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Course Ndes

Implementing an Occupational Health and Safety Management

KH Consulting Engineers Dr. Khaled Hamdy

Eng. Ahmed Osrnan

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KH Consulting Engineers

Course Notes

Section 1

Introduction and Course 0 bjectives

OHSMS C w v 3 4 A n B I p I -


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Course 0 bjectives To provide delegates with the knowledge and skills to develop and implement an Ocu@ional Health and Safety Management System that meets the requirements of OHSAS 18001. To provide delegates with the required lolowledge and skills to identify loss exposures within their companies. To provide delegates with the tods required for evaluating the risks in loss exposum and determining the required degree of control. To provide delegates with the knowledge and skills for developing OHSMS documentation. -- s

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Course Notes


1

~rainers' Profiles

Dr. Khaled Hamdy: - Dr. Hamdy has 18 years international experience

in the engineering, quality and safety fields. He is an IRCA registered Lead Auditor and a Registered Professional Engineer in the Province of Ontario, Canada. Dr. Hamdy is an expert in business process analysis and design, Total Quality Management, Risk Management, Project Management, IS0 9000, IS0 14000 and OHSAS 18001.

OHSMJ C o w 7 O U I u ' u . 1 M

Trainers' Profiles

Eng. Ahmed Osman: - Eng. Ahmed Osman holds a Bachelor of

Engineering degree from the faculty of engineering ,Cairo University. He is an occupational health and safety manager in a multinational company working in the field of home and personal products. He is a certified trainer in the OH&S risk assessments and safety frame work standards.

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Course Notes

Section 2

Safety Definitions and Development of Safety

Management

m OmMSCMc 11 O U a C r r m r


-

Functional Vocabulary

Safety - Control of accidental loss Accident -An event that results in unintended harm or damage Incident -An event which could or does result in unintended harm or damage

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- - - -

Course Notes

An unplanned single event, without loss, that has the potential to result in fatality injury, damage to property andlor another form of accidental loss.

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Course Notes


Loss -Avoidable waste of any resource Risk - Chance of loss Risk Evaluation -An assessment of the probability and severity of results if a hazard should result in loss Hazard - A condition or practice with the potential for accidental loss

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Course Notes

Hazard Identification

The process of recognising that a hazard exists and defining its characteristics.

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;H Consulting Engineers

Course Notes

Risk Assessment

The overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable or acceptable.

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OHSMS Courrc 22 6 An RI*. M I R ~ . ~ ~ ~


Course Notes


Loss Control -Anything done to reduce loss from the risks of business such as: - The prevention of loss exposures -The reduction of loss when loss producing

events occur -The termination or avoidance of risk

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(H Consulting Engineers

Course Notes

Management System

system to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.

NOTE: A management system of an organization can include different management systems, such as a quality management system, an environmental management system or an Occupational Health and Safety Management System.

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Course Notes

Management System

A management system is the framework for or method of guiding an organisation to achieve and sustain performance in accordance with established goals and in response to constantly changing regulations, safety risks and social, economic and competitive pressures. I I

I(M M ~ S L Q C ~ ~ ~ n ! o u l y l -

KH Consuhing Engineers

Course Notes


Management System - The leadership and structure that ensure work is done in a consistent manner over time; an organization strategy for the use of information. Loss Control Management - The application of professional management skills to the control of loss. rn OHSMS Cams 29

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Course Notes

Occupational Health and

Conditions and factors that affect the well-being of employees, temporary workers, contractor personnel, visitors and any other person in the workplace.

1(H Consulting Engineers

-- -

Course Notes

Risk and Tolerable Risk

Risk is a function of the probability of contact with (or exposure to) a hazard, multiplied by the likely severity of the consequences of that contact or exposure.

In OHSAS 18001, a risk which is not significant is defined as a "tolerable" risk.

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Course Notes

Significant Risk

A significant risk is one where additional control measures are required to eliminate or reduce the risk of loss to a level which is comparable with other accepted business risks.


Course Notes

Continual Improvement

Process of enhancing the safety management system to achieve improvements in overall safety performance in line with the organisation's safety policy.

OHSMS Covw 37 Q UI R* R".."..

OHSMS Covrre OAU Right. Rarned


- - - - - - -

Course Notes

Development of Safety Management

High costs associated with failure to control risks. Legislation requiring employers to assess and manage risks. Public opinion on risk acceptability moving against poorly managed organizations which impose excessive risks. High profile disasters have highlighted the need to manage Health and Safety. Growing awareness that risk can and should

I

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Course Notes

Concerns and Expectations regarding OHSMS

Concerns: Expectations: Fearlresistance to Risks and losses will be change minimized Fear of external Compliance to rules, Pressure legislation, company Increased cost standards and practices

. Inadequate knowledge Improved Safety and Health as to approach Reliable Operations Seemingly huge task . Reduced accidents,

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Integrated Management Systems

Meeting the needs of all Stakehoiders

Integrated Management Systems

Course Notes

CIfSSAS f 880f A Standard for Occupational

Health and Safety Management

--- -

Course Notes

What is OHSAS?

OHSAS = Owupationai Health and Safety Assessment Series. Issued by British Standards institute in I999 and 2000. OMSAS Documents: -OHSAS f8001 SpsiRation. - OHSAS 18002 Guidance.

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IS1 Consulting Engineers

Course Notes

Why Choose OHSAS 18001?

Forms an umbrella document for alf the riswsafety management systems, A roadmap, Comptimenb the ert;iisUng systems, Provides a system far IdentiQlng and prioritizing safety tssues for the whake airganimHtfan, net just individual depal-Xnsn& and specific; apemtions, Compf t men% existing managemen4 systems such as fSO 9004 and IS0 1 4 U O t . Sr'mpfifiss and provides greater clarity whfttsrt a~~!dh' lg dupiicati


Course Nates

A Three Pronged OHSMS Approach Sets framework her:

O Setting up a stm&umd sy&em wlth essential elmerrst% end methods

1216 Enables internal and sxt@mel evJuation farfu@har sydsm developmen8 Qirnpmvem@nt)

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Course Nates

OHSAS 18001 Model Jf;l

Course Notes

Key OHSAS 18001 Terminology

""Efablish and maintain" - The process; d seging up a system asid

ensuring that it: oper~tes at a level deEnned by management

"Identify and evaiuate" - The use of various techniques and

pyaesses to became aware of, and then priodtire the ~sks, hazards and situations aEeding the 8H&S management system

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'Procedurea -A step-by-step description of how to

proceed, from start to finish, in performing an activity

'Documented procedure' -A stepby-step written (in paper or

electronic f m ) description of how to proceed, from start to finish, in performing an activity

w ammcolr m .n.C-

Course Notes


'Shall be quantified" - Expressed as a number or percentage, i.e., 480

fire extinguishers serviced; 68% of inspections completed by supervisors in Area X; reduce work permit violations by 20% in fiscal year 200212003

'Legal and other requirements" - Legal: IocaUmunicipal, regional and national laws - Other requirements: OSHA-PSM, ANSI, CMA, BS

8800, etc.

