nuclotron-based ion collider facility - msu

1

NICA Project at JINRNuclotron-based

Ion

Collider

fAcility

V.Kekelidze, A.Matveev, I.Meshkov, A.Sorin, G.Trubnikov

JINR, Dubna

16th Lomonosov

Conference

on

Elementary

Particle

PhysicsLomonosov

Moscow State University

August 22 -

26,

2013

2

Introduction: The NICA project goals1. NICA physics case

A. Heavy ions & QCD phase diagramB. Spin physicsC. Summary: NICA beams

2. NICA structure and operation regimes (heavy ion mode)

3. Detection of The Mixed Phase4. NICA/MPD Elements –

Fabrication & Collaboration

5. Collider of polarized beams

6. Civil engineering

Conclusion: the project time table

Contents

NICA Project at JINR Igor Meshkov 16th

Lomonosov

Conference LMSU 23 August, 2013

3

The NICA project is aimed to develop, construct and commission a modern accelerator complex

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility

(NICA)equipped with two detectors

MultiPurpose

Detector (MPD) &

Spin Physics Detector (SPD)and perform experiments

on search of the mixed phase

of baryonic matter state and

nature of nucleon/particle spin


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Introduction:The

NICA Project Goal

4

Colliderfixed target

Baryon density in Au + Au collisions at SNN

= 5 -

200 GeV

Theory vs

Experiment: J.Randrup, J.Cleymans

Phys. Rev. C74 (2006) 047901

1. NICA Physics Case1. NICA Physics CaseA. Heavy IonsA. Heavy Ions


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QCD phase diagram2006 -

2013 E1+E2: collider

E: Fixed Target

Max. barion

density

!

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1. NICA Physics CaseA. Heavy Ions

The First Proposal of Experiments at JINR:To search A Mixed Phase of Strongly Inteacting

QCD Matter

at The JINR Nuclotron

A.N. Sissakian, A.S. Sorin, M.K. Suleymanov,

V.D. Toneev, and G.M. ZinovjevarXiv:nucl-ex/0601034 v1 24 Jan 2006

A.N. Sissakian, A. S. Sorin, and V. D. Toneev

Proc. of the 33rd Intern. High Energy Physics conference,

(“Rochester”) ICHEP’06Moscow, July 26 –

Aug. 02,

2006, 1, 421, nuclth/0608032

An optimal way to reach the highest possible baryon density is

heavy ion collision at SNN

= 4 -

11 GeV


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QCD phase diagram2007

2013

6

1.NICA Physics CaseA. Heavy ions

QCD phase diagram 2010 (“the fork”)


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The comprehensive phenomenon study requires: scan over the QCD phasediagram by varying collision parameters -

beam energy & collision centrality

The most intriguing and low-studied area of the QCD phase diagram:

Characterized by the highestnet baryon density;

Chiral

symmetry restorationand the quarqyonic

phase

formation.

Allowing detailed study of properties of the phasetransition region andsearching for theCritical End Point

andThe Tripple

Point;

Deconfinement event is expected at

>1 GeV/fm3, T>150 MeV, nB

>(3-5)n0

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Triple point?

http://theor.jinr.ru/twiki-cgi/view/NICA/WebHome


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Accelerators & Colliders

The QCD Phase Diagram Scanned Possibly by Different Machines

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SIS-18 (GSI)

Nuclotron-M (JINR)

SPS (NA-49/61, CERN)

AGS (BNL)

Booster NICA (JINR) 2015NICA (JINR)

SIS-100

(FAIR)

SIS-300

(FAIR)

2 4 6 8 20 40 60 80 for Au+Au1 10 102


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2017

2019

20??

√SNN , GeV

Fixed target:L-limited bydetectors

Colliders:scale of L,in cm-2s-1

1027

1025

1023

Future HI Machines

RHIC (BNL)

Existing HI Machines197Au79+

197Au79+

Expected Expected region of region of

phase phase transition transition

atatmax max

baryonic baryonic densitydensity

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NICA White paper

Theoretical Basis -

NICA White PaperEditorial board:D.BlaschkeE.BratkovskayaD.KharzeevV.MatveevA.SorinH.StöckerO.TeryaevI.TserruyaN.Xu

http://theor.jinr.ru/twikicgi/view/NICA/WebHome

188 contributions by June 2013

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Motivation:“Experiments with spin have killed more theories than any other single physical parameter.”

(J.D.Bjorken)

[Cited by Elliot Leader, “Spin in Particle Physics”, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001]

1. NICA Physics CaseB. Spin Physics

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Nuclotron-M (JINR)

COSY (FZJ)AGS (BNL)

NICA (JINR)

2 4 6 8 20 40 60 801 10 102


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p

p

20??

