nscription of the early pandyas

NSCRIPTION OF THE EARLY PANDYAS

Nos. 1 and 2.

(A. R. Nos. 453 and 454 of 1906)

Anaimalai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.

On the walls of the verandah in the rock-cut cave-temple of

Narasimha-Perumal on the hill.

These two records engraved in early Grantha and Vatteluttu characters belong to Maranjadalyan who is also called Parantaka. They are important because the Kali year 3871 is also quoted for this king, thus furnishing a valuable chronological landmark for early Pandya history. The rock-cut temple of Narasimha was begun by Maran-Kari alias Muvendamangalapperaraiyan, a vaidya of Karavandapura aliasKalakkudi and an Uttaramantrin (minister) of the Pandya king, but as he died subsequently, the work was completed by his brother Maran-Eyinan aliasPandimangala-Visaiyaraiyan who succeeded him in the office of minister, who added the mukha-mandapa and had the consecration ceremony performed. As the person first mentioned had also the title Madurakavi, it has been tentatively assumed that he had some connection with the Vaishnava Alvar named Kari Maran alias Nammavar, the author of the Tiruvaymoli. Karavandapuram has been identified with Ukkirankottai in the Tirunelveli taluk of the district of the same name, in the inscriptions copied from which, the village is called Kalakkudi and Ka andai.

No. 3

(A. R. No. 373 and 454 of 1908)

Tirupparankunram, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.

On one of the pillars in the rock-cut cave.

This Vatteuttu inscription dated in the 6th year of Maranjadaiyan which is engraved in arachaic letters, has been attributed to Jatila Parantaka of the Anaimalai inscription noted above. It records the construction of the Tirukkoyil (shrine) and of the Sir-tatakam (tank) by Sattan-Ganapati, a resident of Karavandapura, who is called Pandi-Amritamangalavaraiyan, and is stated to have belonged to the Vaidya caste and to have been the mahasamanta of the king. The shrines of Durgadevi and Jyeshthadevi were constructed by Nakkan-Korri, who is described as the Dharmapatn probably of this mahasamanta. On account of the interest of this record, the text is reproduced here.

No. 4

(A. R. No. 480 and 454 of 1917)

Kuttalam, Tenkasi Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On a pillar in the north-side of the Kurralanatha temple.

This incomplete record is dated in the 4th year and 360th day of the Pandya king Maranjadaiyan and mentions the gift of some donation by Maran-Achchan, probably a petty chieftain of Poliyur, for a lamp in the temple of Tirukurralattu-Bharata. This person also figures in a record from Tiruppattur in the Ramanathapuram district, where he is mentioned with the other title of Tennavan Pallavaraiyan.

No. 5

(A. R. No. 90 and 454 of 1908)

Tiruppattiru, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District

On the north wall of the Thiruttalisvara temple.

This bilingual inscription consists of a portion in Sanskrit and a portion in Tamil. The Sanskrit portion states that Tennavan-Pallavadhipa alias Maran-Aditya born at Polivur in Poliyur-nadu made a gift of 40 Krishna-kacha for burning a lamp in the temple of Sulapani at Sristhali. The Tamil portion, dated the in the 4th + 1st year and 593rd day of the reign of Maranjadaiyan states that Maran-Achchan of Poliyur in Poliyur-nadu gave a donation of 40 kalanju to the Sabha of Manarkudi for a lamp to be burnt in the temple of Tirukkarrali-Bhatara at Tirupputtur, a brahmadeya in Mikundaru in Koluvur-kurram and another gift of kalanju to the vannar of the place. This chieftain Maran-Achchan has figured in another record from Kuttalam in the Tirunelveli District.

No. 6

(A. R. No. 364 of 1907)

Aduturai, Papanasam Taluk, Tanjore District.

On the north wall of the Apatsahayesvara temple

This inscription of Maranjadaiyan of the year opposite to the year which was itself opposite to the fourth year of the king comes from Aduturai. From a record of the Chola king Uttama-Chola it is learnt that this temple was rebuilt during his reign by his pious mother Sembiyan-Mahadeviyar, and so the characters in which this record is engraved are later that the time of Varaguna to whom this and the next record can be attributed. This epigraph registers some provision made for the supply of one uri of oil daily to the temple of Mahadeva at Tirukkurangadutura in Tiraimur-nadu. Kurangaduturai has been curtailed into the modern name of Aduturai.

No. 7

(A. R. No. 358 of 1907)

Aduturai, Papanasam Taluk, Tanjore District.

On the south wall of the Apatsahayesvara temple

This inscription also from Aduturai is peculiarly dated as 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1st year of the Pandya king Maranjadaiyan and relates to some provision for the supply of oil to the temple of Tirukkurangaduturai-Mahadeva by the sabha of Maruttuvakkudi in Tiraimur-nadu. The significance of the regnal year, as cited here, instead of as 4 apposite to the year, is not clear.

No. 8

(A. R. No. 13 of 1907)

Kumbakonam, Kumbakonam Taluk, Tanjore District.

On the west wall of the shrine of the goddess in the Nagesvara Temple.

This Tamil record dated in the 4 + 4th year of Maranjadaiyan registers a gift of 138 cows and 100 kasu by the king for the supply of milk and ghee and for maintaining two perpetual lamps in the temple of Bhatara of Tirukkilkottam in Tirukkudammukkur, i.e.,

Kumbakonam. The regnal year of this inscription corresponds apparently to the year 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1, quoted in the Aduturai records (No. 7 above)

No. 9

(A. R. No. 136 of 1908)

Tiruppattur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.

On a slab in the first prakara of the Tiruttalisvara temple.

This inscription of Maranjadaiyan is dated in the 4th year opposite to the 6th, which apparently is a wrong citation for 4 + 6th year. The Sanskrit sloka at the beginning states that Patta, the daughter of Maran and the wife of Sankara donated 10 dinara for a lamp to the god Sristhalisa. The Tamil portion records the same fact in greater detail. The brahmana Mosi Kandan Sankaran is stated to be the son of the kilar of Arukandur and the amount of gift is specified as 10 kasu. The endowment was left under the protection of Ayirattelunurruvar. What exactly is meant by this name is not clear.

No. 10

(A. R. No. 414 of 1904)

Tiruchichirappalli, Tiruchchirappalli Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.

On the wall of the rock-cut cave

This interesting inscription engraved in the Pallava rock-cut cave-temple on the hill at Tiruchichirappalli is dated in the 4th year and 2,501st day of the reign of king Maranjadaiyan, who is also called Pandyadhiraja Varaguna[varman]. Having destroyed the fort at Vembil (i.e., Vembarrur near Kumbakonam), the king was staying at Niyamam at the time of the issue of this record. He is described as an ornament of both the solar and lunar dynasties, probably because of an earlier marital alliance between the Chola (solar) and the Pandya (lunar) ruling families. The king is stated to have made a gift of 125 kalanju of gold to the temple of Tirumalai-Bhatara, by which the linga in the rock-cut cave is evidently meant. From the fact that provision was made for burning five lamps in this temple on the day of Ardra every month, it is probable that Ardra was the natal star of this king.