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OHSAS 18001 Elements

4.2 OH&S Policy 4.3 Planning 4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification,

risk assessment and risk control 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements 4.3.3 Objectives 4.3.4 OH&S Management Program(s)

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4.5 Checking and Corrective Action 4.5.1 Performance measurement and

monitoring 4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, nonconfomrances

and correcZive and preventive action 4.5.3 Recards and records management 4.5.4 Audit 4.6 Management Review

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Course Notes

OHSAS 18002

The OHSAS 18002 is a Guidance document which: - Provides generic advice - Explains the underlying principles:

The intent Typical inputs

-Does not create additional requirements - Is intended to address OH&S rather than

product and service safety

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OHSAS 18002

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I Section 4

Identifying Loss Exposures and

Setting the Safety

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Loss Control Management

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Course Notes

Risk Assessment & Hazard Awareness

The primary skill required to compkte a .suilnbk 6 sufficient. risk ossesnncnt is thot of Hozord I d e n t i f d i n I I

Insignifimnt + Thought to be Suitably contrdkd + Unlikely to be reulid, ff + Ithasnewcouscdapmblm\inthepon

I t is a .go'goklcn rukm not dismiss ay harard thd you identify becouse you think that it is

- Cirannstoncc howcwr a n wult in cum the most minor hazard triggering o very signifimnt incident!

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Course Notes

Hazard Awareness & Identification

We will now concentrate on Hozord Awareness & Identification

I t is importont to identify Hozords correctly as we will see.

There ore mony techniques.

For the moment we will concentrote on the correct identification of o hazard. as you will hove to do this during o Risk Assessment.

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Course Nota

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When lodi~q for h a z d s :

Make careful obscrmtion of the kcation / task etc Idcntify the full mrgc of possibk hazards find out exactly what proccdurs / pwesses are followed - Do no) dismiss any hnzard without osassnwnt Include m accupte descrption of the potential loss / hann (This mry help you t o identify m a r . kss obviots. homrds 6 ris(u)

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A pallet of goods stood on the floor nroy be a t r i i r g haad or may formon obstruction, but if it falls from o forklift truck when king movrd it is a vuy different hazord!

-Carr 74 om*-


Course Notes


Do not record hazards that are not hazards !

e.g. Not wearing eye protection when using an abrasive wheel is not a hazord .....

....... flying debris from the abrasive wheel IS the hazard!

A damaged electrical extension is not a hazard ......

...... the electricity is the hazord!

Listing hazards thot are not hazards will lead t o confusion and fail t o identify both the real issue, and the best control measure.

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Course Notes

- Hazard Identification

I n thc previous wampk of an abrosivc wheel thr! haad is not altuvd by thc operator wearing / not wearirg safcty ghsscs.

The operator is mom vulnmbk to injuy by not w i n g safety glosses thurfarv the risk o f injuy is h i .

So, considering that opemtors do not like to w PP€", or can easily forgtt to w a r it. we should m l l y look at methods to reduce or elimiMte the hazord and remove thc degree of reliance on PPE.

We will discuss Vulnerability €hawing Factors htm on in tttl cowse.

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Course Notes


Thinking about how loss or harm could occur can help t o identify hazards and broaden the scope of an ossessment.

For example;

When assessing the task of working on a r o o f we may focus on what can happen t o the persons workitq at height, and how they could be injured by folling off, or through the roof. Certainly they are the ones at most risk.

But if we consider how people in general may be harmed by working a t heights falling is just one possibility - something may be dropped onto a passer-by thot has nothing t o do with the task and cause him or her injury.

.......... Consider all the possibilities. OHSMS Course 85

O U RII*uRclr..d


Course Notes

Aids to Hazard Identification

Aids t o k o r d Identification include

-Accident / Inc~dcnt 1nwsti i ion.s -Accident Statistics .'New Miss' reports .Workplace Inspections / Audits -Discussions with Opemtors .Documentation / Legisbtion / Safety Alerts *Safely Organisations 6 Safety Publi i ians -Specialist Safety Arnbsu Techniques, eg.

RLl imimy H a z d Assesme& (PHA) Hazard 6 Opupbilily Studico (HAZOPS)

1. Fault Tree Amlysco (FTA) *Task kd Analysis ( THA)

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Course Notes


Identify all potential hazards associated with a task from,

- Material Safety Duta Sheets - Equipment manwls - Observe practices - Obserw Start up procedures - Abnormal working conditions - The Working Environment - Review sickness 6 accldent records - Ask the operators !

Only a ful l understanding of what is actwlly done, and what equipment and materials are used, will result in the completion of a suitable 6 sufficient risk assessment.

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Course Notes

P

Hazard Identification - Enemies

As well as the m o n vislpl hoztrds. do not forget those thut inq be dw to energy.

Stond Enrgy - Hydmulic / ConpMivr - Kinetic / - Pncunotic - Ekctrical

Physical Enrgy - TunpcrotUn - Noise - Vibmtion - Rodi ion - Prufirc

h i m l Energy - Fwming / U n g - Exothumic Rcoctions

IxISdSCarr 91 O M q L L k l


Course Notes

Hazard Identification - Syndicate Work

Break into your syndicate groups.

Identify the hazards associated with the following tasks.

Remember to think of "who might be harmed' and "how'.

Don't worry about Risk for the moment.

We will consider Risk later on.

We will review the identified hazards informally as agroup.

