in productivity

Change In plant architecture, and harvest indexChange in the physiological rhythm-insensitive tophotoperiodismLodging resistance

Sustainable Agriculture : Integration of Traditional Knowledge and Modern Science


Searching and Saving Green

Genes


National Biotechnology Regulatory Authority

“The bottom line of our national agricultural biotechnology policy should be the economic well being of farm families, food security of the nation, health security of the consumer, biosecurity of agriculture and health, protection of the environment and the security of national and international trade in farm commodities”

(M S Swaminathan Panel 2004)



Lathyrism – a neurological disease of humans and domestic animals characterized by spastic paralysis. This is attributed to the neurotoxin beta-

oxalyl-L-alpha, beta-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP)

Drought tolerant Lathyrus and Lathyrism


Somaclonal Variation in Lathyrus sativus

Low neuro-toxin varieties

(β-N-oxalyldiamino

propionic acid (ODAP)

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Our ability to achieve a paradigm shift from green to an ever-

green revolution and our ability to face the challenges of

global warming and sea level rise will depend upon our ability

to integrate traditional technologies and wisdom with frontier

science.

Knowledge is a Continuum


We must now turn to the one field which we have most neglected, the field of agricultureThe return to the land is essential to our salvation, and to win the fight against famine. If we train our youth to go back to the fields, they will be able to become mentors, leaders and role models to the village population.The problem is urgent in its call for a solution

Sri Aurobindo, 6 March 1908

Fast Expanding Population and Climate ChangeWe Have to Run Twice as Fast to Stay Where We Are

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