No. 11

(A. R. No. 413 of 1904.)

Tiruchichirappalli, Tiruchchirappalli Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.

On a pillar in the upper rock-cut cave on the hill.

This record engraved in archaic Tamil characters with pullis marked for basic consonants, is dated in the 9th year opposite to the 4th year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan, who is referred to also as Pandyadhipati-Varaguna. The king is stated to have given 537 kalanju of gold to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . nattu-velan, out of which four gold pattams and a gold flower were made for decorating the God Tirumalai-Perumanadigal. The astronomical details contained in the record are unfortunately mutilated.

No. 12

(A. R. No. 84 of 1910.)

Tiruvellarai, Lalgudi Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.

On the rock in front of the Jambunathasvami temple

This record dated in the 9th year opposite to the 4th year of king Maranjadaiyan is important in that it contains a few astronomical details of its date, which are capable of verification, namely, Vrischika, Monday, Asvati. These have been calculated to yield the English equivalent – A.D. 824, November 7, Monday, thus giving A.D. 811, as the initial date of this Pandya king. This king is referred to as Pandi-Maharaja in line 5 and he has been identified with varaguna I. This inscription registers a gift of 120 kalanju of gold by the king left in the hands of Andanattu-velan, for burning two perpetual lamps in the temple of Tiruvanaikkar-Perumanadigal.

The rock-out cave at Tiruvellarai contains a Svia-linga in the main cell, herein called Tiruvanaikkar-Perumanadigal, and an image of Vishnu in an adjoining cell. The rock-cut cave-temple may date from the time of the late Pallavas, as records of Dantivarman and Nandivarman are found engraved on the rock in front of the cave and in the village.

No. 12-A

(A. R. No. 120 of 1928-29.)

Lalgudi, Lalgudi Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.

On the north wall of the Saptarishisvara temple

This inscription is dated in the year opposite to the fourth of some king whose name is not given in it. It registers a gift of money made by the Pallava king Nandippottaraiyar who fought and won the battle of Tellaru, for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Mahadeva at Tiruttavatturai in Idaiyarru-nadu. The amount was received by the members of the assembly of Nallimangalam who bound themselves to bring to the temple and measure out daily (one) nail of ghee.

As the other record (No. 12-B) engraved to close to this and dated in a similar way belongs to Maranjadaiyan alias Varaguna-maharaja, this may be also assigned to the same king.

(Published in Epigraphia Indica, Indica, Vol. XX, pp. 46 ff.)

No. 12-B

(A. R. No. 121 of 1928-29.)

Lalgudi, Lalgudi Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.

On the north wall of the Saptarishisvara temple

This record of Maranjadaiyan, alias Pandyakulapati Varaguna Maharaja registers the gift of l120 kasu by the king for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Mahadeva at Tiruttavatturai Idaiyarru-nadu. The king is stated to have transmitted the gift through a certain Andanattu-velan and the money was received by the assembly of Ilamperunkayirukkai in Idaiyarru-nadu who agreed to supply one nail of ghee for burning the lamp.

The inscription is dated in the year 4 + 9 of the king’s reign and the details of date, viz., Dhanus, Sadaiyam (Satabhishaj), and Tuesday have been equated with 824 A.D. November 29, and the king is identified with Varaguna I

(Published in Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XX, pp. 46 ff.)

No. 13

(A.R. No. 105 of 1905.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On a slab built into the floor of the Erichchavudaiyar Temple. (The slab is now in the Madras Museum.)

This record dated in the 4 + 12th year of the reign of Varaguna-Maharaja registers the gift of 290 kasu to the sabhi of Ilangoykkudi in Mulli-nadu for worship and offerings to the God Bhatara in the Srikoyil of Tiruppottudaiyar. The gift was made when Varaguna was stationed at Araisur on the bank of the Pennai river in Tondai-nadu.

No. 14

(A. R. No. 185 of 1926.)

Tiruchchirraambalam, Pattukkottai Taluk, Tanjore District.

On the door-jamb of the Ardhamandapa of the Puratanavanesvara temple.

This record is very much damaged and only certain portions containing the name of the king, Varaguna-Maharaja and the name of the village, Tiruchchirremam are preserved. The regnal year of the king namely, the 12th, opposite to the 4th, is also legible.

No. 15

(A.R. No. 137 of 1908.)


On a slab in the prakara of the Tiruttalisvara temple.

This record belongs to the reign of the Pandya king Varaguna-Maharaja and is dated in the 4th year and 4635th day of his reign. The pulli is marked in many consonants which fact proves its early date.

The Sanskrit verse at the beginning states that a certain Kadambavelan donated 15 kasu and that from its interest a lamp was to be maintained in the temple of Siva of Nutangrama.

The Tamil portion records that Maravan Anukkapperaraiyan alias Kadambanvelan of Perumattur in Mutturru-kurram made a gift of 15 palangasu and a lamp stand for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple and another similar amount for the supply of garlands to the deity. Tiruppattur (Nulanagrama) is said to be a brahmadeya in Koluvur-kurram.

No. 16

(A. R. No. 138 of 1908.)


On a slab lying in the Angalamman temple.

This record also comes from Tiruppattur and is dated in some year, which was probably [4], and 4985th day of king Maranjadaiyan’s reign. It registers that Manomayan-Maran, the kavadi of Ilavenbaikkalattirukkai, presented 150 sheep for the maintenance of a perpetual lamp to the god Jalasayanattu-Bhatarar at Tirupputtur, a brahmadeya in Koluvur-kurram. This image must have been one of Vishnu in his recumbent form, but no traces of it are seen now. The term Kavadi signifies a ‘revenue officer’ and is found applied to even petty officials in the Chola country at this period. As in No. 9 above, the corporate body called the ‘Ayirattelunurruvar’ were to be in charge of this charity also.

No. 16-A

(A.R. No. 26 of 1912.)

Tiruchchendur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On two slabs setup in the Subrahmanyasvamin temple.

This inscription of Varaguna-Maharaja registers the gift by the king, of 1,400 kasu for meeting the various annual requirements of the temple of Subrahmany-bhatarar. The money was invested by the king’s three officers Iruppaikkudikilavan, Sattamperuman and Alarrurnattukkon with the administrative bodies of various villages which were required to pay annually interest in grain to the temple at two kalam per kasu per year.

The record is dated in the year 13 opposite to a certain year (lost), of the king’s reign. The amount of 1,400 kasu is stated to have been made over on the 5001st day (line 7).

Published in Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXI, pp. 101 ff.

No. 17

(A. R. No. 10 of 1927.)

Vijayanarayanam, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On the south wall of the Manonmanisvara temple.

