nutrition and weight control unit 1 mary smith manila high school
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Nutrition and Weight ControlNutrition and Weight ControlUnit 1 Mary Smith Manila High School
Objective 1.1Objective 1.1Define terms related to nutrition and weight control
Absorption Absorption
The passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into either the blood or tissue fluid surrounding the cells
Amino AcidAmino Acid
One of the building blocks of protein molecules
Appetite Appetite
A desire to eat
Calorie Calorie
A measurement of the amount of energy produced when food is burned by the body
In science it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of water 1.0 degrees Celsius
Deficiency DiseaseDeficiency Disease
A disease caused by the lack of a specific necessary element in the body
Examples include pellagra, rickets, anemia, goiter, kwashiorkor, nightblindness, and osteoporosis
Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus
Lack of or inability to use the hormone insulin, which results in the build up of glucose in the bloodstream
Digestion Digestion
The process by which the body breaks down food into useable nutrients
Fallacy Fallacy
A mistaken belief
Fat-Soluble VitaminsFat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins that are absorbed and transported by fats
Includes vitamins A, D, E, and K
Glucose Glucose
Type of simple sugarThe body’s primary energy source
and the only energy source for the brain and nervous system
The basic sugar molecule from which all other carbohydrates are built
Malnutrition Malnutrition
Poor nutrition over an extended period of time which can be caused by an inadequate diet
Metabolism Metabolism
The process by which living cells use nutrients in many chemical reactions that provide energy for vital processes and activities
Nutrient Nutrient
Chemical substances in food that help to maintain the body
Nutrition Nutrition
The study of nutrients and how they are used by the body
Obesity Obesity
Weighing 20% of more above desirable weight for height
In an adult, obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or more
Osteoporosis Osteoporosis
A condition caused by a calcium deficiency which resu8lts in porous, brittle bones and a loss of bone density
RDARDA
Recommended Daily AllowancesSuggested levels of nutrient intake to
meet the needs of most healthy people
Saliva Saliva
A mucus and enzyme-containing liquid secreted by the mouth that begins to break down starches and makes food easier to swallow
Taste BudsTaste Buds
Sensory organs located on various parts of the tongue
Trace ElementsTrace Elements
Elements or minerals needed in very small amounts
Vitamins Vitamins
Nutrients that don’t provide energy or build body tissue, but help regulate these and other body processes
Water-Soluble VitaminsWater-Soluble Vitamins
A vitamin, specifically vitamin C or one of the B complex vitamins, that dissolves in water
Are not stored in the body
Objective 1.2Objective 1.2Describe psychological, physiological, and environmental
reasons for eating
Why do we eat?Why do we eat?
Physical needsPhysical needs
NutrientsWellness
Psychological needsPsychological needs
SecurityBelongingEnjoyment
Social influencesSocial influences
CultureFamilyFriendsThe mediaAvailable resourcesTechnology
Personal influencesPersonal influences
LifestyleValues and prioritiesEmotions
Objective 1.3Objective 1.3Describe effects of nutrition on health and body mass
Nutrition throughout your lifeNutrition throughout your life
BMIBMI
Body mass indexCalculation of body weight and heightAdults with a BMI of 30 or above are
considered obeseAn estimate—not an appropriate
weight evaluation for everyone!
Objective 1.4Objective 1.4Identify food related health problems
Food-Related Health ProblemsFood-Related Health Problems
High Blood PressureSodium
Heart DiseaseExcessive fat esp saturated fats
Diabetes I and IISugars, glucose, insulin
Continued……..Continued……..
Lactose intolerance Milk and milk products
Food allergies Food sensitivities Obesity Underweight Malnutrition Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
Vitamin & Mineral DeficienciesVitamin & Mineral Deficiencies
Pellagra Rickets Anemia Goiter Kwashiorkor Night Blindness Osteoporosis
Niacin Vitamin D Iron Iodine Protein Vitamin A Calcium
Objective 1.5Objective 1.5Name unhealthy diet practices
Eating DisordersEating Disorders
Anorexia NervosaBulimia NervosaBinge Eating Disorder
Objective 1.6Objective 1.6Define basic nutrient groups and their sources and functions
NutrientsNutrients
Chemical substances found in food your body can use
6 basic nutrients6 basic nutrients
CarbohydratesProteinFatsVitaminsMineralsWater
Important fact #1Important fact #1
Your body can only use a certain amount of each nutrient
More is not better!
