Issue #49 October 2015

Naval SITREP Page 2

Table of Contents

The Naval SITREP is edited by Larry Bond and is published biannually by the Admiralty Trilogy Group (AdmiraltyTrilogy.com). Price per digital issue is $3.00 U.S.. Article contributions should be sent to AdTrGroup@aol.com. Include name, postal

address, and phone number. The Admiralty Trilogy is a registered trademark of Larry Bond, Chris Carlson, Ed Kettler, and Mike Harris. Harpoon is a registered trademark of Larry Bond and Chris Carlson. Command at Sea is a registered trademark of Larry Bond,

Chris Carlson, and Ed Kettler. Fear God & Dread Nought is a registered trademark of Larry Bond, Chris Carlson, Ed Kettler, and Mike Harris.

©2015 The Admiralty Trilogy Group

Product UpdatesFeaturesThe S-300/400/500 SAM Series 3Annexes: D2a - S300/400/500 SAM Systems 6 D2 - S-300/400/500 Series Missiles 7 J - S-300/400/500 Series Radars 8 D2 - Chinese S-300 Based SAMs 9The 1927 U-boat Mobilization Plan 10The Chinese YJ-12 Antiship Missile 12Chinese Shipbuilding Developments 13The Albany-class Cruisers 16H4 Scenario: Desert Storm 1990 17The Redut Naval SAM System 19The LCS in 2015: Good News & Bad 20Project 748 - Raiders from the Deep 25Admiral Nakhimov’s Modernization 27China Completes the World’s Largest Coast Guard Ship 28Visit Ship Report: INS Satpura and INS Kamorta 29The Russian Navy Shows its Teeth 31

ObituariesJürgen Rohwer, 1925 - 2015 2

Product Updates 2

Book ReviewsThe Second Pearl Harbor, by Gene Eric Salecher 31Combat Loaded, by Thomas E. Crew 31

Cover: The launch of a 9M96 missile in May of 2014 from the Project 2038.1 corvette Soobrazitelny. The first unit of the improved Stereguischy class, she is the trials ship for the Redut (Redoubt) air defense missile system.

Print Products ATG is pleased to announce that Clash of Arms will continue to sell Admiralty Trilogy print products through their distributors for the foreseeable future. Contact your local game store or retailer.

Legacy Products In addition to developing new games, ATG is working on converting earlier print products to digital format (and eventually to print on demand). We’re working on two of our earliest products right now. Harpoon4.2 is not the fifth edition, which we are still working on, but after fifteen years (H4.1 was published in 2001!), there’s still a lot we can do to update the rules. This “second printing” of the fourth edition will incorporate all the clarifications and expansions that appeared in the Naval SITREP. Chris Carlson and I are also simplifying and reorganizing some sections. Bill Madison is working on a new edition of our very first CaS supplement, Rising Sun. We’ve learned a few things since we wrote the supplement back in 2002. Bill has the added advantage of speaking and reading Japanese, so we can expect good things.

New Games The summer playtests of Dawn of the Battleship and Fields of Fire went well. The rules for DoB (DoBB?) are in draft and will be released later this year, along with our first supplement for the 1890-1903 era, Monroe’s Legacy.

Jürgen Rohwer 1924 - 2015

Naval historian Jurgen Rohwer passed away July 24, 2015. He was 91. During WW II, he served in the Kriegsmarine, including on destroyers and minecraft. The author of over 400 works on naval topics, we reviewed his Stalin’s Ocean-Going Fleet in issue 23 (October 2002). His Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-45 and Axis Submarine Successes of World War Two are standards, and he was regarded as one of the foremost experts on u-boat warfare.

BT

Fields of Fire is farther down the road, in part because the next planned release after DoB will be the second edition of Fear God & Dread Nought, in time for the 100th anniversary of Jutland. Guess what scenarios we’ll be playing at the conventions this summer?

Book Note In the April issue (#48), I reviewed Rikugun, by Leland Ness, the new standard work on the Japanese army in WW II. It’s been a wait for Volume II, which covers weapons. It’s now available, and is as good as the first volume. It’s available on Amazon, but only from third-party sellers.