√SNN , GeV

Future Machines with Polarized Beams

RHIC (BNL)

1. NICA Physics CaseB. Spin Physics


d

dp

p

p

p

d

d

d

dp

p

CEBAF (JLab)e

p

p

p

Existing Machines with Polarized Beams

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Conf. participants at Vladimir Veksler

monument inauguration

At SPIN’2012 Conference in Dubna(September 17 –

22, 2012)the Working Group has started preparation of the spinphysics program to operate with polarized pp, pd & ddbeams at NICA,

continued at Prague Workshop Spin’2013 (July 2013).

1. NICA Physics caseB. Spin Physics

100% Polarization!

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1. NICA Physics CaseSummary: The NICA Beams

Heavy ion colliding beams up to 197Au79+

+ 197Au79+

at sNN

= 4 ÷

11 GeV

, Laverage

= 1x1027

cm-2s-1

Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same energy range and LPolarized beams of protons and deuterons in collider mode:

pp spp

= 12 ÷

26 GeV

Lmax

≈

1x1032

cm-2s-1

dd sNN

= 4 ÷

13.8

GeVExtracted beams of light ions and polarized protons and deuteronsfor fixed target experiments:

Li Au = 1 4.5 GeV

/u ion kinetic energyp, p =

5 ÷

12.6 GeV

kinetic energy

d, d =

2 ÷

5.9 GeV/u

ion kinetic energyApplied research in ion beams at kinetic energy starting with 3 MeV/u

The set of NICA beams provides unique possibility for basic & applied researches in the forthcoming decades.

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Bldg #205

ColliderC = 503 m

MPD

Spin Physics Detector (SPD)

Nuclotron

Fixed target experiments

Bldg #1Synchrophasotron

yoke

BM@N

SPI & ЛУ-20 (“Od”

linac)

KRION-6T & «New»

linac

Bldg #1

2.5 m

4.0 mBooster


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R&Dp,d, A

R&Dπ, p

R&Dp,d, A

R&Dp,d,A

polarimeters

HyperNIS

BM@N area

Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron (BM@N)


Fixed Target Experiments on Nuclotron Beams


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Nuclotron (45 Tm)injection of one bunch

of

2×109

ions,acceleration up to 1 -

4.5 GeV/u

max.

Linac

LU-20 Ion sources

Fixed Target Area

Booster (25 Tm)1(2-3)

single-turn injection, storage of (2

4)×109

ions,acceleration up to 100 MeV/u,electron cooling, acceleration

up to 600 MeV/u

Two SCcollider

rings

Linac

HILac KRION

IP-1

IP-2

~ 2 x 22 injection cycles22 bunches per ring

Facility operation scenario

2. NICA structure and operation regimes(Heavy Ion Mode)


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Stripping (80%) 197Au31+ => 197Au79+


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Lomonosov

Conference LMSU 23 August, 2013NICA Project at JINR Igor Meshkov 16th

Lomonosov


1. Ion storage with barrier bucket method and electron cooling,RF-1 acceleration station of “barrier voltage”

Facility operation scenario


Three Stages of Beam Formation in NICA Collider

2. Adiabatic capture and preliminary bunch compression with harmonicRF voltage on 22-th harmonics

of revolution frequency, formation of

the beam of 22 bunches,RF-2 acceleration station of harmonic voltage

3. Adiabatic capture and final compression of 22 bunches with harmonicRF voltage of 66-th (88-th?) harmonics

of revolution frequency,

formation of the beam consisting of 22 bunches of

0.6 m r.m.s. length, RF-3 acceleration station of harmonic voltage

…

bunch empty bucket empty bucket bunch

Final beam structure:

Why 22 bunches? –

To avoid parasitic collisions in common parts of the beam trajectories!

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Equilibrium beam emittance vs

Eion

, mmmrad

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.21.2

0

.A

.opt E.i

4.51 E.i

Two operation regimes



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1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50.01

0.1

1

10

0.01

0.1

1

1010

0.01

L. E.i L.opt E.i

10

0.01

N. E.i N.opt E.i

4.51 E.i

10L(Ei

)1e27 cm-2s-1

1.0

0.1

0.011 2 3 4

Ion energy, GeV/u

10Ion/bunch,

1E91.0

0.1

0.01

Space charge IBS dominated dominated

regimes

1 2 3 4Ion energy, GeV/u

1.2(Ei

)

0.8

0.4

0

opt

max

Lopt

Lmax

Nopt

Nmax

Electron and stochastic cooling application!