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Course Notes

4.2 OH&S Policy

Appropriate to nature and scale of organization's OH&S risks Commitment to continual improvement Commitment to comply with relevant OH&S legislation and other requirements to which the organization subscribes

m O l m A S C a r r 95 o u a y -


Course Notes

4.2 OH8S Policy (continued)

Documented, implemented and maintained Communicated to all employees so that they are made aware of their OH&S obligations Available to interested parties Reviewed regularly for relevance and appropriateness

KW o m s COW% 97 O M l u @ a a m r


Course Notes

Policy and Objectives

Policy: - Typically set by senior managementltearn - OH&S professional input desired - Signed by senior manager on site - Provides overall thrust for OH&S in

organization - Distributed, communicated, posted, used in

other ways for full effect

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Course Notes

Policy Q- Q Primary vehicle for communicating the organisation's commitment to SHE improvement Framework to set objectives and targets

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Course Notes

Policy Terms

Overall SHE objectives Continual Improvement Prevention of Pollution Prevention of injuries Compliance with legislation Occupational Safety Occupational Health

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Course Notes

What is an OH&S Policy?

Public Statement of Commitment Visible evidence of top management support May have far reaching business implications Relatively long lived document Management's promise to employees

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OKSMS Cowv B All Rlghti R-rd


Course Notes

Policy Development

Results of risk assessment and reviews Values, beliefs of the organization Business Strategy Existing statements on OH&S issues Other policies Views of interested parties (stakeholders) Legislation Written standards

w n i o n requirements 0-m 107

0M.Yl . r r r l


Course Notes

Communicating the Policy

Sending the policy to all employees Printing the policy in company publications Printing the policy as a poster for notice boards Discussion of the policy in group or personal communications Including the policy in training courses

XSI. OHSMS Covrw 109 O A I R l p . R d


Course Notes

Sample Safety Policy

International Food Indurtri.r OH) safety, heam a d Emimmmntrl hwugmmt Paticy

The management of IF1 is committed to the protection from accidental loss to its employees and property assets. In fulfilling this commitment, we will pmvide and maintain a safe and healthful work environment as indicated by acqmble indusby business practices and full uwnpliance with legislative requirements. We will strive to eliminate any foreseeable hazards which may result in fires, security losses, damage to properly and p e m a l injuries and illnesses, through e(lorts to conslant tisk reduction activities.

(WBIOCarr 111 ou.Y).-


Course Notes

4.3 Planning 4.3.3 Objectives

Establish and maintain documented OH&S objectives for each relevant function and level in the organization Consideration must be given to legal and other requirements, OH&S hazards and risks, technological options, financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties Consistent with the OH&S policy, including commitment to continual improvement

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Policy and Objectives

Objectives: - Typically set for the organization as a

whole, or depa&mentai level - Quantified whem ptactirzable - Dnput and output oriented

SMART Objectives and Targets

Specific Measurable Agreed Reaiistic Time-bound

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Relation between Policy, Objective

Policy + ObjeetiveslTargets

Policy To minimize injuries and iliraesses

I to employees

T

To reduce the accident rate by Objective half over the next two fiscal years

I * Ta reduce the number of back

Target injuries in Shipping & Receiving by 20% far fiscal year 2000.

Evaluating the Risks in Loss Exposures and Determining the

Degree of Control

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Course Notea

Risk Assessment

. . . . . Is the process by which results are considered against judgment, standards and criteria to show that measures are in place and adequate

41l1 OWbl8cp.r % 121 0 M ~ -

KH Consulting Engineen

- - -

Risk Assessment

Asks the questions: - What can go wrong? - How serious would it be? - How likely is it to happen? -What should we do about it? %-

IJM -Cm I27 e.l.Y.-

Course Notes

Risk Assessment

How many people here haw c w r done a r ~ s k assessment?

Every person on the planet has, a t least several times a day, undertaken a risk assessment of sorts.

What they may not haw not done is undertaken a planned program o f structured risk assessments, and documented them together with a list of actions for improvement!

What you will learn on this course is how t o plan, undertake and document risk assessments, identify actions to reduce risk, and set priorities for risk management.

OHSMS C- 129 OM^^


-

rII Risk It!!!

The c w c p t of Risk A- is not m

I t it d i q i tmt we 011 &, consciwsly tw &consciousP/. cusv dav. We asses risk to mintoin ar pcrronol well baing, cg. n k c

- crossing a busy rood - walking rp / dam h i m - predicting the wmther - upsetting yow b o d

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m -0lr I31 0n.Y.-

Course Notes

Shall I Risk It ?

bepending upon:

- the mture of the

- the potcntiol outcome of exposure to the hazard, and

- the probobilily of that outcome oc~lrring,

.... we may feel the need to seek a method to;

- g w p the potential risk in some way,

- with a view to nducinq the risk.

- by improving the controls and defences in place OWMS C- 133

O N R h M , l l r m d -


rII Risk It!!! (A Group Exercise)

F'mt-Whatarihehazmir?

Lctl think about something simph thnt we all do evsy day.

h i m a roog

Nuct- Whatcontrolrarcinphcc?

s c c 4 n d - W h D t i s t h p o h n t i a ~ w t t 0 n a o f ~ t o e a h h o z a d ? -.....Soarpugoingtotukethr:rift?

I

I m I

QIPO- 0u.L- I

-

Course Notes

Risk Manaqement

There is a direct connection between;

- The causes of major disasters, fatalities, etc and - Minor 'everyday' incidents

€9. How many times haw you "nearly' been hit by a vehicle whilst crossing the road ?

Risk assessment has IY major role to play in managing risk, by reducing the probability that incidents (the war miss) will occur.

I t is often only a matter of chance that a *new-miss' incident will result in serious injury, deuth or serlous damage t o plant etc

OHSMS C o w 137 aAUw.IM

J


So What is Risk Assessment ?

The syshmiic identif id ion of the kuardr associated with:

Locotknr-thcarcuhwkwrork

R # . s s @ ~ @ n m t - t h c ~ i n g p b n t & e g * p n w n t

-by 60ulpwnt - took. vchicks, rtc

Tado-thc~thotpaopkdo

&~M'iaddoculnrntation~ftheridoorssdotdrritholl *uWf i i~hwklcnobktstomomgtr isk inthe naJlcpbcc, ond pnwt ka.

Course Notes

So What is Risk Assessment 3

Occupationnl Health & Safety Risk Assessments can not be dom in isolation from the location, task, equipment, or process.

I t is more than just a paper exercise.

Occupat io~l H e ~ l t h & Safety Risk Assessment is an ac t iw process involving the assessors ond the operators in the plant or location where the task or process is being carried out.

Obserwtions must be made of how things ore actunlly donc in practice, and not how they should be done according t o procedure.