The subjoined inscription is dated in the 2nd year of Maranjadaiyan and registers that Panchavan-Pallavaraiyan alias Vel-Sendil of Korrampullankudi in Mudukudi-nadu purchased some lands from the sabha of Vijayanarayna-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Nattarruppokku and gave them to the temples of Raghva-Perumal-nadigal and Manomayanlchchurattur-Perumanadigal. The names of another god Tantonripperumanadigal and of a channel Paramechchuvara-vaykkal are mentioned. While describing the boundaries of the land in question.

No. 18

(A. R. No. 85 of 1927.)

Tirunelveli, Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On the north wall of the Narasimha-Perumal temple.

This Vatteluttu record is dated in the 2nd year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan and registers a gift of cows made by Sattanammai, for burning a lamp in the temple of Brahmapurittevar at Tirunelveli, on behalf of Sattan-Deyam, a devaradiya of Tirunelvel in Kil-Vemba-nadu. Etti-Jatavedan, a vettikkudi agreed to burn the lamp and Mananadai-Madevan, another vettikkudi stood security (punai) for the former.

It is possible that the temple was originally one of Siva called Brahmapurittevar. A record of rajaraja I dated in the 12th year of his reign also refers to the god by this name only (No. 84 of 1927) ; and it is only in a record of Jatavarman Kulasekhara (No. 83 of 1927) that the Narasimha-Perumal is referred to as Vikrama-Pandya-vinnagar-Alvar.

No. 19

(A. R. No. 128 of 1905.)

Tirukkurungudi, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On a stone belonging to the Nambi temple (now in the Madras Museum).

This Vatteluttu inscription of Maranjadaiyan is dated in the 4th year and registers a sale by the mahasabhaiyar of Vaikuntha-valanadu in Nattarruppokku to Panchavan Brahmadhirajan alias Sendan-Sattan of Nellittola in Malai-nadu, who made it over to the temple of god Emberuman, who was pleased to be stationed at Tirukkurungudi, for providing offerings, etc., therein. This record may, for paleographical considerations be assigned to Varaguna-Maharaja I.

There is a shrine of the god Sasta in the Vishnu temple at this place. This is peculiar, and its existence has to be accounted for by the vicinity of Tirukkurungudi to Travancore, were worship of Sasta is popular. Sendan-Sattan of Malai-nadu was evidently a Malayala brahmana and he appears to have been a person of some note, as indicated by the title Panchavan-Brahmadhiraja born by him, apparently as a Pandya official.

No. 20

(A. R. No. 21 of 1930-31.)

Trukkodikaval, Kumbakonam Taluk, Tanjore District.

On the west wall of the Tirukkotisvara Temple.

This record is stated to be a copy of an earlier inscription dated in the 4th year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan and relates to the gift of 15 kalanju for burning a lamp in the temple of Tirukkodika-Mahadeva, by Araiyan-Kalvan of Panaiyur in Peraiyur-nadu. The money was left in the custody of the sabha of Naranakka-chaturvedimangalam.

The original stray stones on which the record had been engraved having become useless, it is said that they were replaced and the old record re-engraved on the new stones.

No. 21

(A. R. No. 37 of 1930-31.)

Tirukkodikaval, Kumbakonam Taluk, Tanjore District.

On the south wall of the Tirukkotisvara temple.

The record stated to be a copy of another inscription made during some repairs in the temple states that Varaguna-Maharajar endowed 180 kalanju of gold for burning from the interest thereon three perpetual lamps before the images of Sri Sarasvati and Ganapati in the temple at Tirukkodika alias Kannamangalam. The existence of an auxiliary shrine for the goddess Sarasvati at this early period is of interest. The regnal year in this inscription appears to be some numeral, of which the first digit is 1, but there appears to be some mistake in the copy.

No. 22

(A. R. No. 705 of 1905.)

Ayyampalaiyam, Palani Taluk, Madurai District.

Above the natural cave on the hill called Aivarmalai.

This Vatteluttu record which couples the 8th regnal year of king Varaguna with Saka 792 and the Anaimalai inscription of Jatila-Parantaka which is dated in the Kali era form the two important landmarks in early Pandya chronology. The present epigraph yields A.D. 862-3 as the date of accession of Varaguna. It registers a gift of 505 kanam of gold by Santivirakkuravar of Kalam, the disciple lof Gunavirakkuravadigal for offerings to the

images of Parisva-Bhatara, i.e., Parsvanatha and of the attendant yeakshis which he had renovated and for the feeding of one ascetic.

The images sculptured on the brow of the cavern on this hill, as well as the references in this record indicate that a Jaina colony flourished on this hill in the 9th century A.D. It may be noted that the hill is called Tiruvayirai, which is the name by which it is referred to in early Tamil literature.

No. 23

(A. R. No. 295 of 1916.)

Singampatti, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On a rock in a field at Melai-Singampatti.

This highly damaged Vatteluttu record belongs to the 8th year of the king Maranjadaiyan, but nothing more than his name can be traced in this inscription.

No. 24.

(A. R. No. 17 of 1907.)

Tiruvisalur, Kumbakonam Taluk, Tanjore District.

On the south wall of the Sivayoganatha temple.

This record which is built in at the right end is dated in the year opposite to the [13]th year of the reign of [Vara]guna-maharaja and appears to refer to some gift, the details of which are not available, to the god Tiruvisalur of Avaninarayana-chaturvedimangalam.

No. 25

(A. R. No. 311 of 1904.)

Tirugokarnam, Alangudi Taluk, Pudukkottai State (now Tiruchchirappalli District).

On the south wall of the Gokaranesvara temple.

This record dated in the 17th year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan registers a gift of gold by Varagunavadiyaraiyan alias Nakkan-Setti of Kalkurichchi in Kaviappal, a village in Valla-nadu. The record may be assigned to Varagunavarman as the name Varaguna-vadiyaraiyan is borne by the donor in it. The characters of such this inscription is engraved are some what peculiar as their top-strokes have curve.

PANDYA INSCRIPTIONS

INSCRIPTION OF THE EARLY PANDYAS

No. 26.

(A. R. No. 690 of 1905.)

Ramanathapuram, Dindigal Taluk, Madurai District.

On a rock in the village.

This Tamil inscription, which does not quote the regnal year of the king, states that Nakkan-pullan who had the other name of Parantaka-ppallivelan had accompanied king Maranjadaiyan in his campaign (yattirai) against Idavai in Sola-nadu. This Pullan had begun the excavation of an irrigation tank in his name, called it Pullaneri, strengthened

the banks with stone revetment and fixed the sluice therefore; but he died before the project could be completed. The work is then stated to have been completed by Pulan-Nakkan, evidently his son, with the help of the mason named Vadugan-kurran and his son; and to the two latter a gift of land in the two kurus of Palli-nadu was made.

No. 27.

(A. R. No. 89 of 1907.)


On a slab set up in front of the Tirumulanatha temple.

