nutrition and cancer prevention for patients · what is cancer? zcancer starts when an abnormal...

Nutrition and Cancer Prevention for Patients

Rachel Norman, RDWest Michigan Cancer Center

Objectives

Identify the link between nutrition and cancer preventionIdentify risk factors for cancer

– Controllable vs. uncontrollable

Identify the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) recommendations for cancer preventionIdentify action steps to take toward healthy lifestyle

Cancer

11 million people in the world are diagnosed with cancer each yearCancer is the second leading cause of death in most high income and many low income countries1 out of 3 cases of common cancers can be prevented by consumption of appropriate diets, sustained physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight, and by not smoking

World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Policy and Action for Cancer Prevention. Food, Nutrition, andPhysical Activity: a Global Perspective. Washington DC: AICR, 2009

What Is Cancer?

Cancer starts when an abnormal cell grows uncontrollably This leads to systemic and local effectsThese cells can spread to other parts of the bodyCancer cells develop because of damage to DNA

Elliot, Laura, Laura Molseed, Paula McCallum, and Barbara Grant. “Adult Oncology.” The clinical guide to oncology nutrition. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill.: American Dietetic Association, 2006. 3-9. Print.

Risk Factors

Uncontrollable– Age– Ethnicity– Family history– Hormones– Environmental carcinogens

(sunlight, chemicals, etc.)

Controllable– Diet/Obesity– Physical Activity– Tobacco

Elliot, Laura, Laura Molseed, Paula McCallum, and Barbara Grant. “Adult Oncology.” The clinical guide to oncology nutrition. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill.: American Dietetic Association, 2006. 3-9. Print.

“National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health.” Comprehensive Cancer Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. http://www.cancer.gov.

Risk Factors

“Science and Risk: Radiation and Radioactivity.” Science and Risk: Radiation and Radioactivity. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 2014. <http://www.regulation.org.uk/radiation.sh>

AICR Recommendations for Cancer Prevention

Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight– Normal BMI is 19.5-24.9– Overweight is 25-29.9– Obese is >30

BMI > 40 increases risk for all cancer– 52% in men– 62% in women

“Recommendations for Cancer Prevention.” American Institute for Cancer Research. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 2014. http://www.aicr.org/reduce-your-cancer-risk/recommendations-for-cancer-prevention/.

Elliot, Laura, Laura Molseed, Paula McCallum, and Barbara Grant. “Diet, Cancer Risk, and Cancer Prevention.” The clinical guide to oncology nutrition. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill.: American Dietetic Association, 2006. 28-36. Print.

The Weight Issue

– Normal BMI is 19.5-24.9– BMI > 40 increases risk for all cancer

52% in men62% in women

– Overweight and obesity increases risk for site specific cancers Esophageal Colon and rectumBreastEndometrialLiverGallbladderPancreatic and kidneyNon-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma

Elliot, Laura, Laura Molseed, Paula McCallum, and Barbara Grant. “Diet, Cancer Risk, and Cancer Prevention.” The clinical guide to oncology nutrition. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill.: American Dietetic Association, 2006. 28-36. Print.

Action Tip

Talk to your provider about resources to help with weight lossLose the “all or nothing” mentalityStart with a 10% weight lossSet SMART goals to achieve a healthy weight

SMART Goals

SpecificMeasurableAttainableRealisticTime-based

Examples:– Goal: “I am going to eat more vegetables”– SMART goal: “I am going to eat 3 servings of vegetables 4 days per week”– Goal: “I am going to exercise more”– SMART goal: “I am going to walk for 30 minutes 3 days per week”– Goal: “I am never going to eat dessert again”– SMART goal: “I am going to enjoy one dessert two times per week”


Avoid sugary drinks. Limit the consumption of energy dense foods. – Sugary drinks/energy dense foods to increase

calorie intake weight gain overweight and obesity increased risk for cancer

– Energy dense foods: Foods that provide a lot of calories for very little nutrition (ice cream, cookies, cake, potato chips, French fries, etc.)


Action Tip

Switch to naturally flavored sparkling waterFlavor water with your favorite fruitKeep NUTRIENT-dense foods on hand for snacks (veggies, non-fat yogurt, low fat cheese, whole grain crackers, fruit)Limit fast food


Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and legumes (beans, lentils, etc.)


Action Tip

Make half your grains wholeFill 2/3 of your plate with fruits and vegetablesIncorporate one meatless meal per week

New American Plate



Limit consumption of red meats (beef, pork, and lamb) and avoid processed meats– <18oz per week– Processed meats: ham, bacon, salami, hot dogs,

sausages, etc.


Action Tip

Choose fish, poultry, and beans more oftenChoose the following cooking methods to avoid carcinogen formation: boiling, poaching, bakingSave processed meats for special occasions


If consumed at all, limit alcoholic drinks to 2 for men and 1 for women per day.– 1 drink = 5 oz wine, 12 oz beer, 1.5 oz spirits


Action Tip

Make a wine spritzer by mixing 2 oz wine with 2 oz sparkling water to “stretch” your drinkHave a zero-calorie non-alcoholic beverage available if you are hostingBring a bottle of water with you if you are a guest


Limit consumption of salty foods and foods processed with salt


Action Tip

Get rid of the salt shaker!Experiment with different herbs and spicesTaste your food before you salt itChoose low-sodium varieties of your favorite snack foodsSalt is an acquired tasteLimit processed foods– Double a recipe and freeze in individual

containers


Don’t use supplements to protect against cancer


Action Tip

Choose a balanced diet with a variety of foodsToo much of a good thing is not always betterJust because it is natural, does not mean it is safe.

Tobacco

Action Tip

Discuss with your medical teamMichigan Tobacco Quit Line– 1-800-784-8669

American Cancer Society– 1-800-227-2345

www.quitsmokingkalamazoo.com

Summary

Controllable risk factors for cancer preventionAICR recommendations for cancer preventionAction steps to take toward healthy lifestyle changes

nutrition and cancer prevention for patients · what is cancer? zcancer starts when an abnormal...

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