OHSMS C o w 141 O N m ' m s r m l

M Consulting Engineers

What is the outwt from a Risk Assessment 3

A individual risk assum& hid:

Identify all thc hnzds involvrd (with loat ion/+M) Idcntify what controls and defences we oCcody in pbcc

~luotethcavrrityofocposurtothchmad - Estimutc thc probobilii (likelihood) thot ucponrr will i u k pbcr Qulitatiwly Score. a Ronk. the risk

Naglgibk + Lar + Mediun + High + Umaaptobk

lheaJsurnvnteanthu,bereviavcdforoptionrtolrducrlhe inhwnt risk we will discuss ha this OM be don bhr ad)

-Eoa I 0 oulyr,,

Course Notes

What is the output from a Risk Assessment Prosram?

A risk assessment progmm should;

Identify those locations, plont, equipment & tasks where there is a 'significont risk' of loss.

Allow the prioritismtion of actions and / or resource to reduce "signif~cant risks' to 'tolembk risks*, or t o minimisc risk.

OWMSCovr 145 0AlIICp-


Content of the 'Risk Assessment' Documentation

A s u i l u b k a n d d f i c * n t R i d c ~ w i l r e f l o c t l r h o t c n p k y a a rc rcasomblyucp lchdtobobanthc~

a~wc' '"''jcmpZ with thir octivitiu.

A risk osmment hould &toil:

-Thcforucobkhamds - H a l o s r / h a n c w l d o c c w f r o m t h o r ~ -Toirh#nawhatthatloss/hcrmcwldocar -Thcrurityofthatbsr/han - The controls 6 ckf- in p b a t o pr- loss - A risk d n g (e.g Chrsifiiion o Scar)

R isksthdarehot rco~ombkyfaucabk 'wauk lnotk~to be antiiipatd beyund the limits o f cvnnt b k + .

-ca WI 0 A m . C -

The ' W t o Risk Assessment

The Key to wdwi&ing a 'suiik md sufficient' Risk Aswmmt isthc~ardoccudcidcni i f ieot ionof:

TheHnzardsinogiwmrituotim

H a r t h o r ~ m y b s r c o l i r d

+ W h o / W h a t c o u l d k h o m c d a ~ o r ~ ~ k

191 -60 Is1 . M I -

Course Notes

-

Risk Assessment Event Modeling

Minutes

KII Time Week OWMS C w a 153

C N ~ a m r


Why Risk Assessment?

Can we tolerate the risk? What are cost effective alternatives? How can we prioritize?

IJM (SBgc.m- UI OM--

Course Notes

Goals of Occupational Health and SafetyILoss Control Management

0WMS- 157 Q N W -


Identify All Loss Exposures

Planned Inspections Group Meetings Accident Investigations and Analyses Employee Surveys OH&S Management System A u d i Other Activities

m -Ca 1- .Yl+l lk l

Course Notes

Evaluate the Risk in Each

Frequency of exposures: - How often could it happen? Risk Severity: - If it happened, how bad would it be? Probability of loss: -What is the likelihood or chance of it

happening?

m OHJMSCovv 161 c u w -


Course Yota

Develop a Plan

KH Consufdng Engineers

Implement the Plan

* Set Standards, Objectives and Targets Train Employees Put ta wark

OllSMF, Count e MI R k h t : R a o n d

E;H Consulting Engineers

Course Notes

Monitor the Ptan

* Measure and monitar perfomance I

a Evaluate progress against standads, objectives and targets Commend and corred perfomance


Course Notes

Princip e of Basic Causes

Solutions to problems are more effective when they treat the basic or root causes


Course Notes

Principle of CriticalNital Few

The majority (80%) of any group of effects is produced by a relatively small number (20%) of causes

KH Gonsult~ng Engineers

Princip e of Mulltiple Causes

Accidents and other problems are seldom, if ever, the result of a single c~a8198.


Course Notes

Management Functions

* LeadingiDirecting


Course Notes Dec-0 I

P E M E Relationships (People, Equipment, Material, Environment)

Kfl Consulting Engineers

Ii)l Consulting Engineers

- - -

Course Notes

Accidents and Incidents

Accident: Undesired event giving rise to death, ill health, injury, damage or

Inckdent: Event that gave rise to an accident or had the potentiai to lead to lead to an a~~iident

OkISMS Counc


Loss Causation Model


Course Notes DL%-0 8

Loss

Undasired @vent giving rise to death, ill healths iojury, damage or other loss.


Course xotcs Dec -0 t

Accident Ratio Study

C.%BkgS CaBX

E;H Consulting Engineers

Gaursi: Notes

Accident Costs

injury and fllness Costs

UrsEnsured MIsc@lrarn@oaas Costs

Ledgar Costs of Propam Damage {Uni~sumd Costs)


*Caught between -Contact with -Overstress

Course Notes

Immediate Causes

~ ~ - [ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ Control Causes

Substandard Conditions Substandard Acts or Practices .Inadequate guarddbaniers .Failure to warn .Inadequate PPE *Failure to obey rules .Defective toolslequipment .Failure to follow procedures -Congestion .Removing Safety Devices .Inadequate Warning System .Improper lifting .Disorder .Failure to use PPE .Inadequate Ventilation .Sewicing operating equipment .Inadequate Illumination .Hor?eplay

OlWElCarr 193 O N l l y a -


Basic Causes

System I Job Factors Persod Facton -1nadequab Ludrnhip .Inrd.qcnt.-WW *Irud.qwta Engimrll~p *LHkdimorukdg. *Irudequab Purchuhg -Ladl of SLll

*sb.l. .bnprop.r -

*InadeqwtaMalnt.nuK. *WurMdTar ~ ~ M d M ~

-QD *n.C-

Course Notes

Lack of Control

-=)- Controt causes

lnadequate System lnadequate System Standards lnadequate Compliance with Standards

KW OHSMS C o u v 197 OM^^


Course Nates

Activities for Managing


Course Notes

Do pre-job planning Decide inspections to be done Set up training program Pegarm risk assessments

OlfSMS C o m e 8 AB RJzhfs Rmnni


Course Notes

System Standards

What is to be dune? When and haw often is to be done? Who is ta do it?


Course Notes

Measure Perdormance

* Site inspections conducted Safety meetings held Management reviews completed

* New contractor orientations requ iredlperfomed

KH Consulting Ewtgkcers

Course Kotes

. .

Course Notes

CommendICorrect

Commsnd: "Mohamed, you kave "ABy, let's go aver that

you how to get at the ate. ! appreci~tg basic cau~es-"

MH Consulting Engineers

- Management Control Involves

+ - s arupuurbr 4- R 4 * g = d p g . l l l -rtrw.