BT

Syrian cruise missile attack!

see page 31

Sam

ple

file

Issue #49 October 2015

Naval SITREP Page 3

The Double-Digit Threat - The S-300/400/500 Seriesby Larry Bond

The Russians take air defense seriously. While the U.S. has enjoyed air superiority or even “air dominance” in every war it’s fought since WW II, Russia and its allies expect to fight under unfriendly skies. Current Russian doctrine, demonstrated in 2008 in Georgia, and right now in Syria, is to always provide heavy surface-to-air missile (SAM) protection for their operations. This doctrine is justified by the U.S. tactics first demonstrated in Operation Desert Storm in 1991: a massive air campaign using precision-guided munitions, supported by specialized command and control and electronic warfare aircraft. Although first appearing some twenty years ago, the S-300 and its descendants are very capable systems, and have been widely exported. There were three original versions of the S-300, all appearing in the mid-80s: • The S-300P was meant for the air defense forces (the “P” stands for “PVO”). • The S-300V was for the army (the “V” is for “Voyska,” or “ground forces”). • The third version was the naval S-300F, with the “F” standing for “Flot,” or “Fleet.” These original models were replaced in the early 1990s by an improved system, the S-300PMU [SA-20 Gargoyle]. These were produced in large numbers, and are popping up in hot spots around the world. The S-300 series SAMs are used by over a dozen countries, including Greece. The current front-line version of the series is the S-400, which was introduced into Russian service in 2007. It was first offered for export in 2014, presumably after the Russian military had received enough for their needs. Appearing soon is the direct replace-ment for the S-300s, the S-350 Vityaz (“Knight”). It uses a new missile, the 9M96 series. The S-350 is also deployed at sea as the Redut (Redoubt) system (see page 19 for a detailed description of Redut). The newest model, the S-500 Prometheus, was shown in prototype form in 2013. It emphasized extremely long range and a powerful anti-tactical ballistic missile (ATBM) capability, almost on the strategic level. Few details have been made public, but a new missile, the 77N6, a dedicated

antiballistic missile (ABM) weapon, will be used. The S-500 will also fire the same missiles as the S-400 system. There are several potential flash points where the deployment of the S-300 could have a major effect on the current military situation:

Iran The 2007 sale of S-300s was delayed, then canceled in September 2010 after a combination of UN sanctions, international pressure, and possibly some backroom horse trading. Putin’s recent more confrontational policy with the U.S. had him hinting at releasing the weapons even before the nuclear deal was signed. One can argue that with the Iranian bomb program on hold, their need for such missiles is less acute. That has to be gauged against Israel’s willingness to believe that Iranian nuclear weapons development has actually halted. In any case, the Iranian air defense system is so antiquated that it desperately needs an upgrade. The original 2007 contract called for the delivery of five S-300 batteries (sometimes translated as “battalions” from the Russian text) These would most

likely have been the S-300PMU-1 [SA-20a Gargoyle], a system no longer in production. Instead, Iran may receive the newer S-350 Vityaz, which will enter Russian service soon, and Antey, the manufacturer, is eager to export. The alternative would be retired Russian S-300 batteries updated to S-300PMU-2 standard. The exact configuration of the Iranians’ system will remain highly secret, and likely will change as time progresses. A highly complex dynamic between “dumbing down” the system for sale to a foreign customer will be opposed by Antey wanting to bolster the system’s reputation. The poor performance of Russian air defense systems against Western air forces, especially Israel, in the Bekaa Valley (Operation Mole Cricket 19, 1982) and against the Syrian nuclear reactor, (Operation Orchard, 2007) is well known. Israel also had a well-publicized exercise with Greece in 2010. Greece has the S-300PMU-1 and no doubt the IAF worked on tactics to defeat the system. Russian prestige and future arms sales are premised on the belief that their gear works as advertised. There will be an incentive to equip the Iranians not

48N6 launch (S-300PMU-1). The rocket motor doesn’t fireuntil the missile is clear of the launcher.

ausairpower.net

Sam

ple

file

Issue #49 October 2015

Naval SITREP Page 4

only with first-line systems, but also specialized or developmental features, just in case they’re actually put to the test. The arrival of new SAM systems, possibly in 2016, whatever their nature, will not transform the entire Iranian Air Defense Force. Their air defense network is still a cobbled-together collection of old and new equipment. There is no integrated communications network on the national or even a regional level. As important as the defensive capability of the S-300s is, the system’s ability to network and coordinate with other Russian air defense weapons, like the Buk [SA-11] and Tor [SA-15] that are already in the Iranian inventory, is equally useful. Although an S-300 battery can only protect one location, e.g., Isfahan, it can become a “mini-IADS” by linking with these other systems. That combination would be much harder to defeat.