This damaged Vatteluttu record of Maranjadaiyan is defaced at the placed where the regnal year is cited; but it appears probable that only one year and not a double year has been mentioned. The record may perhaps belong to Varagunavarman. It registers a gift of money made by Kavadiyar of Ilavenbaikkadattirukkai for two lamps to be burnt in the temple before the images of god Tiruchchalaitturai-Tirumulatanattur-Bhatarar and Perumanadigal ‘who was pleased to stand at Tiruchchalaiturai’ in Ilangoykkudi in Mulli-nadu.

No. 28.

(A. R. No. 160 of 1930-31.)

Tiruchchatturai, Tanjore Taluk, Tanjore District.

On the west wall of the Odanavanesvara temple.

This damaged inscription registers a gift of 300 kasu by Pandi-Marajar Vraguna-Marajar for burning a sacred lamp in the tempe of Tiruchchorrutturai-Mahadeva.

No. 29.

(A. R. No. 215 of 1932-33.)

Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On the south side of the Ardhamandapa in the Tiruvaludisvara temple.

This damaged record, probably of [Maranjadi]yan, who is apparently the king mentioned in the first line, appears to register a gift of sheep by some one of Elur, whose name is lost, for a lamp in the temple.

No. 30.

(A. R. No. 313 of 1904.)

Kudumiyamalai, Kulattur Taluk, (Pudukkottai State), Tiruchirappalli District.

On a pillar in the Melaikoyil temple.

This record of Maranjadaiyan is dated in the 23rd year of his reign. Owing to the damaged condition of the letters, it is not possible to make out the contents of the record. Tirunilakkunram, the name of the hill and Tirumulattanam, that of the shrine, are traceable, and the record probably refers to a gift for a lamp to this temple.

No. 31.

(A. R. No. 43 of 1908.)

Kalgumalai, Melur Taluk, Madurai District.

On a slab in the Kosakkudi street.

This record dated in the 23rd year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan from Kalugumalai is of interest as it mentions an expedition of the Pandya army against Sadaiyan-Karunandan of Malai-nadu, in which the fort of Ariviyur was destroyed. This Sadaiyan-Karunandan is identical with the Ay chieftain whose records are found in the northern part of the Travancore State. He may have originally been a Pandya vassal as indicated by the surname Sadaiyan and may have subsequently rebelled against the Pandya, in conjunction perhaps with the Venadu ruler of the period, which action was probably the case of the expedition referred to in this inscription. Two soldiers of the battalion commanded by the Pandya subordinate Etti-Mannan alias Mangala-Enadi of Perunechchuram, named Vinaiyantolu-Suran of Pundanamali in Tondai-nadu and Sattanakkan of Pereyirkudi lost their lives in this skirmish, and in commemoration of their services, some land valued at 20 kalanu of gold was given apparently by this Enadi. This endowment may have been in the nature of an udirappatti, but it is not clearly specified as such.

No. 32.

(A. R. No. 430 of 1914.)

Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.

On the wing-stone at the entrance of the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This Vatteluttu inscription dated in the 26th year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan appears to register a gift of 100 sheep by Sa[tta]n-Gunattan of Kunnur in [Karu]-nilakkudi-nadu for supplying ghee to a deity in the temple of Tirukkattamballi at Kurandi. From other records it is known that a Kurandi thee flourished in the olden days an important Jainta temple named Tirukkattamballi,. This stone may have belonged originally to that temple and removed thence and place in this temple. Kurandi may be identified with the village of the same name in the Aruppukkottai taluk. Kunnur where Srimara-Srivallabha fought one of his battles, was situated in Karunilakkudi-nadu in the same subdivision.

No. 33.

(A. R. No. 422 of 1914.)

Pallimadam, Aruppukottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.

On the north base of the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This Vatteluttu record, which is dated in the 26th regnal year of an unspecified king, may be assigned to Maranjadaiyan whose inscription dated in the same regnal year is found in this temple. It is damaged and incomplete, but probably enumerates some of the devaradiyar of the temple.

No. 34 and 35.

(A. R. No. 428-A and 428-B of 1914.)

Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.

On stones in the northern wall of the mandapa in the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This inscriptions are engraved on slabs now found embedded in the north wall of the mandapa in the Siva temple. The slabs appear to have originally belonged to the Jaina temple named Tirukkattamballi at Kurandi nearby, and to have been removed thence

along with the wing-stones noted above. They register the usual gifts to sheep for lamps to be burnt in the temple of Tirukkattamballi-Devar at Kurandi in Venbu-nadu.

Though the king’s name is not specified, these records may be attributed to the time of Maranjadaiyan.

No. 36.

(A. R. No. 298 of 1916.)


On the door-jambs of the Erichchavudaiyar temple.

This inscription in Vatteluttu characters is dated in the 35th year of the reign of a king whose name is not mentioned; but he may be assumed to be identical with the Maranjadaiyan of whom high regnal years have been found. It records the gift of sheep by a certain Paradayan Senda[nagan] of Pappar-irukkai in Vela-nadu for a lamp to be burnt in the temple of Tiruppottudaiyalvar at Ilangoykkudi, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu.

No. 37.

(A. R. No. 423 of 1906.)

Manur, Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On one of the pillars in The Ambalavana temple.

This inscription dated in the 35th year and 469th day of the reign of Maranjadaiyan is of interest as giving the rules land qualifications which governed the admission of members to the assembly of Mananilainallur, a brahmadeya in Kalakkudi-nadu, and the penalty imposed on those who transgressed these regulations. This is the only stone inscription, which gives some insight into the administrative life of a Pandya village.

No. 38.

(A. R. No. 104 of 1903.)


On a slab in the Prakara of the erichchavudaiyar temple.

This inscription is dated in the 39th year of the reign of an unspecified king and may be attributed to king Maranjadaiyan, whose record (No. 36) dated in the 35th year has been published above.

No. 39.

(A. R. No. 431 of 1914.)


On the stone at the entrance to the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This inscription is dated in the 6th year opposite to the 35th year of Maranjadaiyan and refers to the gift of sheep to Tirukkattamballi at Kurandi in Venbunadu. The wing-stone on which this record is engraved must have been brought from Tirukkattamballi and inserted in the temple here at some later date, along with the other stone on which No. 32 above is engraved.

No. 40.

(A. R. No. 12 of 1929.)

Dalapatisamudram, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On a slab lying in a field in the Parachcheri of the village.

This long inscription in Vatteluttu characters is dated in the 6th year opposite to the 35th year of the reign of king Maranjadaiyan who appears to be identical with the king figuring in No. 37 above from Manur, dated in the 35th year and 469th day. The record consists of two separate endowments made by a certain Velan of Irambadu in Karaikana-nadu. One of them was a gift of 50 sheep to maintain a lamp in the rest house called Rajakka ttannir pperumbandal erected by him at Perumbalanji in Nattarruppokku while a gift of land and a well were also made for it. The other gift of sheep was for maintaining a lamp in another rest-house named Munnurruvapperumbandal instituted by him in the same village; and a gift of land for the care-taker who supplied water to this water-shed was also made.