*on-

Urn~rclo u*ting --(. m-

T

R T U U I l l l D RYlp -- E--Cbr*rara(kllol

+

COYYWHOl -c-

sYSTEMoR(Iwm - mwmAncE - m -Car I1 *u.L-

1

- -

Course Notes

Risk Assessments

Process for evaluating, measuring and ranking risks Determines whether systems, facilities, activities, products and services are acceptable in terms of safety or other types of risk Quality checkpoint - ensures systematic approach Decision aiding process, leading to establishment of 'significance". m OHSMSCnnc 213

o*uR%m-


Considerations for conducting a formal risk assessment

1. Purpose and ultimate use 2. Definition of what is to be analyzed 3. Principal concern categories 4. Known assumptions and constraints 5. Historical data sources to be used 6. Time constraints 7. Personnel required 8. Methods to be used m -as 211

.u.C-

-~ - p~

Course Notes

Typical Applications for Risk Assessments

Safety and operability reviews Development of safe operating procedures Reviews of existing procedures Pre-start-up safety reviews Plant and facility risk assessments Risk assessment of operations Risk assessment of all planned changes

m OHSMSCano 217 O M r w u I M


Course Notes Dec-0 1

Establishing the Degree of Control

a Unacceptable R k k

3 E I

Rlrk control.

z required C .

Y

I4 L A#epta#c tusk (some controrr m y

L M H at111 be jurtlfisd)

m. Probability OKPMSCarr 219

OM-'


Course Notes

W i W J Y

"trr" 19 -1 &I

Jqua&a

clriU

@ i J H i r h

W! c%

OWSMS Coune m QM-Rrrrd

Risk Criteria and Tolerance

High Rlek 4 Intolerable


Moderate Risk

"slgnlficant"

Tolerable If ALARP

(As Low As Reasonably Practicable)

PossIbl y UsIgnlficant"

Low Risk 7 Negllgi ble

m. OHSMS Counc PI - + O A P l u g m l R d

Factors in Threshold Level of Risk Toleration

Background risk Availability of resources Availability of capital Availability of practical solutions Previous loss history / experience Contingency plans External factors Management discretion rn QPDaCII m

.Am--

Course Notes

r

Group Risk Assessment

A Semi-Quantitative Approach to OHSAS 4.3.1 A practical way to evaluate: -Activities, Products and Services -Work situations - Processes - Loss exposures, risks and hazards

rm o m s c- n5 oum'm-

&hj l+d @Cy @

. \ , l" , f ~ l W J U l & S r l i r r r l , . l & + 2 * - :&L+i3q..G&bd -

G a l , &4;1.11J ' U i l - &I1 dlr -

&l+Lll-

>UlJ dijl+J13 ;jU 6.h -

o m s ~ ~ n c 27.6 a u ~ -


Steps for Conducting a Group Risk Assessment

Define System I Scope Identify item(@ List concern@) State impact explanation and rating State probability explanation and rating Determine risk level Plan risk controls Know the residual risks

JN on-- -Coa m

Course Notes

Task Hazard Analysis

Task Analysis Methodology Job Hazard Analysis Job Safety Analysis Task Based Risk Assessment

m OHSMSCnnc n9 0 A I I I I I y I -


Task Based Risk Assessment

A structured Methodology to Identify: Foreseeable hazards associated with tasks Identify who may be at risk and how Evaluate level of risk Identify and recommend controls and

Develop solutions Final Obiective:

Eliminate or minimize hazards and risks

Course Notes

Jobs and Tasks JOB:

A function in the organization, e.g. plant operator, warehouse operator, lab technician, which consist of number of task TASK:

A specific activity undertaken while somebody is doing their job, e.g., charging a mixing vessel, loading finished goods for dispatch, performing a particular analytical test.

A task can be broken down into a sequence of m steps OlISMS c- 233 C N ~ ~


Course Notes


Analysis that follows the "Team Work" approach and involves employees from different departments Steps include

Preparing list of all tasks in workplace Analysis to all tasks to identify critical tasks Prioritization of critical tasks Performing task analysis

KW OWMS Cnrr 737 OM--



Obiective is: Evaluate tasks ldentify hazards ldentify controls and safeguards to eliminate or reduce hazards Define and agree on operating procedures

That leads to Eliminate or minimize hazards and risks by prevention

m -CII 9)

om-,

Course Notes

Hazards to look for:

Moving mechanical Poor ventilation parts Tripping Electricity Poor illumination Manual handling Highl low Dust temperature Steam Moving vehicles Noise Chemicals Slipping

KEI OHSA4S C- 241 O N l u p l -

J k Y I $ w3 f l JbliofI

+dl t d l - ur;. wIs+ 0 1 4 - 91 - eL&ll -

+II ~ L Y I - 3341 J J I ~ - 1- S J \ ~ ~ A > - - J. k u . -

UP JWI - dl+ $1 c, lJ~l - #I -

qL# - ~YjiYl -

OHS.(S c- 242 QUru'm-


Work Place Risk Assessment People at risk

Factory operators Maintenance personnel Contractors Non-experienced workers Temporary labor Cleaning team members Lab technicians Office staff

-CII n3 .Am--

Course Notes


Gettina started Obtain commitment and support of line management Select teams Appoint team leaders (supervisor or first line manager) Provide training to teams Communicate the program to employee groups

M OHSMS co- W O M ~ l l l m r

KH Consulting Engineem

Course Notes


*Prepitre an inventory of tasks *Prioritize tasks amording to haz8rds *Select the tasks to be analyzed (Critical Tasks) *Define tasks *Break the tasks dam into a 8@qxsmt of Steps *Evaluate the hazards and risks ira step

*Cornpie&? the documentation in a stwdud format 4mptemeatt the mfltrol measures *Review the pmxtss

KH Consu king Ertgtneers

Course Notes Dec-0 1

Risk Eva "Seve ritv"

Wdf~jor injuy, disabling, ilness. 6 major d ~2 - ........... ----- . -. ...... - . .-- - ... . . . . . . . ........

LTA, ilness, damage i 4 ..., .--- -. ............... --- .............

Minor injury, minor injury i 2 --- .- .- --- ........ ............. . I+------.-

Delay only ! 1

KH Consulting Engirreers

Course Notes

Risk Evaluation "Probability"


Course Notes


* Consequence

Risk = Probability x Gonsequen~e


Implementation of THA

Commitment Teams Training Analysis Evaluation and recommendation Implementing recommendations Reviewing and auditing m cumnbrr lu

0u.y.-

.