Syria While news reports haven’t mentioned any ground-based SAM units accompanying the Russian troops deployed to Syria, one of the Russians’ early moves was to send the Project 1164 Slava class cruiser Moskva to the area, not only to escort the ships bringing supplies, but to remain in the area and project a long-range SAM umbrella over their people. Given the confused situation in Syria, with European, U.S., Israeli, Turkish, and now Russian as well as Syrian aircraft operating over the country, attacking either the Islamic State (ISIS), the rebels, or the Kurds, the rules of engagement for the air defense forces must be complex. As long as Western aircraft attack only ISIS targets, there’s no reason for the Russians to shoot at them. The question is, does everyone agree on which forces are Assad’s, which are rebel, and which are ISIS?

The South China Sea China’s recent island-building operations in the South China Sea gives them the ability, if not the intention, to base long-range SAMs on the islands. China already claims the region as an exclusive economic zone, and often treats them as territorial waters. Long-range air search radars on those islands would be important in monitoring the area, and they could quickly be supported by SAM batteries if they wanted to enforce that claim. China has purchased at least two dozen S-300 series SAM batteries. The S-300PMU was purchased in 1991, followed by the S-300PMU-1 in 1994, and the S-300PMU-2 in 2004. In April 2015, China signed an order for six S-400 batteries. In addition to the systems bought from Russia, China has also developed an indigenous system, the HQ-9. Although usually claimed by Western sources to have reached initial operational capability (IOC) around 1998, the U.S. Department of Defense Annual Report to Congress in 2005 (page 32) explicitly stated the HQ-9 had “yet to enter the inventory.” Following annual reports suggest that IOC was around late-2005 to 2006. Subsequent reporting indicates that an extended range variant, the HQ-9A, is close to reaching IOC. Placing S-300 series/HQ-9 SAM systems on these islands would present a challenge for U.S. aviation. Against the less well-equipped air arms of the South China Sea littoral nations, they are deadly.

The Naval Dimension The S-300P’s naval counterpart is the S-300F [SA-N-6 Grumble]. This was the high-end area defense SAM on the Kirov and Slava-class crusers in the final years of the Soviet Navy. The Chinese purchased the Rif-M, an export version of the S-300FM [SA-N-20], (an upgraded S-300F that is only installed on Pyotr Velikiy) for the Type 051C [Luzhou] DDGs. They only built two of that class, but there are six Type 052C DDGs with the HHQ-9, and there will be at least ten of the Type 052D DDGs, as well as the new Type 055 cruiser, with the HHQ-9A . And with the resurgence of the Russian shipbuilding industry, a new high-end naval SAM, the Redut (Redoubt), the naval version of the S-350 Vityaz, is being fitted to Russian warships. See the article on page 19 for a detailed description of Redut.

The Korean Connection The Vityaz/Redut may draw on the cooperative KM-SAM program between Russia and South Korea (Yes, that’s right. The South, not the North). Designed to replace the U.S. Hawk, it will enter service later this year or early 2016.

The First Line The current front line SAM, the S-400 Triumf [SA-21 Growler] was originally called the S-300PMU-3 [SA-10d Grumble], because it was thought to be an incremental improvement of the series, but tirned out to be an entirely new system, with longer engagement ranges and improved ECCM capability. Production in Russia has just reached the point where they can start exporting it. In spite of its own HQ-9 and HQ-9A versions, China has purchased six batteries. And a single battery has been in Algeria since the spring of 2015. Many other countries, most already S-300 operators, are interested in the system.

S-350 Vityaz TELbatona.net

Sam

ple

file

Issue #49 October 2015

Naval SITREP Page 5

The Future The S-500 looks similar to the earlier systems, but the manufacturer claims it is an entirely new missile. It was shown in 2013, but only in prototype. It may enter service later this decade. The system also uses two different fire control radars. The 76T6 handles aerodynamic targets, and the 77T6 is a dedicated ABM engagement radar.