The two rest-houses were apparently erected, one in the name of ‘Rajakkar’ of Tirukkottaru and the other in the name of the Koyirpillaigal Munnurruvar whose constitution is not clear. These charities were left under the protection of the Nayakanmar ruling the district.

No. 41.

(A. R. No. 605 of 1915.)

Eruvadi, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On a Boulder in the Irattaippottai rock.

This record dated in the 43rd year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan comes from Eruvadi. This is the highest regnal year found for Maranjadaiyan for whom records in the 35th and 39th years have been found elsewhere. The rock on which this epigraph is engraved is very much weatherworn and the record is therefore defaced. It appears to register a gift of land by Irambattu-velan Sattan as pallichchandam to the Bhatara of Tiruviruttalai-Aruvalam in Nattarrupokku, and a gift of sheep for a lamp. A Tamil verse at the end of the record, stated to have been composed by the donor himself contains an exhortation to all to offer worship to Aruhan on the hill. The donor Irambattu-velan has figured in another record from Dalapatisamudram dated in the 35 + 6th regnal year of this king.

No. 42.

(A. R. No. 863 of 1917.)

Kalugumalai, Koilpatti Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On the rock within the Ayyanar temple on the hill.

This record dated in the 7th year opposite to the 35th year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan registers a gift of gold by a brahmana named Mani Sankaranarayanan, a nagarattan of Tiruchuriyal for burning a lamp during the three services in the shrine of the Devar which he had made. This amount was left in the charge of the Perurar of Tirunechchuram and the charity was left under the protection of the Tirumalaivirar and Parantakavirar who were evidently the military guardians of the temple, the latter owing their name to the Pandya king Parantaka, the second of that name, to whose time the characters of the present inscription can reasonably be attributed.

No. 43.

(A. R. No. 335 of 1929-30.)

Erukkangudi, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.

On a rock in a field to the south of the tank in the village.

This Vatteluttu inscription of the 16th regnal year of Sadaiya-Maran states that Iruppaikkudi-Kilavan dismantled the old bund of the tank, strengthened it with stone and renovated a specified length of the bund. The tank was called kilavaneri after the name of the benefactor. A verse at the end of the record is in praise of this Kilavan of Iruppaikkudi in Irunjola-nadu. This chieftain figures in another record dated in the 18th year of the reign of the same king from this same village. (No. 44 below), and in the Tiruchchendur inscription of Varaguna-Maraya (No. 16-A above).

No. 44.

(A. R. No. 334 of 1929-30.)

Erukkangudi, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.

On a slab on the bund of the tank in the village.

This long Vatteluttu inscription in Tamil verse is stated to have been engraved in the 18th year of the reign of the Pandya king Sadaiya-Maran who has been called also Srivallabhan. It records that this king who had conquered his enemies from Kunnur to Simhalam bestowed the title of Iruppaikkudi-Kilavan on a certain Etti-Sattan and that the latter repaired several tanks in Irunjola-nadu and built some temples and ambalams. The tank near which the slab is set up was one of the many water reservoirs, which benefited by this chief’s philanthropic projects. He dismantled the old earthen bund, and built in its stead a stone-faced few embankment, so that this tank was now called Kilavaneri, after his title of ‘Kilavan.’ These activities of this chieftain have been reviewed in the Annual Report on South Indian Epigraphy for the year 1929-30, part ii, paragraph 2.

No. 45.

(A. R. No. 368 of 1904.)

Sittannavasal, Kulattur Taluk, (Pudukkottai State), Tiruchirappalli District.

On the rock south of the rock-cut Jaina temple.

This inscription in Tamil verse, which is engraved in early characters with the pulli marked for the basic consonants, refers to the Pandya king Srivalluvan (i.e., Srivallabha), who had the title Avanipasekharan. On his behalf a certain Ilan-Gautaman who is described as an asiriyan of Madurai repaired the agamandapa of the temple at Annalvayil and built the mukha-mandapa in front of it. The record being damaged, the details are lost but from the existing portion it is inferred that some gifts of land were also made to the priests of the temple.

No. 46.

(A. R. No. 425 of 1914.)


On the north wall of the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This record of the 2nd year of Sadaiya-Maran is slightly damaged in the middle and appears to register a gift of 25 sheep for the maintenance of a lamp in the temple of Sundarapandya-Isvara-Devar at Tiruchchuriyal, a devadana in Parttikkudi-nadu by a carpenter of Kalisalmangalam, a brahmadeya in Alarru-nadu. Vanavanmadevi(mangalam) a brahmadeya in Venbu-nadu is also mentioned. This record may be assigned to the reign

of rajasimha, who was a contemporary of the Chola king Parantaka I and who was defeated by him as stated in the Udayendiram plates.

No. 47.

(A. R. No. 216 of 1932-33.)

Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On the south side of the entrance into the Ardhamandapa of the

Tiruvaludisvara temple.

This damaged record of the 2nd year of Sadaiya-Maran refers to a gift of a perpetual lamp by the son-in-la o Tayanjattan, a Vellala of Pallip-Perumbulingavu in Tinaikkalamangalam, a village in Kuda-nadu to the god Tiruvaludisvarattu-Alvar at Perungulam in Tiruvaludi-valanadu.

No. 48.

(A. R. No. 503 of 1907.)

Madurai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.

On two slabs in the Madanagopalasvamin temple.

This Vatteluttu inscription was found engraved on two slabs in the compound of the Madangopala temple at Madurai. They apparently belonged to a temple of Siva named Tirutturutti-Bhatara from were they appear to have been brought to this temple. It is dated in the 2 + 1st year of Sadaiya-Maran and probably belongs to the time of Rajasimha. It registers the usual gift of sheep for a lamp to be maintained in that temple.

No. 49.

(A. R. No. 287 of 1923.)

Tirukkottiyur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.

On a slab in the store-room of the Samyanarayana-Perumal temple

This Vatteluttu record which is let into the wall of the store-room and is kept bottom up, is dated in the 2 + 1st year of Sadiya-Maran. The secondary loop is attached to the top of the respective consonants and not to the side. The record, which may be assigned to the time of Rajasimha, must have belonged to Siva temple at the village, though it is now found embedded in the wall of the Vishnu temple. It registers a gift of a perpetual lamp by a certain Anukki Sundaravalli of Kannikudi in Kil-Iraniyamuttam to the god Periya-Srikoyil-Bhatara of Tirukkottiyur.

Above this record is another short one registering a gift of cows and sheep for a lamp by a merchant named Kandan-Sankaranaranan, and belonging to about the same period. The damaged portion consisting of a few Sanskrit verses is not decipherable, and as only a few words are legible here and there, such as Srigoshthinatha in line 6, no continuous sense can be made out.

No. 50.

(A. R. No. 323 of 1904.)

Kudimiyamalai, Kulattur Taluk, (Pudukkottai State), Tiruchirappalli District.

On a pillar in the rock-cut cave temple.