Section 6

Planning and Developing the OHSMS Documentation

ma -Ca m o u . y . I ,

Course Notes

Need For Operational Control

1 -What to Consider Output from OHLS risk assessment The identified significant OHLS risks Legal requirements

2 - Examples Purchase andlor use of substances, goods, equipment 8 services Use of eklernal resources Hazardous tasks Hazardous materials Design and maintenance of safe plant and equipment

O W S Co- 259 O * O ~ ~


Planning Activities

Establish documented rr-

procedures and work instructions

- - Specify operating criteria in the - - -- w- = procedures -

4 - -

Periodically review procedures I

and work instructions 6 - -Qrr %I

0.I.YI- -

Course Notes

&.ling &I++ spn ,a\&\., %\A p eL;n -

s&JI ~Idl, abwl& el$ - LiL,,w\, ~l,.ll &PI J,lJ;I\ -

~L&sUl p l L I J &.PI &Lzll - & \ d l 3

JLtl JJL &LiS -ui; - -

+jrl 2 Wl - r s r l d l , p.4 (9v1 +I -

OWMS Co- l64 O U ~ ~

Control of Purchase and Use of Substances, Goods, Equipment and Services

ur.* lq.Mm "-.m I


-M

Purchase or transfer of hazardous -' I

1 chemicals, moteriols ond substoces Safe handling of moterials and chemicals Safe operution and use o f machinery ond - equipment -

-

L- M.

L.OIL~.- CI*~W. -.so*. a-

w L - d '-'.-Is-.-

-C • Evaluation of the competence of w.rrmm. I.*..-

controctws Control of the &ivities of contractors Sofe design of plant and equipment

- 4

Mw-

I 4

OHSMS C o r n Q M R I W l l r a *

Wakp 263

New or Changed Workplace, Installations, Equipment and Operating Procedures

w systems t o consider the 1- - ---

O M S risks of: I I m m -

Work organisation Workplace

- (Ian

lY*r 1- 1- -..--

1L.r. -- Process installatiow

- Equipment

-1..

Operating procedures I 4 -- - %s

0II IY.-

Course Notes

Setting up Systems

Put in place effective systems for

Detection and reporting Investigation Analysis of Causes Elimination of Root Causes

- - - h"

OHSMS co- - 267 4 M R l p l -


System Scope

Existing OHBS management systems and procedures Emergency plans Outputsfrom hazard iderMcation, risk assessment and control Performance monitoring and repoh Harard repocts . Maintenance 8 service reports

-corr am m u m - I

Course Notes


System Content Define responsibilities Define reporting requirements

Be applicable to all personnel

--*. - -.,. -.I- -

Include property damage

Define courses of action mu- -. -- A - - -- -" -

. OHSMSCam 271 O A U R l W l R ~

Immediate Action First aid and medical care

Actions to mitigate c o ~ c e s

l Appropriate, proportionate I

invcstigation

Coordination with emergency phn

I m OIQa- m

m u I Y . b . 4 J

Course Notes

Serious Accident and Incidents m-a - --- - -.- -.

C - Ms.- -

Formal investigation -.- (within criteria and time scales) -C1

IC

Reporting to the Authorities (in accordance with legal requirements)

-" m -

OHSMS C- 21s 0*1mp&."..d


Records

Results of immediate inveswations Reports of detailed investigation . Associated documentation dependent on: - the seriousness d lhe acddent or inddent

- the pdential for harm from a similar future event

I(LL -Car m .UP+.-

Course Notes

-

Corrective & Preventive Action

Short and long term measures Impacts on hazard identification and assessment (e.g. the need for updates) Recorded any necessary changes to procedures -,.... -. Update of risk controls -- -

ma. o m s Cnnc 279 O A I R l r n R d

i& &\el2! - JAUI + & & l J & i & i l - Lfiw J! bu &) ->

(-1

al.12yl & &I& q l &di - -*-, b.4 &Ljjw $ +I GW - w. L - *.

U1

m - --A

OWMS C- 280 0 A I R l c -


Follow-up and Review

Check permanency and effectiveness of actions - - -

.II

Overdue actions to be reported immediately P -..

.I- I 1

Review system periodica

oIB1Q- 1 1

I m 0Am.Y.-

Course Notes

7

Conclusions from Data Analysis

Accident and illness M-11. - data are vital indicators of OH&S performance

Caution should be taken in establishing trends

m OHSMS C m 213 OUIRIy.a.m".d

&. &a$, &Jl,dl &Lb i)+ - .-.$ c l ~ 9 &\+@I

*I U I ,

~ f l b w i & Y w - &+ &I,%

OHSMS C o w 214 OUI Rcy, 8-4


Monitoring and Communicating Results

Analyses and conclusions to be circulated to top management Data about responses = to report incidents and .-I . - lessons learned --

m -" PBYICoa

- m .n.y.-

Course Notes

Plan Occupational health and safety Risks

Legal and other Requirements

Objectives and Targets

Management Programme@) OHSMSCnrr 8 7

O A Y W R m l


chusc Notes

Plan Terms Accident & Incident Environmental Aspect & Impact Hazard Near Miss Objectives & Targets Risk & Tolerable Risk Significant

m -aa OYI+.,,

ad

- -~ -

Course Notes

Structure and responsibility Competent Person(s) Training, awareness and

Communication


Do 2

Management System Documentation Document Control Y 1 Operational Control Emergency preparedness and response

K!M OllDBCorr

PI m

0n.C-

Course Notes

Do Terms

Management System

Organisation

KW o m s c o r n 295 O M - R d

Wyt ~~ ..

