nutrition during childhood
DESCRIPTION
Nutrition during Childhood. Growth Nutrient needs Nutritional concerns Feeding skills Food preferences Division of feeding responsibility parents child School and nutrition Eating Pattern Messages. Growth. Period of _____________ (until adolescence) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Growth Nutrient needs Nutritional concerns Feeding skills Food preferences Division of feeding
responsibility» parents» child
School and nutrition Eating Pattern Messages
Nutrition during Childhood
Growth
Period of _____________(until adolescence)
Wide variations expected in rate of growth, body size, physical activity, nutrient intake
Once established, growth percentiles should track for _________________
BMI-for-age, however, should _______________
Nutrient Needs
1-3 YO 4-6 YO 7-10 YO
Kcal/kg/day
(102 90 70)
Kcal/day 1046 1742 2279
Pro/kg/d 1.1 0.95
Protein/d 13 g 19 g 34 g
0.95
Nutrient Needs
1-3 YO 4-8 YO 9-13 YO
Iron
Fiber
Zinc
Folic acid
Vit. D*
Calcium*
Vit. E
7 mg 10 mg 8 mg
19 g 25 g 31/26 g
3 mg
150 μg 200 μg
600 IU 600 IU 600 IU
5 mg 8 mg
300 μg
700 mg 1000 mg 1300 mg
6 mg 7 mg 11 mg
*National Academy of Sciences. (2011) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D, Institute of Medicine, November 2010. See www.iom.edu/vitaminD for more information.
Nutrient Needs
Energy» varies child-to-child
and day-to-day Protein» vegan children:
Calcium
________» wound healing, appetite,
immunity, growth Trace elements, vitamins
Nutrient Needs
Fat» Do NOT» 1-3 YO:» 4-18 YO:
Fiber» 14 g/1000 kc»
Fluids» since 1970s: _____ vs. sodas
and noncitrus juices» only ___% of school children
do not drink soda!!
Nutritional Concerns
Iron-deficiency anemia»more common:
» physical and mental development
» immune resistance Dental caries
Constipation
Nutritional Concerns
Lead poisoning
Food security
Food safety» smaller body size increases
risk
Overweight/obesity» steadily increasing since
1970s
Predictors of Overweight/Obesi
ty
gestational diabetes __________ obesity early (<5.5 YO)» lowest BMI ~4-6 YO
low lower ________ food restriction» forbidden foods and guilt
Characteristics of Overweight
Children
taller “older” bones earlier sexual maturity risks for obesity
consequences (chronic disease)» Type 2 diabetes
concerns with dieting start ever younger
What to do?
seek energy balance» support innate food regulation» physical activity
change habits as a family
focus on ________, not weight loss
Stages of Childhood
Stage Age Characteristics Feeding
SkillsToddler 1-3
Pre-schooler
3-5
Middle Child-hood
5-10
Preado-lescence
~9-12
Feeding Skills
most skills mature by» cup management » finger (pincer) grasp» less risk of
able to cut foods by
Food Preferences
“I like…”» :-) – :-( – :-|
» single foods»mixture of» temperature»mild flavors» colorful!» familiar
jags and rituals are
Children will eat Children are capable of
Children generally react negatively to new foods but
Parents can either support or disrupt their child’s food acceptance and regulation
Both ____________ and ____________ are harmful
Division of Feeding
Responsibility--Facts
select and buy appropriate food make and present meals regulate time of meals and snacks present food in appropriate form don’t be a short-order cook be realistic about portions don’t make dessert a reward keep mealtimes pleasant help child participate in meals help child feed if necessary maintain standards of behavior at
table
Tips for Parents
Miscellaneous
Vegetables» keep trying without fighting»model good intake
Adjust portion sizes smaller» ______ per year of age for f/v
Encourage calcium intake» remember alternatives to milk
Plan meals and snacks
School Considerations
Breakfast— Establish healthful lifestyles School meals» NSLP: nutrition, education
“Enemies” or “Allies”:» ____________________– competitive foods
» ____________________– follow guidelines
» ___________ opportunities– intake better if lunch is after
Recommendations/
Goals
DRIs for infants:» all are AIs
DRIs for other stages:»mix of AIs and RDAs
Healthy People 2010 goals» read lists in text
Eating Pattern Messages: 1-2
YOs
Encourage drinking from a cup
Let your child decide how much food to eat
Offer a fruit and/or vegetable at each meal and snack
Give your child whole milk until age two
Offer cheese, cereal, and fruit for snacks
Cut foods into pieces smaller than a dime to prevent choking
Eat meals together and talk
Eating Pattern Messages: 2-5
YOs
Switch to skim or 1% milk Let your child decide how
much food to eat Offer a fruit and/or vegetable at
each meal and snack Offer cheese, raisins,
cereal, and fruit for snacks Cut foods into pieces smaller
than a dime to prevent choking Offer foods at least 10 times
before deciding your child doesn’t like them
Encourage physical activity throughout the day
Eat meals together and talk