This record (same as A.R. No. 238 of 1911), dated in the 2 + 1 + 1st year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran registers a gift of gold by Parantaka-Adalaiyur-nadalvan alias Kadamban-Etti for burning a lamp in the temple of Tirumulattanattu-Mahadeva at Tirunilakkunram, a devadana in Kunriyur-nadu. After line 10, there is another inscription, which is dated in the 10th year of an unspecified Pandya king and registers another gift of gold by two persons of Nenmali-nadu to the same temple for the expenses of conducting a festival therein.

ANDYA INSCRIPTIONS


No. 51.(A. R. No. 604 of 1926.)

Tenur, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On a pillar lying in a ruined site.

This record of the 2 + 6th year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran registers a gift of 50 sheep by Velan-araiyan of the village for burning a lamp to god Tirumerrali-Bhatara at Peruntenur in Paganur-kurram. The pillar must have belonged to the temple, ruins of which are found in the site. Though Tirumerrali may signify a temple of Vishnu, for Vishnu temples are generally located in the west of the village and are called as such, a neglected linga found in the locality indicates that the original temple may have belonged to god Siva. In some places Siva temples have also been called ‘Tirumerrali.’

No. 52.(A. R. No. 447 of 1907.)

Sinnamanur, Periyakulam Taluk, Madurai District.On the north wall of the Lakshminarayana temple.

This inscription is dated in the 2 + 7th of Sadaiy-Marana who is identical with Rajasimha, and registers a gift of sheep by a certain Nagan-Vikkiramadittan for a perpetual lamp to the god Tiru. . . . . surattevar of Arikesarinallur, a brahmadeya in Ala-nadu. As Sinnamanur was known as Arikesarinallur, it may have been founded by the early Pandya king called Arikesarin. In another record of this king from the same place, the god is called Tirunaduvu-Bhatara, probably because of the location of the temple with reference to the village.

No. 53.(A. R. No. 416 of 1917.)

Kuttalam, Tenkasi Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a pillar in the east verandah of the Kuttalanatha temple.

This vatteluttu record dated in the 2 + 7th year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran is incomplete and stops with the mention of Tirukkurralam in Tenvara-nadu.

No. 54.

(A. R. No. 441 of 1907.)Sinnamanur, Periyakulam Taluk, Madurai District.On the west wall of the Lakshminarayana temple.

The stone on which this inscription of the 2 + 8th year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran had been originally engraved, has been redressed, and the record has suffered damage. It registers a gift of 10 kalanju by a brahmana named Nakkan Duvedi (Dvivedi) of Avichchanur, a brahmadeya of Anmaga-Nadu (the Anma-nadu of other records), for a perpetual lamp to be burnt in the temple of god Tirunaduvupattara at Arikesarinallur, a brahmadeya in Ala-nadu. Arkesarinallur was the ancient name of Sinnamnur, and Tirunaduvu-Bhatara, the god of the ‘central’ temple has, as noted above, reference to the location of the temple in the center of the village.

No. 55.(A. R. No. 605 of 1926.)

Tenur, Madurai Taluk, Madurai district.On a pillar lying in a ruined site.

This inscription of the 2 + 8th year of Sadaiya-Maran records a gift of sheep by a certain Araiyan-Tiruvarangi for a lamp in the temple of Tirumerrali-Bhatara of Peruntenur in Paganur-kurram.

No. 56.(A.R. No. 86 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the base of a ruined shrine in the Tirumulanatha temple.

The subjoined record of the 2 + 9th year of king Sadaiya-Maran relates to the purchase of a block of waste land lying fallow as purru and Terri to the west of the village, from the sabha of Ilangoykkudi, and to its being made fit for cultivation by the provision of irrigation facilities by Puvan-Paraiyan, who is described as one of the ‘Araiyan-anukkar’, belonging apparently to the king’s bodyguard. The land which was renamed s ‘Paraiyan-vasakkal’ was endowed t the temple as kidaippuram.

No. 57.(A. R. No. 417 of 1917.)

Kuttalam, Tenkasi Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a pillar in the east Verandah of the Kuttalanatha temple

This record, dated in the 2 + 9th year of Sadaiya-Maran, registers a gift of 3 buffaloes by Ayyankuttan, a merchant of Idavai in Manninadu, for maintaining half a lamp in the temple of Mahadeva at Tirukkurralam in Tenvara-nadu. This Idavai is identical with Idavai in Sola-nadu, in a campaign against which a Pandya general had accompanied king Maranjadaiyan of No. 26 above.

No. 58.(A. R. No. 418 of 1917.)

Kuttalam, Tenkasi Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a pillar in the east verandah in the Kuttalanathan temple.

This Vatteluttu record of the 2 + 9th year of Sadaiya-Maran also comes from Kurralam in Tenvara-nadu, and registers a gift of six buffaloes by Vandalai Konan of Nallurpandikkudi in Tenvara-nadu, for burning a lamp in the temple of Tirukurrala-Mahadeva.

No. 59.(A. R. No. 220 of 1932-33.)

Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Tiruvaludisvara temple.

This inscription dated in the 2 + 9th year of Sadaiya-Maran registers a gift of 50 sheep by Kudiyan Atulagunattan of Nalkur in Venbu-nadu for burning a lamp to god Jatamakutap-Perumal of the temple called Tiruvaludisvaram at Perungulam in Tiruvaludi-valanadu, on behalf of his mother Suvaran-Achchi. The aganaligaiyar of the temple agreed to burn the lamp.

No. 60.(A. R. No. 227 of 1932-33.)


This Vatteluttu inscription dated in the 2 + 9th year of Sadaiya-Maran registers a gift of 13 kasu by a certain Mukkan, for burning a lamp in the temple of Tiruvaludisvarattu-Alvar at Perungulam in Tiruvaludi-valanadu, on behalf of his mother Narasingam.

No. 61.(A. R. No. 453 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the door-jamb of the Perumal shrine in the Somanathesvara temple.

This record dated in some year (of a single digit) opposite to the 2nd year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran is damaged at the end. It appears to relate to a gift of land made by a certain Vikkiramakamuka-Pallavaraiyan alias Devan-Solai of Kulattur in Alarru-nadu, who had purchased some fallow land from sabha of Shadangavi-kurichchi, a brahmadeya in Kuda-nadu and had endowed it, after making it fit for cultivation, to the temple of Tirunarayana-vinnagar-Devar, situated in the north of the village.

Shadangavikurichchi is the name of the village which had been granted to brahmanas well-versed in the Shadangas or the six components of Vedic learning. Kurichchi is the special name for a hilly village.

No. 62.(A. R. No. 219 of 1932-33.)


This record dated in the 2 + 10th regnal year of king Sadaiya-Maran registers a gift of a Sekandikai (gong) by the person mentioned in No. 59 above, on behalf of his father Maran-Kudiyan.

No. 63.(A. R. No. 299 of 1916.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the left door-jamb of the Frichchavudaiyar temple.

This incomplete inscription of Sadaiya-Maran is dated in the 2 + 11th year of his reign and stops with the mention of Bangovkkudi in Mulli-nadu.

