Nur 102 Nur 102 Fundamentals of Nursing Fundamentals of Nursing

World Health Organization World Health Organization definition of Health:definition of Health: a state of complete physical,

mental and social well-being- not merely absence of disease.-the fundamental right of every human being

Definition of health:Definition of health:

Health is a dynamic state that exists when the individual’s needs are satisfied and homeostasis is achieved. A state of health implies that individuals are effectively adapting to stimuli which influence the satisfaction of needs.

High Level WellnessHigh Level Wellness

Functioning at your maximum potential

Definition of Illness:Definition of Illness:

a deviation from the normal, healthy state

Illness: a state which results when an individual is not effectively adapting to stimuli and cannot satisfy needs or achieve homeostasis

Health-Illness ContinuumHealth-Illness Continuum

On a continuum, health and illness may be viewed as phases of coping ability

Factors that Cause IllnessFactors that Cause Illness

Predisposing factors-genetics Contributing factors-conditions are

favorable for disease Precipitating factors-condition that

activates disease rapidly

Stages of Coping with Stages of Coping with DiseaseDisease Denial-fear, anxiety, irritability Acceptance-wants care done

quickly and efficiently Recovery-calm and cooperative

Illness impacts individual’s Illness impacts individual’s behavior, emotions,body behavior, emotions,body image,self concept,family image,self concept,family roles and family dynamicsroles and family dynamics

Emotional Response to Emotional Response to IllnessIllness Fear Anxiety fatigue, insomnia anger, hostility self-pity overdependence helplessness

Nursing Strategies to Nursing Strategies to Promote Adaptation to Promote Adaptation to IllnessIllness Allow patients to speak freely

without being judgmental. Encourage self-help groups Promote self-esteem. Provide resources to cope with

illness

Promoting Wellness/HealthPromoting Wellness/Health Primary Prevention-Examples:

Immunizations,physical and nutritional fitness

Secondary Prevention-Examples: health screening of at risk populations (Smoking prevention for school age children,PSA for males>50)

Tertiary Prevention-Education for those with disease or disability (Example: Diabetic teaching concerning foot care)

Basic needs of ManBasic needs of Man

Physiological safety Belongingness Self-esteem Self-actualization ABRAHAM MASLOW

HomeostasisHomeostasis

An attempt by the body to maintain a state of constancy in the internal environment

NeedNeed

That which is useful, desirable and necessary to maintain health

Lower needs must be met before an individual can focus on higher needs

Physiological NeedPhysiological Need

Oxygen Nutrition Elimination Activity

SafetySafety

Freedom from danger

mechanical thermal bacterial chemical pain

BelongingnessBelongingness

Affection Love Companionship Relationships with

family and society

Self-EsteemSelf-Esteem

Self awareness Body Image Self concept

Self ActualizationSelf Actualization

Personal growth maturity awareness of

potential learning

Historical Development of Historical Development of NursingNursingHistorical Development of Historical Development of NursingNursing Midwifery in Ancient Times Religious Calling Lower class avoiding jail terms Modern Nursing/Florence

Nightingale “Put them in the best condition for

nature to act.” “the Lady with the Lamp”

Famous American NursesFamous American NursesFamous American NursesFamous American Nurses

Clara Barton/Red Cross Dorthea Dix/first psychiatric nurse Lilian Wald/first community health

nurse Mary Mahoney/first African -

American nurse graduate Adelaide Nuttig/first college

educated professor