49J I~yl ,u;;n - ,&dl -

OHSMS C- 296 O M P * * I I M

M Consulting Engineers

Check

Monitoring and Measurement

and preventative action Records

T I Non-conformance and corrective

SHE Management Systems Audit

-Carr m

1 rn 0An.c-

Course Notes

Check Terms

Performance

Audit

Assessment

KH

k3 OHSM C o u r 299

B A l l l l U l R n l


Management Review Management Reviews should indude:

Results from audits; The extent to which objectives and targets are M The continuing suitability of the SHE management systems in relation to changiqg conditions and information; Concerns from relevant interested parties.

m -QD d b I .-IS.-

Course Notes Dec-01

Management System Documentation

A formal environment where everybody knows y& is responsible for doing what, where, when, how and w. Only critical activities need to be documented.

m o m s Cnnr 3 O A I I I I , l " , ~


Types of System Documents

Manual Procedures Work Instructions Reference Documents Records Emergency Plans Job Descriptions

m -Car

* s

O M I ( L k . l

Course Notes

-

4.4 Implementation & Operation 4.4.6 Operational Control

The organization shall identify those operations and activities that are associated with identified risks where control measures need to be applied. The organization shall plan these activities, including maintenance, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions by: - Establishing and maintaining documented

procedures to cover situations where their absence could lead to deviations from the OH&S policy and the objectives

OHSMS co- 7 O U R I # h -

-

~*~ t - t

trw 7- f -1

U+IJ.JI UilJ ~ L $ d l J#+ %+I dl - F l C~I+lsl>j &k~ $1 ~lrlijwb

~ ~ I ~ ~ & ~ ~ ~ ~ I u ~ ~ I ~ :&A & &, r d l L,$U lit. l r y s 6 U

d~ .J l JS j LjA ~ l ~ l ~ ! &!4 &IL, p, - t W l , u l % 4 y l ~ ' ~ ~ ~ q ~ ~ d ~

.&lA.l, &I

OHSMSCnnc 8 O M a t p . r u m r


4.4 Implementation & Operation 4.4.6 Qmational ControI

- Stipulating operating critetia in tha procedums - Establishing and maintainln~ procedures

related to the identiffed OH&S risks of goods, equipment and services purchased andlor used by the organiution and communicating between relevant procedures and raquirements to suppliers and conhctom

- Establishing and maintaining procedums for the design of workplace, prucess, installation, machinery, operclting proadurn md wwk insbudions and work arganization, including their adaptation to human capabilities, in older to eliminate or reduce OHaS risks at their

OlBYSColr 9 O U l y r L l l l

Course Ndes

-

Task

A segment of work which requires a set of specific and distinct actions for its completion

m OWMSCoum I1 O M i u ~ R ~


Critical Task

A task which has the potential to produce major loss to people, property, process and/or environment when not performed properly

m -- U 0 A B . L -

Course Notes

K H Consulting Engineers

The Process

Identify Critical Tasks +

Analyze Critical Tasks

* -Reduce Tasks into Steps .Plnpoln( bw exposures -Make an Improvement check .Develop conhob -

+ I + Write Procedures Write Practices

1 I T

I Put to work I + Review & update

0)1SMs caru 15 OAUIUllhl lrm.

Identifying Critical Tasks

Inventory all occupations Inventory all tasks in each occupation Identify the critical tasks

/ - -

m -Car I7 .AD--

Course Notes

Identifying Critical Tasks

Consider.. . . . . . .

Can it result in major loss while being done? Can it result in major loss after being done? How bad is the loss likely to be? How often could it happen?

I(H OHSMS C o u r 19 @ A n I U p . ~


Factors of Task Criticality

Severity Potential Frequency of exposure Probability of loss

rn o u m - -Ca II

Course Notes

Risk Evaluation Criteria

Severity: - Also called "consequencesn - Many methods, criteria, measurements -Often defined in terms of "majof, "serious",

"minor", "lost time", "negligiblen, etc. - For OH&S, needs to be defined for both

people and property, or other related categories

m oI(SMS cwnc 23 O A l m p n d


Sample OH&S Severity Criteria

-Qlr z¶ a=--

d

Course Notes


Frequency: -Also called exposure - Defines how often a hazardous event

occurs - Broken up by time intervals: "many times a

day", "dailyn, "weekly", "monthly", etc. -The higher the frequency, the higher the

risk

m OHSMS C- 27 ONrnILbn-"d


Sample OH&S Frequency Criteria

-- b *MIL.-

Course Notes


Probability: - Also called likelihood - The expectation of a loss when a hazardous

event occurs - Can be expressed qualitatively "remotely

possible" - Can be expressed quantitatively "once in a

million years or -1 (low), 0 (Medium), +I (high) - Influenced by inherent danger in activity or

difficulty of activity, complexity of activity, chance of loss if activity is improperly

KW pefiO-d OHSMS C o w 31

O N ~ I M


Quantifying the Criticality

Course Notes

Observation and Discussion Technique

1. Select workers to observe 2. Explain the process 3. Observe and record the steps 4. Check task breakdown with worker 5. Repeat steps 2-4 with another worker,

if appropriate 6. Contact other knowledgeable groups

OHSMS C- 35 oAnlll,bI.-


Analysis by Discussion Alone

Gather the most knowledgeable people available Explain the purpose and approach Discuss and record the task steps Present information to another team

m -c.p n 0m.y.-

Course Notes

Pinpoint Loss Exposures

People Equipment Materials Environment

KSI OHSMS C a m % 39 0 All RIEL(. R&


Hazard Classification

Class A Hazard (Major) - A condition or practice likely to cause

permanent disability, loss of life or body part and/or extensive loss of structure, equipment or material. Can be called 'significant'.

m ON-- 41

Course Notes


Class B Hazard (Serious) - A condition or practice likely to cause

serious injury or illness, resulting in temporary disability or property damage that is disruptive but not extensive. May be 'significant".

m o m s c- 43 0 U . y a R ~



Class C Hazard (Minor) - A condition or practice likely to cause

minor, nondisabling injury or illness or non disruptive property damage. Not 'significant'.

-Car 45 0u.y.-

Course Notes

P E M E Relationships (People, Equipment, Material, Environment)

lihii m OHSMS C o w 47

O M RlW R m


Make an Improvement Check

What is the purpose of the step? Is it necessary Can it be improved? Who should do the step? Where is the best place for it to be done? When should it be done?

m -0a 0 *bD-.m*

KH Consulting Engiaeers

Course Notes

Seven Ways to Improve

Eliminate Combine Rearrange Simplify Reduce Substitute

, a r i " " O C a t e O N R I I * I I M OWMS c- 51


Develop Controls

Work Methods PPE usage Outline specific measures for employee action Concentrate on the 'Do's" not the 'Don'ts"

JIlI -(b lJ

a*.-- .