Emittance reduction with energy:

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[ ] -

element length( ) -

distance between elements

Disposition of the Collider elements in heavy ion mode


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Key Parameters of The NICA Collider


Ring circumference, m 503,04Number of bunches 22R.m.s. bunch length, m 0.6Ring acceptance, mmmrad 40.0Long. Acceptance, p/p 0.01transition

(Etransition, GeV/u) 7.091 (5.72)

*, m 0.35

Ion Energy, GeV/u 1.0 3.0 4.5Ion number/bunch, 1e9 0.275 2.4 2.2R.m.s. emittance, h/v mmmrad

1.1/1.0 1.1/0.9 1.1/0 .76

R.m.s. p/p, 1e-3 0.62 1.25 1.65IBS growth time, s 190 700 2500Peak luminosity, cm-2s-1 1.1e25 1e27 1e27


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Collider lattice:FODO,

12 cells x 900

each arc,

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Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status3. Detection of The Mixed Phase

Dipole magnet and area for BM@N equipment installation

Fixed Target Experiments on Nuclotron Beams:First attempt

”Baryonic Matter @ Nuclotron”

(BM@N),

common experiment of JINR/FAIR/GSI

22

QGP andhydrodynamic

expansion

Hadronisation,hadronic

phase

& chemicalfreeze-out

“Chemical freeze-out”

–

finish of inelastic interactions;“Kinetic

freeze-out”

–

finish of elastic interactions._______________________________________________________

*) freeze-out –

here means “to get rid”

(phys. slang)

Start of the collision

pre-equilibrium

Hadronic

phase &kinetic

freeze-out

4 fm/c 10 fm/c

1 fm/c = 110-13/ 31010

= 3.3310-24

sec

QGP –

Quark-gluon plasma


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Evolution of collision region in Nucleus-Nucleus Interaction

Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status3. Detection of The Mixed Phase

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Part I. NICA Project Concept & StatusMultiPurpose

Detector (MPD)


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3. Detection of The Mixed PhaseMultiPurpose

Detector (MPD)

3 stages of MPD commissioning

Forward spectrometer-B

Toroid

1-st stage barrel part (TPC, Ecal, TOF) + ZDC,FFD, BBC,

magnet, …

2-nd stage IT, ECT-subdetectors

3-d stage Forward-spectrometers

(optional ?)

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Detector (MPD)


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Detector (MPD)

3 stages of MPD commissioning

FFD

Magnet :

0.66 T T0, Trigger :

FFD

Centrality &Event plane :

ZDC

Particle identification subdetectors: TOF, TPC, ECAL

Tracking (||<2):

TPC

Stage 1 (2017)TPC, Barrel

TOF & ECAL, ZDC, FFDStage 2:

IT + Endcaps

(tracker,TOF,ECAL)

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4. Detectors –

MPD & SPDPart I. NICA Project Concept & Status

MultiPurpose

Detector (MPD)

I stage:

mid rapidity region (good performance) Particle yields and spectra (,K,p,clusters, , Event-by-event fluctuations Femtoscopy involving π, K, p, Λ Collective flow for identified hadron species Electromagnetic probes (electrons, gammas)

II stage:

extended rapidity +

IT….. Total particle multiplicities Asymmetries study (better reaction plane determination) Di-Lepton precise study (ECal expansion) Exotics (soft photons, hypernuclei)

MPD Observables

Measurements regarded as complementary to RHIC/BES, CERN/NA61 & FAIR


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3. Detection of The Mixed Phase

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e+e-ρ

e+e-

4. Detectors –

MPD & SPDPart I. NICA Project Concept & Status

MultiPurpose

Detector (MPD)

MPD Observables


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3. Detection of The Mixed Phase

?

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Detector (MPD)


Detector (MPD)

NICA Physics plan for 2017-19 (Stage 1) In the beginning energy -

system size scan will be performed at NICA-MPD

with the listed beam particles varying the collisions energy sNN

= 4 11 GeV in steps of 1-2 GeV.

Beam Luminosity (cm -2

c - 1) Data sample per 1 weekat √s = 4 GeV√s=4 GeV √s=11 GeV

p 1e32 1e32 1.5e1012C 4e28 2e29 1.5e1064Cu 6e27 3.5

e28 5e9

124Xe 8e26 6e27 1e9197Au 1.5e26 1e27 3e8


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Disk storage for data ~ 10 PB/year

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Detector (MPD)


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Detector (MPD)

NICA Physics plan for 2017-19 (Stage 1)

The goal:Measurements of hadron

spectra -

, K, (anti)p, (anti)hyperons, light (anti)nuclei

and dileptons

as a function of energy, system size, centrality, pT, rapidity and azimuthal angle.