Ballistic Missile Defense Like Patriot, most of the S-300/400 series, have some anti-tactical ballistic missile (ATBM) capability. The S-500 is purpose-built to deal with ballistic missiles. The West does not use ballistic missiles as much as other countries, like Iran or China, but our MGM-104 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) does fit in this category, and the Russians know intermediate-range ballistic missile like Pershing could reappear, if policy were to change. Modeling ballistic missile attacks and defenses is hard, with so much depending on position and the kinematics of the missile that it can only be depicted as a series of die rolls. Look at how we handled ballistic missile attacks in Persian Incursion. We don’t expect ballistic missile defense to become part of the standard Harpoon rules, but we will cover it where it’s part of the scenario without losing ourselves in the math.

Nomenclature The western term for a collection of SAM launchers and their associated control equipment is a “battery.” The Russian term is “battalion.” Several battalions make up a regiment. If battalions of two types of missiles, like the S-300 and the Buk, for example, are netted together with a single acquisition radar and command post, they are called a brigade. This article will use the term “battery.” Typically, a Russian SAM battery will have two acquisition/search radars and one fire control/guidance/engagement radar (although the S-500 breaks that rule). The primary search radar will be a long-range 3D set, supported by a shorter-ranged radar optimized for low-altitude detection. The ST-68U Tin Shield and 5N66 Clam Shell is standard with an S-300P battery. The guidance radar will be able to support multiple intercepts with a pair of missiles each. It is limited in azimuth, though. Early guidance radars could only cover a 60° arc. Later ones have a 90° arc. They are of course cued by the acquisition

S-400 Triumf battery. There could be as many as six 92N6 fire control radars,each controlling up to six TELs

armyrecognition.com

(continued on page 11)

radars. The S-500 is the only system that is known to be able to have more than one guidance radar. A regiment will have its own command post, as well as other specialized radars and sensors supporting all the batteries under its control. If there is a national IADS, the regiment would be netted into it.

Structure All these systems share some common characteristics. They are mobile, either on a wheeled 6x6 or 8x8 trucks, or as towed semitrailers. There are few tracked vehicles. The search and guidance radars, because of their size, are carried on separate vehicles. A battery will always have a command post, one or two search radars, an engagement radar, and multiple TELs (Transporter Erector Launchers). All the missiles in the S-300/400/500 series are launched from the now-familiar vertical canisters, carried two, or more commonly four, to a launcher. The S-350 carries twelve missiles.

Staying Alive The first models, the S-300P and S-300PT-1 that appeared in the early 80s, used cables to connect the different vehicles in the battery. Location and distance from

the rest of the battery was obviously limited by the length of the cables. Battery setup time was one hour for those with the trailer-mounted radars, two hours if the radars were on a tower. Starting with the S-300PS in 1985, the vehicles are netted together with microwave radio links. Elements can be as much as two kilometers from the command post. This allows them to take advantage of the terrain, or avoid obstructions to fire. It also extends the effective range of the battery. And it means that seeing a launch doesn’t tell you much about the location of the critical radars and command post (CP). In fact, the CP can be put in a hardened location and use a relay to communicate with the rest of the battery. Defending against the air defense suppression threat has become a major consideration in operating a SAM battery. While early missiles required continuous radiation by the guidance radar (Cmd, SARH, TVM), later missiles with I/M/TSARH or I/M/TARH guidance only require a known target location for launch, then radio updates, with the guidance radar energizing only for the actual engagement. That initial detection and location could even be provided by a Kolchuga

Big Bird acquisition and battle management radarMobile command post

Grave Stone engagement & FC radar

Cheese Board acquisition radar

TELs (up to 12) @ 4 msls

Mobile Mast System

Sam

ple

file

Issue #49 October 2015

Naval SITREP Page 6

An

nex

D2a

- R

uss

ian

S-3

00/

400/

500

Ser

ies

Su

rfac

e-to

-air

Mis

sile

Sys

tem

s

A

cqui

sitio

n G

uid

ance

M

issi

les

Targ

ets/

Nam

e M

issi

le(s

) G

uid

ance

G

en

Rad

ar

Rad

ar

per

TE

L b

atte

ry

IOC

R

emar

ks

Firs

t G

ener

atio

n:

S-3

00P

/PT

5V

55K

C

md

2 S

T-68

U T

in S

hiel

d 5N

63 F

lap

Lid

A

4 4@

2 m

sls

1978

P

VO

ver

sion

[S

A-1

0a G

rum

ble]