Important fact #2Important fact #2
Nutrients work together as teams in your body
One nutrient is not more important than another!
Important fact #3Important fact #3
Scientists are still discovering new info about nutrients
But what they do know is reliable!
And if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Functions Functions
Should make up 55% of more of your daily calories
Supply energy
Types…Types…
SugarsStarches
(fiber—part of food not digested)
Good Carbs…Good Carbs…
Whole grain breads and cerealsFresh fruits and veggies
Bad carbs…Bad carbs…
Refined sugarsWhite floury stuff (doughnuts, cakes,
white bread, etc)
Carbs and healthy eatingCarbs and healthy eating
Eat MORE good carbs (55% is more than half!)
Eat LESS bad carbsEat more fiber (very few Americans
get enough) (25 grams recommended)
Too many bad carbs…Too many bad carbs…
DiabetesHypoglycemiaObesityLactose intoleranceDental cariesSugar addiction
ProteinsProteins
Functions…Functions…
15% of your calories (that’s all!)Build and repair body tissues
Types…Types…
Complete From animal foods
IncompleteFrom plant foods
(made of amino acids)
Good proteins…Good proteins…
FishLegumes
Dried beans and peasPoultry
Not fried
Bad proteins…Bad proteins…
Red meatMore than 2-3 times per week
Fatty meatsFried meats
Proteins and healthy eatingProteins and healthy eating
Don’t red meat more than 2-3 times per week
Meat shouldn’t be the biggest serving on your plate!
Too many bad proteins…Too many bad proteins…
AtherosclerosisHeart diseaseKidney diseaseObesity
Miscellaneous…Miscellaneous…
More protein does not equal more muscle!
High protein diets can be dangerous!Vegetarians may get protein by
combining incomplete proteinsRice and beans, macaroni and tomatoes
FatsFats
Functions…Functions…
30% or less of your calories Insulate and protect the bodyCarry fat soluble vitamins
Types…Types…
SaturatedUnsaturatedTrans-fats
Cholesterol
Eat less…Eat less…
Saturated fatsHydrogenated fats (trans-fats)Added fats
Eat more…Eat more…
Unsaturated fats and oils (fats from plant sources and fish
Too much fat…Too much fat…
Heart diseaseObesityWon’t get enough fiber
Sugar and fat are not the same Sugar and fat are not the same thing!!!thing!!!
Vitamins Vitamins
Functions…Functions…
Regulate body processesDon’t have caloriesDon’t supply energy
Types…Types…
Water soluble (vitamin B complex and vitamin C)Not stored by the bodyNeeded daily
Fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K)Stored in the body
Vitamin AVitamin A
Healthy vision and skin
Deficiency—night blindness
Vitamin B complexVitamin B complex
Healthy nervous system
Deficiencies—beriberi and pellagra
Vitamin CVitamin C
Fight infection
Deficiency--scurvy
Vitamin DVitamin D
Healthy bones and teeth
Deficiency—rickets
Vitamin EVitamin E
Antioxidant
Vitamin KVitamin K
Normal blood clottingNewborns get a shot of this!
Healthy eating and vitamins…Healthy eating and vitamins…
Supplements are usually not necessary IF you…
Eat a varied diet with plenty of fruits and veggies and whole grains
Remember—you can get too much of a vitamin!
MineralsMinerals
Functions Functions
Chemical elements that become part of the body or help regulate body processes
Types…Types…
MacromineralsNeeded in larger amounts
Trace elementsNeeded in small amounts
Calcium & PhosphorusCalcium & Phosphorus
Strong bones and teeth
Deficiency--osteoporosis
Sodium, chloride, potassium, Sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesiummagnesium
Regulate the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance
Fluoride Fluoride
Strong teeth
Deficiency—dental caries
Iron Iron
Healthy red blood cells
Deficiency--anemia
Iodine Iodine
Necessary for normal metabolism
Deficiency--goiter
WaterWater
Functions…Functions…
Necessary for all body processes!!!
Important facts…Important facts…
70% of your body is waterThirst is not a good indicator of needDehydration has already started!Even slight dehydration affects
memory, comprehension, and math skills
And…And…
Water is contained in most foods and drinks, but plain water is still needed—hydrates your brain faster!
Caffeine is a diuretic—it makes your body lose water!
Objective 1.7Objective 1.7Explain MyPyramid
www.mypyramid.govwww.mypyramid.gov
Objective 1.8Objective 1.8Name careers related to nutrition and weight control