The strategy Localize the QCD Critical End Point , then investigate in detail the critical

region (in finer steps) Detailed study of the Low Mass Region, i.e. dilepton

enhancement, in the

unexplored region of the highest baryon density. If an indication for dropping mass found detailed look in this region Study of the QCD mixed phase -

hadron

production and rare probes

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Detector (MPD)


Detector (MPD)

NICA Physics Plan for 2017-19 (Stage 1) Observable Subdetector Pseudorapidity

coverageNew insights

Hadron

yields & ratios TPC, TOF ZDC

|| < 1.5pT

< 3 GeV/cData for 5<√sNN<7

GeV,

critical assessment of yield spectra and K/-ratio

Hyperons: yields, flow, Polarization

TPC, TOF ZDC

|| < 1.5pT

< 3 GeV/cHigh statistics data on yields, flow and polarization √s

< 7 GeV

Dileptons TPC, TOFECAL, ZDC

|| < 1.1pT

< 3 GeV/cNew data at √sNN

> 5 GeV

Fluctuations & Correlations

TPC, TOFECAL, ZDC

||< 1.5pT

< 3 GeV/cNew data on Ev-by-Ev

fluct.for √sNN

> 4 GeVAnti-protonsAnti-nuclei

TPC, TOFZDC

|| <

1.1pT

<

2

GeV/cNew data on antinuclei,Flow of Pbar

and antiL

Flow (v1, v2, v3)Hadrons & nuclei

TPC, TOFZDC

|| < 1.5pT< 3 GeV/c

New measurements @ √sNN

<7GeVPrecise vn

data for

Chiral

Magnetic& vortical

effectsTPC, TOFZDC

|| < 1.5pT

< 3 GeV/cData @ √sNN

< 7GeV (CME)Vortical

@ 4 < √sNN

< 11 GeV(Hyper)Nuclei TPC, TOF

ZDC|| < 1.5pT< 5 GeV/c

New data at 5 < √sNN

< 11

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Detector (MPD)


Detector (MPD)

Particle yields, Particle yields, Au+AuAu+Au

@@

√√ssNNNN

= 8 = 8 GeVGeV

((central collisions)central collisions)Expectations for 10 weeks of running at L = 1027cm-2s-1

Particle Yields Decay mode

BR *Effic. %

Yield/10 weeks4 y=0

p+ 293 97 ---- --- 61 2.6 .

1011

K+ 59 20 --- ---- 50 4.3 .

1010

p 140 41 --- ---- 60 1.2 .

1011

31 17 e+e- 4.7 . 10-5 35 7.3 .

105

20 11 e+e- 7.1 .

10-5 35 7.2 .

105

2.6 1.2 e+e- 3 .

10-4 35 1.7 .

105

0.14 0.1 LK 0.68 2 2.7 .

106

D0 2 .

10-3 1.6.10-3 K+p- 0.038 20 2.2 .

104

J/ 8 .

10-5 6.10-5 e+e- 0.06 15 103

Duty factor = 0.5

*Efficiency includes the MPD acceptance, realistic tracking and particle ID.Particle yields are from experimental data (NA49), statistical and HSD models.Efficiency from MPD simulations. Typical efficiency from published data (STAR)

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Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status4. NICA Elements –


6T solenoid fabrication (2012)

4.1. Heavy IonSource KRION-6T

KRION source is assembled and being tested

4.2. Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC, 3 MeV/u) under construction at BEVATECH (Frankfurt).

To be delivered 2013


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4.3. SC magnets for Booster, Collider and SIS-100 (FAIR)Dipole and quadrupole magnets

for

the

Booster

Collider

„twin“

dipole

Dipole & quadrupole prototypes

for SIS100 (FAIR)

The plant for SC magnets production will start outputting this year. Its area is more 2,600 sq. m. 6 independent production lines are under preparation.

Plan by Dec. 2013

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Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status

4.4. Nuclotron

key element of the NICA accelerator complex

4. NICA Elements –


Nuclotron is SC synchrotron accelerating ions

and delivering presently ion beams:

deuterons

Emax

= 4.8 GeV/u

(B = 1.7 T), 124Xe42+

Emax

= 3.0 GeV/u

(B = 1.7 T).

Acceleration of 197Au79+

up to 4.5 GeV/u

Injection system for 197Au79+ at 600 MeV/u

Upgrade of RF system

Extraction system for 197Au79+ at 1

4.5 GeV/u

Upgrade of control system (synchronization!)