5N66

Cla

m S

hell

60°

firin

g ar

c.S

-300

PT-

1 5V

55K

D

Cm

d 2

ST-

68U

Tin

Shi

eld

5N63

S F

lap

Lid

B

4 4@

2 m

sls

1983

[S

A-1

0a G

rum

ble]

5N66

Cla

m S

hell

S-3

00P

S

5V55

R

TV

M

3 S

T-68

U T

in S

hiel

d 5N

63S

Fla

p Li

d B

4

6@2

msl

s 19

83

90°

firin

g ar

c.

[SA

-10b

Gru

mbl

e]

5N

66 C

lam

She

llS

-300

PM

U

5V55

RD

T

VM

3

ST-

68U

Tin

Shi

eld

5N63

S F

lap

Lid

B

4 6@

2 m

sls

1990

[S

A-1

0c G

rum

ble]

5N66

Cla

m S

hell

S-3

00F

For

t 5V

55R

T

VM

3

Top

Sai

l, To

p S

teer

3R

41 V

olna

--

6@

2 m

sls

1983

N

avy

vers

ion

[S

A-N

-6b

Gru

mbl

e]

To

p P

air

[Top

Dom

e]S

-300

F F

ort

5V55

RD

T

VM

3

Top

Sai

l, To

p S

teer

3R

41 V

olna

--

6@

2 m

sls

1990

[S

A-N

-6a

Gru

mbl

e]

To

p P

air

[Top

Dom

e]S

-300

FM

For

t-M

48

N6

TV

M

3 To

p S

ail,

Top

Ste

er

30N

6 To

mb

Sto

ne

--

6@2

msl

s 19

98

Pyo

tr V

elik

iy1

only

.

[SA

-N-2

0]

To

p P

air

120°

firin

g ar

cS

-300

V

3 9S

15 B

ill B

oard

A

9S32

6@2

msl

s 19

86

Arm

y ve

rsio

n

[SA

-12a

Gla

diat

or]

9M83

, I/T

SA

RH

3

9S19

Hig

h S

cree

n G

rill P

an

4

[SA

-12b

Gia

nt]

9M82

I/T

SA

RH

3

2S

-300

VM

4

9S15

M2/

MV

2 B

ill B

oard

, 9S

32M

E

6@

2msl

s 20

15?

Exp

ort a

s

[SA

-23

Gla

diat

or]

9M83

M,

I/TS

AR

H3

9S

19M

Hig

h S

cree

n G

rill P

an

4

A

ntey

250

0

[SA

-23

Gia

nt]

9M82

M

I/TS

AR

H3

2

S

eco

nd

Gen

erat

ion

:S

-300

PM

U-1

48

N6,

I/M

/TS

AR

H3

3 S

T-68

U T

in S

hiel

d,

30N

6 To

mb

Sto

ne

4 12

@2

msl

s 19

92

Max

12

TE

Ls.

[S

A-2

0a G

argo

yle]

9M

96

76M

6 C

lam

She

ll2

12

0° fi

ring

arc

S-3

00P

MU

-2 F

avor

it 48

N6D

I/M

/TS

AR

H3

3 S

T-68

U T

in S

hiel

d,

30N

6-1

4 12

@2

msl

s 19

97

[SA

-20b

Gar

goyl

e]

9M96

4 76

M6

Cla

m S

hell2

Tom

b S

tone

9M

96D

4S

-350

Vity

az

9M96

/96D

I/M

/TA

RH

3 4

50N

6A

50N

6A

12

12@

2 m

sls

2016

? M

ax 8

TE

Ls

9M

100

Red

ut

9M96

/96D

I/M

/TA

RH

4

5P-2

7 Fu

rke

Pol

imen

t --

4x

4@2

msl

s 20

16?