No. 64.(A. R. No. 118 of 1910.)

Solavandan, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On a slab set up in the platform of the railway station.

This Vatteluttu record dated in 2 + 12th year of Sadaiya-Maran registers a gift of 25 cows by Velan-Padari, wife of Tennavan Anukkapperaraiyan alias Panayan Manikkan of Perumbaganur in Paganur-kurrm, for a lamp to the temple of Perumtirukkoyil-Devar of Tirumanam, a brahmadeya in Paganur-kurram. The cows were left in the charge of two priests of the temple (aganaligaiyar) named Naranan-Madevan and Munnurruvan-Tiruvaru[ra]n. The slab on which the inscription is engraved must have originally belonged to some Siva temple in he vicinity and been removed to the station site later on.

No. 65.(A. R. No. 475 of 1909.)

Edirkottai, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On a rock close to the Sunai-Kanthesvara temple.

This record is dated in the 14th year opposite to the 2nd year of Sadaiya-Maran ; but as it is damaged and incomplete, its purport cannot be made out. It mentions a kulichchevagan named Maram-Bhattan and some donation, the nature of which is not clear, to the god Bhatara of Sunaikkudi, a hamlet of Kuttankudi in Venbaikudi-nadu.

No. 66.(A. R. No. 440 of 1917.)

Kuttalam, Tenkasi Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the east wall of the prakara in the Kuttalanatha temple.

This fragmentary inscription belongs to the 2 + 15th year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran. It mentions Kurralam in Tenvara-nadu and Pasupatapperumakkal. Owing to the damaged condition of the record, it is not possible to ascertain the functions and constitution of the Pasupatapperumakka, who, however, appear to have been managing the affairs of the temple. They may have belonged to the Pasupata sect.

No. 67.(A. R. No. 11 of 1927.)

Vijayanarayanam, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Manomanisvara temple.

This record dated in the 2 + 17th year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran is built in at the end and its purport is not therefore clear. It appears to relate to a gift of money made to the god Karrali-Perumanadigal of the Manomaya-Isvaram temple by a certain Tiruvengada Erichchi. . . . . . . . . . . in the name of Puvanavan Tirumaladhikarigal of Valainjiya-Kurichchi. The Perunguri-sabha of the village which met in the temple on a day of the solar eclipse in that year invested this amount in the purchase of land 6 ma in extent. As the month in which the solar eclipse occurred has not been specified, the year cannot be calculated.

No. 68.

(A. R. No. 122 of 1905.)Tiruppudaimarudur, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On the east wall of the Chandesvara shrine in the Putarjunesvara temple.

Dated in the 2 + 18th year of Sadaiya-Maran, this Vatteluttu record from Tiruppudaimarudur or Tiruppadumarudil as it was called in the old days, mentions a servant of Vira-Pandyadeva, who was a native of Malayamadevipuram in Pandimattanda-valanadu and refers to some donation made by him, the details of which are lost. Though this Vira-Pandya is not specifically styled a Pillaiyar, to denote his relationship to the reigning king, it is possible that he was identical with Vira-Pandya, who figures in inscriptions with the title of ‘Solanralaikonda’. As this Vira-Pandya’s date of accession has been calculated to be about 946 A.D. the Sadaiya-Maran of this record may, as otherwise indicated also, be identical with Rajasimha, the contemporary of Parantaka, and the immediate predecessor of Vira-Pandya.

No. 69.(A. R. No. 722 of 1905.)

Uttamapalaiyam, Periyakulam Taluk, Madurai District.Above the images n the Karuppannasvamin rock.

This Vatteluttu record, dated in the 2 + 18th year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran is much damaged and refers to some Tirthappalli, the Jaina temple, and to Korkai in Kuda-nadu.

No. 70.(A. R. No. 550 of 1911.)

Kovilkulam, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Tennalagar temple.

This incomplete inscription dated in the 2 + 19th year of Sadaiya-Maran refers to the temple of god Vinnagar Devar of Tiruppodiyil and to some donation, the details of which are not preserved in the inscription, made on behalf of a certain Kadan-Seynokki.

No. 71.(A. R. No. 421 of 1906.)

Seviliperi, Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Alagar temple.

This inscription dated in the 2 + 19th year of Sadaiya-Maran registers a gift of 25 sheep for a lamp to be burnt in the temple of Karumanikkadeva of Ten-Tirumalirunjolai in Kilkalakkurram, by Appinangai, the wife of Satrubhayankara-Muttaraiyan of Alangudi, a village in Irunjola-nadu. From the fact that the donatrix is styled an arasiyar, her husband Satrubhayankara-Muttaraiyan was probably a Pandya feudatory of some note in this region. Anukkan is mentioned as the title of Appinangai’s father. Probably he belonged to the Anukkuppadai or the king’s bodyguard. This title appears to have been used for such personal service to the king, as in Tennavan-Anukkapperaraiyan in No. 64 above.

No. 72.(A. R. No. 409 of 1906.)

Seviliperi, Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Alagar temple.

This record is dated in the 19th year to the 2nd year of Sadaiya-Maran and registers a gift of 50 sheep made by Karambichchettu Parpanabban Tiruvengadam residing in Nandivarma-chaturvedimangalam, a village in Uraiyur-kurram on the southern bank (of the Kaveri) in Sonadu, for a perpetual lamp to be burnt in the temple of god Karumanikkadeva, who was pleased to be manifest at Ten-Tirumalirunjolai, which was the ancient name of this temple. Seviliperi appears to have got this name to distinguish it from Alagarkoyil, apparently the Vada-Tirumalirunjolai in the Madurai district.

No. 73.(A. R. No. 551 of 1911.)


This mutilated record of the time of Sadaiya-Maran is dated in the 2 + 19th year of his reign, and appears to register a gift of sheep made by a certain Adigal . . . . . . . . . . . evidently for burning a almp in the temple of god Tiruppodiyil-Vinnagar-Devar in Vitankanallur.

No. 74.(A. R. No. 228 of 1932-33.)


This inscription is dated in the 2 + 22nd year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran and is the highest regnal year so far found for him. It registers a gift of 2 shares of land to Pudangudiyan of Nattamangalam made by the Sattapperumakkal, aganaligaiyar, patiyar and panchacharyas of the temple of Tiruvaludisvaram at Perungulam in recognition of the service rendered by him in redeeming the lands in Kuranguni to the temple, and in having secured the remission of taxes on them.

No. 75.(A. R. No. 552 of 1911.)


This undated record from Kovilkulam belongs to the same period, as the donor named Kadan and his wife Narseynokki figure in No. 70 of the 2 + 19th year of Sadaiya-Maran. A gift of 25 sheep evidently for a lamp to be burnt in the temple is registered in this inscription.


No. 76.(A. R. No. 270 of 1928.)

Kottai-Karungulam, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Rajasimhesvara temple.