Nuclotron development

the tasks for collider mode:

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Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status

4.5. RF acceleration systems for

Booster

ColliderRF-1, RF-2, RF-3

4.5

4.7. Budker

INP (Novosibirsk) -

design and fabrication

BINP, June 2013RF for Booster

(to be delivered 2013)

4.6. Electron cooler for Booster(stage of working design)

4.7. Beam transfer channel between Nuclotron and Collider

(stage of working design)

Electron coolerfor Booster(prototype)

4. NICA Elements –


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4.8. High voltage electron cooler for the Collider -in collaboration with Fermilab,

National Electrostatic Corporation (Madison, USA) and All-Russian Institute for Electrotechnique

(Moscow)

(stage of working design and prototype development)

4.9. Stochastic cooling system for the Collider -in collaboration with FZ Jülich, GSI and CERN

(stage of test experiment and working design)Pick-Up stationPick-Up station

Longitudinal Schottky

spectrum of the 3 GeV/u

deuteron beam on 3500-th

harmonics of the revolution frequency;Nion

= 2e9

Initial

After 8 minutes of cooling

March 20, 2013

~70ps

S-Cooling experiment at Nuclotron

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4.10. Collider Vacuum SystemStage of working design and survey for contractors

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Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status4. MPD Elements –


4.11. MPD Subdetectors

The

general

view

of the

TPC Prototype

1

Field

Cage

prototype

Prototype

1 under

preparation

for

test

with

UV laser.

Time Projection Chamber -

prototype 1JINR (BVLHEP)

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Fabrication & Collaboration4.11. MPD SubdetectorsFast Forward Detector (FFD)

JINR (VBLHEP) + Radium Institute (St.Petersburg).)

Beam adjustment and collision trigger

(30 ps)

Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL “Shashlyk”)

JINR (VBLHEP & DLNP) + ISM (Kharkov)

INR (Troisk) + JINR (VBLHEP)

Pb-scintillator

sampling (5l)Read-out: fibers+ AvalanchePD

ZDC coverage: 2.2<|h|<4.8

ZDC prototypes (JINR)Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC)

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4.11. MPD subdetectors

JINR (VBLHEP) + Hefei, Beijing (China))

MultiResistive

Plate Counter(mRPC)

A full-scale double-stack mRPC

prototype

Experimental setup for mRPC

tests at Nuclotron (March 2013))

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4.12. MPD SC solenoid, B0

=0.66 T

The design –

close to completion;Survey for contractors:EU companies (Italy, Germany) –

–

most probable candidatesPossible subcontractors:

Russian & Ukrainian

companies

Simulated map of magnetic field

TPC position

Correction coil (warm)

Design: Scientific Prodctn

Association “Neva -

Magnet”

(St.Petersburg)

9010

6623

B/B

1e-4

41

5. Collider of polarized beams1st

concept of the collider beams has been developed

It assumes acceleration of polarized protons (!) and deuterons in Nuclotron avoiding the Booster.

New concept with polarized particles acceleration in the Booster

and storage in the Collider rings is under preliminary consideration

Analysis of depolarization effects in the Collider is in progress

Concept of polarized protons in Nuclotron has been developed, but its realization requires significant upgrade of Nuclotron


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Source of Polarized p

& d

Ions

SPICollaboration of INR (Troitsk) & JINR

SPI test at Nuclotron with d

is planned

for 2014.It will be beginning of new stage of experiments with polarized beams at Nuclotron.

SPI, May 2013

43

Disposition of collider elements in polarized beams mode



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Subdetector

for muon

pairs

Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Concept

Toroidalmagnet

Main elements of the detector:

- Silicon or MicroMega(inner tracking)

- Drift chambers or straw (for tracking)

- Cherenkov counter(for PID and trigger)

-

EM calorimeter-

Trigger counters

- EndCap

detectors

45


Artistic view of the NICA facility


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The Collider tunnel

The technical project of NICA (civil engineering, equipment description and disposition) is now completed and will be presented for State Expertise in September 2013.


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Conclusion: General schedule and basic milestones

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Civil construction:MPD Hall

Tunnels (Collider & channels)

t = 51 months

Accelerator complex:SC magn. prod. line (b.217)Collider KRION & HILacBooster & channelsCryogenic complex

MPD:Solenoid + infrastructureBarrel (ECAL & TOF) + FFDTPC + (ZDC & …)

Detector BM@N (1st stage)Magnet SP41-MTracking system etc.

critical point design construction mounting test / commissioning


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Progress and Status of the NICA Project Igor Meshkov JINR/CERN GRID School 25 April, 2013

FT experiment area

NuclotronBooster

Collider

NICA at VBLHEP

New Linac

LU-20

Thank you for your attention!

nuclotron-based ion collider facility - msu

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