9M10

0Th

ird

Gen

erat

ion

:S

-400

Triu

mf

40N

6 I/M

/TA

RH

3 4

91N

6 B

ig B

ird2

92N

6 4

6@2

msl

s 20

07

Btr

y ca

n ha

ve u

p

[SA

-21

Gro

wle

r]

48N

6DM

4

Gra

ve S

tone

per

Gra

ve S

tone

to 6

Gra

ve S

tone

9M96

, 9M

96D

4

FC

rad

ars

Fou

rth

Gen

erat

ion

:

S-5

00 P

rom

ethe

us/

77N

6

4 91

N6A

(M)

mod

. Big

Bird

76

T6

eng

rada

r

10@

2 m

sls

2017

? In

dev

elop

men

t

55R

6M T

rimfa

tor-

M

96

L6-T

sP u

pgra

ded

77T

6 A

BM

rad

ar

M

ax 1

0 T

ELs

C

hees

e B

oard

Not

es:

1. N

aval

ver

sion

Rif-

M e

xpor

ted

to P

RC

in 2

002,

inst

alle

d on

Typ

e 05

1C D

DG

s2.

Can

als

o lin

k to

64N

6E B

ig B

ird, 9

6L6E

Che

ese

Boa

rd, 1

L119

Neb

o S

VU

, 55Z

h6 N

ebo

UE

Tal

l Rac

k, 6

7N6

Gam

ma

DE

, 59N

6 P

rotv

nik

GE

sea

rch

rada

rs

3. C

an b

e la

unch

ed o

n K

olch

uga-

M E

SM

bea

rings

usi

ng in

ertia

l gui

danc

e, w

ith te

rmin

al h

omin

g in

last

pha

se o

nly.

Sam

ple

file

Issue #49 October 2015

Naval SITREP Page 7

An

nex

D2a

- S

-30

0/40

0/50

0 S

erie

s M

issi

les

AA

W

ATB

M

AT

A

Min

R

ang

e R

ang

e M

in

Max

W

arhe

ad

Sp

eed

N

ame

Gui

dan

ce

Gen

R

atin

g

Rng

(nm

) (n

m)

(nm

) A

lt (m

) A

lt (m

) (k

g)

(kts

) IO

C

Rem

arks

5V55

ser

ies:

5V

55K

C

md

2 4.

5 1.

6 25

.4

--

25

2500

0 13

3 38

85

1978

5V

55K

D

Cm

d 2

4.5

2.7

40.5

--

25

25

000

133

3885

19

83

5V55

R

TV

M

3 5.

5 2.

7 40

.5

13.5

25

25

000

133

3885

19

83

5V55

RD

T

VM

3

5.5

2.7

49.7

13

.5

25

2700

0 13

3 38

85

1990

5V

55R

UD

is e

xpor

t ver

sion

40N

6 se

ries:

40

N6

I/M/T

AR

H

4 7.

0 0.

5 21

6.0

??

10

3000

0 18

0 42

50

2000

S

-400

48N

6 se

ries:

48

N6

TV

M

3 6.

0 1.

6 81

.0

21.6

10

27

000

143

3690

48

N6D

T

VM

3

6.0

1.6

108.

0 21

.6

10

2700

0 18

0 40

80

1997

F

ort-

M a

nd S

-300

PM

U-2

48

N6D

M

TV

M

4 6.

5 1.

6 13

5.0

32.4

10

30

000

180

4080

20

07

9M82

/83

serie

s:

9M82

I/T

SA

RH

3

6.0

7.0

54.0

16

.2

1000

30

000

150

4665

19

88

S-3

00V

9M

82M

I/T

SA

RH

4

6.5

7.0

108.

0 21

.6

25

3000

0 15

0 50

50

1996

S

-300

VM

9M

83

I/TS

AR

H

3 6.

0 3.

8 40

.5

21.6

25

0 25

000

150

3305

19

86

S-3

00V

9M

83M

I/T

SA

RH

4

6.5

3.3

40.5

21

.6

25

2500

0 15

0 33

05

1996

S

-300

VM

9M96

ser

ies:

9M

96

I/M/T

AR

H

4 7.

0 0.

5 21

.6

--

5 20

000

24

1945

20

16?

9M

96D

I/M

/TA

RH

4

7.0

0.5

64.8

16

.2

5 30

000

24

1750

20

16?

9M10

0 se

ries:

9M

100

I/TIIR

H

4 5.

5 0.

5 5.

4 --

5

3000

?

2310

20

16?

Red

ut, S

-350

S-40

0 T

ELAR

Wik

iped

iaH

Q-9

TEL

dur

ing

2009

vict

ory p

arad

eW

ikip

edia

Sam

ple

file