nucleic acids. what you need to know! see carbon notes
DESCRIPTION
Nucleic Acids Consists of C, H, N, O, P 3 types:DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA – Ribonucleic Acid ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate Different functions –DNA: hereditary information –RNA: production of proteins –ATP: energy molecule of cellsTRANSCRIPT
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Nucleic Acids
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What you need to know!
• See Carbon Notes
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Nucleic Acids
• Consists of C, H, N, O, P• 3 types: DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA – Ribonucleic AcidATP – Adenosine Triphosphate
• Different functions– DNA: hereditary information– RNA: production of proteins– ATP: energy molecule of cells
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Monomer = Nucleotide
• Nucleotide made of 3 different parts1. Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, Ribose
in RNA & ATP)2. Phosphate group3. Nitrogenous Base (Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)
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ATP
• ATP is a nucleotide; it does not exist as a macromolecule/polymer
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Nitrogenous Bases
• Come in 2 groups:1. Pyrimidines (single ring):
Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)
2. Purines (double ring):Adenine (A),Guanine (G)
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Macromolecule/Polymer - Polynucleotide
a. Condensation Rx between sugars and Phosphates forming Phosphate-Sugar-Backbone through Phosphodiesterbonds
– DNA double stranded helix (antiparallel ***not mirror image***)
– RNA single stranded
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DNA
• Double stranded :– Hydrogen bonds form
between opposing nitrogenous bases
– A Purine always pairs with a Pyrimidine
– 2 purines make DNA too wide, 2 pyrimidines too narrow
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Bases
• Purine pairs with PyrimidineA pairs with T (2 Hyrdrogen Bonds)G pairs with C (3 Hydrogen Bonds)
• No T in RNA– Thymine is replaced by Uracil
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DNA Organization
Eukaryotic:• DNA is wound 2x around proteins called
Histones forming Nucleosome beads
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DNA Organization
Prokaryotic• DNA is “naked” no histones or
nucleosomes– Free floating