~ p~

Course Notes

Procedures

State purpose of task and its importance Present in a step by step method Give reasons for steps Ensure they are clear, concise, complete and define control measures

o m s Covr 55 O M p I I * . I M


Course Notes


Work Practices Emphasize

Motivation Special problem sources Clothing and personal protection Special devices and equipment Other key areas

m OKPIJCI*~~ n 0wm.h-

I

Course Notes

Put to Work

Orientation Instruction Observation i Maximize your Planned personal OHSMS contacts Implementation Safety talks Investigations Skill Training

m. OHSMS Come 59 OABRlghhUwmd

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Course Notes

Reviewing and Updating

Not less than an established frequency (annually) When an accident involves the task For new equipment or tools For quality problems After a change in an existing risk When employees complain of problems

rn O H S 5 C a r 61 0 N . c . m .

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Course Notes

Manual

P r ~ ~ l d u m a

Wmk lnstructiona

Integrated Business System OHSMS r a m c 63

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OHSMS Cawsc 64 m A I R I ~ M . R - ~ I I . ~


Course Notes

Which Documentation?

IC-

rn CilSMs- 65 0u.y.-


Course Notes

Estimating the Types and Number of Documents

From the flowcharts scope a logical group of activities for a procedure. Activities should include interfaces between functions. Where consequential steps relate to only one function consider referring down to a work instruction Limit the description of the activity to critical tasks explaining who does what where and when. Identify key records which demonstrate compliance with the described process.

OKSMS C o w 67 O A n R I ~ R d

OHSMS Covrc c AU RIWs R u m e l


Course Notes

Estimating the Types and Number of Documents

Beware of justifying your original scope by padding out with unnecessary information. Confirm the matching of inputs and outputs of procedures before detailing the text. There are no hard and fast rules, let logic

Remember, this is only an estimate and it should be carefully reviewed.

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Course Notes

Development of Documentation

Flowchart Draft Circulate and agree Authorize Control Distribution

_I(N OHSMS C o w 71 B A l l R 1 Y R - m .

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OHSMS Cowre 72 QAII R l b , R..rr*.d


Course Notes

The Safety Manual The Management Systems Manual

Road Map of the Organization - Evidence of commitment to Safety and

ability to meet specified requirements - Should comprise:

Organizational overview Process definitions Procedures index and OHSAS 18001 matrix

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Course Notes

Recommended Structure

Overview Business Strategy Process Structure Senior Staff Process Documentation and Requirements Matrix Manual Administration

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Course Notes

Overview

Purpose: - Brief description of the organization - Essential backgroundlhistory - Scope and Style

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Course Notes

Business Strategy

Purpose: - Direction and values - Policy/mission statements - Objectives -Aligned to stakeholder needs

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Course Notes

Process Structure

Describes - Overview - Background - Process outlines

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Course Notes

Senior Staff

Purpose: - Reporting Relationships -Top Level Structure - Reference to Lower Levels

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Course Notes

Process Documentation and Requirements Matrix

To indicate the relationship between external requirements and internal processes and their documentation. A matrix is the most suitable form for such this purpose

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Course Notes

-

Manual Administration

Purpose: - Control of issue -Control of changes

XW OHSMS Course 87 O A0 RCWR-rd

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OHSMS Course 88 B An RIW. R-4


Course Notes

The Procedure

Purpose Scope (Limits of application) Who is responsible for doing What, When and Where How normally in Instructions

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Course Notes

Procedure Content

Purpose Responsibilities Scope The 'Procedure' Reference Measurement Documents Records Definitions Flowcharts

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OHSMS C a m 92 0 *"R@h R#S.r,ld


Course Notes

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Reference Documentation

The documentation that needs to be consulted in order to follow a procedure or work instruction. Usually issued by an external e n t i .

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Course Notes

Definitions

Words, abbreviations and acronyms ambiguous or not readily understood

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OHSMS Courgc 96 @All RlgMs RI-ed


Course Notes

The 'Procedure'

The active part of the document

Outlines who does what, when and


Course Notes

Records

Generated by the process/procedure Demonstrate achievement and effective operation Provide objective evidence.

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Course Notes

Developing the Procedure

Draft the procedure Obtain Comments Check the procedure Approve the procedure

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Course Notes

Writing the Procedure

Direct: - Identifying the person - Identifying the action -Quantifying the action

* Clauses should be readily convertible into questions.

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. FormatsBtyles of

Procedures Conventional Process Based Single Page

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Course Notes

r

Developing lnstructions

Required for critical tasks Balance of Instructions and Training Depth depends on criticality of task and skills of staff. There is no prescribed format.

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Course Notes

Contents of Instructions

As a minimum they should include: - Title - Responsibility - How - Inputs - Outputs

OIPUS- 109 OM--


Course Notes

Emergency Plans

Define: -What to do? - Who does it?

in case of an accident or an incident

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Course Notes Dee-Ol

OHSAS 18001 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response

Organization shall establish and maintain procedures to: - Identify potential for, and responses to,

incidents and emergency situations - Prevent and mitigate the likely illness and

injury that may associated with them


Course Notes

OHSAS 18001 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response

The Organization shall review its emergency preparedness and response plans and procedures, in particular, after the occurrence of incidents or emergency situations: The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable

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Course Notes

Emergency Potential and Response Analysis

Based on Surveys "Significant" - Injuries, illness or health effects - Property damage - Process loss

Fire, flood, tornado, etc. Bomb threats, sabotage

,m!h 0 l l g c I . W OlmASCac 117


Course Notes

-

Surveys to Identify Needs for

Fire Protection Systems Hazard detection and alarm systems Clean up procedures Emergency lighting and power Special emergency and rescue equipment Compliance with codes and regulations Training

I(H. 0MRlpt.brr.l OHSMS C o w 119

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Course Notes

Legal and Other Requirements

The country / Location The industry / Location The size 1 geographic spread The OH&S related activities managed

m -Cap 111 OM--


Course Notes

Responsibility Success Factors

Integration of OH&S factors into the responsibilities of all employees Employees acceptance of the OH&S system Employees know what to do, how to do it and are empowered Communication and reporting channels clearly defined

OHSMS C o w 123 OA.m,l"sR-ld

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OHSMS C ~ V I I ~ 124 BAII Hlahls Ruewed


Course Notes

Responsibility Failure Factors

Lack of definirion. lnsrdlidanl tmining or undcrdrnding R#OUIC~S

Dupliutknof lrolrtknofOHaS mponsibilii coordinatorlrtm Uncbar or insufticknt OHaSfunction

authority rarponsibk for system pa*- - Fngmcnt.tionof Noa1(Mnilthnprwnor

responsibilities reporting p r o c d u m Too many responsibiliis whcn~wna~.k8bs8m on one individual E v a r y o m ~ Lack of coordination someom else is laking

canofit "It's nat my job-

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