This damaged inscription in Vatteluttu characters belongs to the time ofSadaiya-Maran and is dated in some year opposite to the 2nd year of his reign. It refers to the stone temple of Rajasingechchuvaram at Karungulam and to the gift of something for a

perpetual lamp to be burnt in it. The temple must have been built by Rajasimha, after whom the god appears to have been so named.

No. 77.(A. R. No. 301 of 1916.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Erichchavudaiyar temple.

This incomplete inscription of Sadaiya-Maran, the date of which is lost, refers to a certain Manabharanan-Podiyil-Velan whose wife may have provided perhaps for the burning of a lamp in the temple of Tirupottudaiya-Bhatara at Ilangoykkudi. From the mention of Manabharana as the surname of the person, it may be inferred that it was probably a biruda of the king Sadaiya-Maran himself. It does not occur, however, in his copper plate grant from Sinnamanur.

No. 78.(A. R. No. 440 of 1907.)

Sinnamanur, Periyakulam Taluk, Madurai District.On the west wall of the Lakshminarayana-Perumal temple.

This Tamil inscription is dated in the 46th year of a Sadaiya-Maran, whose identity with the other king of the same name is not clear, in the absence of similar records bearing such high regnal years. It differs from the usual run of inscriptions of this period in its registering an order (kaichcham) of the sabha of Arikesarinallur, a brahmadeya in Ala-nadu, regulating the supply of water from the channel called Srikantha-vaykkal, apparently to temple lands.

No. 79.(A. R. No. 420 of 1914.)

Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south base of the Kalanthasvamin temple.

This record is dated in the 3rd year opposite to the 4th year of the reign of Vira-Pandya who took the head of the Chola’ and registers a gift of sheep by Solantaka Pallavaraiayn alias Maran-Adichchan of Poliyur in Poliyur-nadu for burning a lamp in the temple of god Sundara-pandya-Isvarattu-Bhatara at Tiruchchuliyal a devadana in Paruttikkudi-nadu. Sundara-Pandya Isvaram must have been named after a king or prince of that name. The village is called Pallimadai or probably Pallipadai, in which latter case, the shrine may have been built in memory of a Sundara-Pandya.

A certain chieftain of Poliyur called Maran-Achchan alias Tennavan-Pallavaraipan figures in a record dated 4 + 1st year, 593rd day of a Maranjadaiyan from Tirupputtur, and he was probably an earlier member of the family to which the Maran-Achchan of this inscription belonged. Here he bears the title of Cholantaka-Pallavaraiyan from the biruda of the king Vira-Pandya namely Cholantaka, i.e., ‘god of death to the Chola’ which is equivalent to ‘Solanralaikonda’ which is found in all his records. From this fact it is clear that a Chola king had actually been kill by Vira-Pandya. From a record of this king from Ambasamudram it has been possible to fix his initial date as A.D. 946.

No. 80.(A. R. No. 421 of 1914.)

Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south base of the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This inscription is dated in the 4th year opposite to the 4th year of the same king’s reign. It registers a gift of sheep by Arulali, the headman of a village in Venbu-nadu, for burning a lamp in the temple of god Sundara-Pandya-Isvarattu-Devar at Tiruchchuliyal, for the merit of his son Kandan-Devan.

No. 81.(A. R. No. 87 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk Tirunelveli District.On the base of a ruined shrine in the tirumulanatha temple.

This record dated in the 4th year opposite to the 4th year of the king, records the gift of land in Kilur-kundukalam by a tinaikkalattan of Nakkur in Venbu-nadu, for providing for the expenses of feeding some brahmanas, who chanted some portions of the Vedas in the presence of god Tiruchchalaitturai-ninrarnlina-Emberuman of Ilangoykkudi, a brahmadeya of Mulli-nadu. A shrine or hall called Srikaranatiruchchittirakutam is also referred to in this record. The astronomical details of the day, namely, Dhanus month and Svati-nakshatra are of no use in determining the date of the record.

No. 82.(A. R. No. 424 of 1914.)

Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south wall of the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This record dated in the 5th year opposite to the 4th year of the king’s reign relates to the assignment of the sheep belonging to the temple to several shepherds, for the supply of ghee for burning lamps therein.

No. 83.(A. R. No. 429 of 1914.)

Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the base of the west wall of the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This record of Vir-Pandya is dated in the 5th year opposite to the 4th year of his reign and is damaged and incomplete. It appears to enumerate the devaradiyur who were connected with the temple of Sundar-Pandya-Isvaram at Pallipadai in Tiruchchuliyal, a devadana in paruttikkudi-nadu.

No. 84 and 85.(A. R. Nos. 627 and 627 of 1910.)

Kilmattur, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On the north wall of the Manikanthesvara temple.

This inscription is dated in the 5th year opposite to the 4th year of the king’s reign. It states that the affairs of the stone temple named Srikanthesvaram erected by Tennavan Kandan Sattan for the god Bhatara at Tirumattur, were examined by this officer, and that the wet and dry lands belonging to the temple priests (aganaligaiyar) drummers, etc., situated in Birundaiyur, were also properly checked and regulated.

The fact that the old devadana lands were checked in the time of Vira-Pandya indicates that the temple had existed from earlier times, probably as a brick structure, and that it

was now rebuilt of stone by this chieftain, with the new name of Srikanthesvaram, after his own name of Kandan, and the flower-garden called ‘Solantakan’ was endowed in the name of the king himself. This chieftain is called Tennavan-Tamilavel in another record.

No. 85 which is fragmentary, probably belonging to the same record, is engraved on several slabs in the same wall and relates to the apportionment of the taxes to be levied from the lands in Tirumattur belonging to the temple, among the aganaligaiyar, uvachhar and others.

No. 85.Other fragmentary portions belonging to this record are :

(A. R. No. 627 of 1926.)

No. 86.(A. R. No. 86 of 1926.)

Kilmattur, Madurai Taluk, Mdurai District.On the west wall of the Manikanthesvara temple.

This record of Vira-Pandya is dated in the 5th year opposite to the 5th year instead of being dated opposite to the 4th year, as in the earlier records. The stones of this record are disarranged, and some portion of the document is lost. It mentions that some lands in the village called Parantakanallur alias Vamadevamangalam which was situated in the subdivision Madakkulakkil and which belonged to the temple were examined by some officer apparently the one figuring in another record in the same temple, and the paddy derivable from them were fixed for the requirements of worship and offerings to the god Bhatara at Tiruvamattur.

No. 87.(A. R. No. 626 of 1926.)

Kilmattur, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On the south wall of the Manikanthesvara temple.

The inscription in Tamil poetry is fragmentary ; but from the available portion, it can be inferred that it refers to the building of the temple at Tirumattur by a certain Tamilavel in about the 8th year of reign of Vira-Pandya. This record contains an eulogy of this chieftain. There is a reference to some who was well-versed in Sanskrit and Tamil works, such as the Vedas, the Puranas, Patanjala mudar-panuval, etc. As the name Tennavan is mentioned in another record, that word combined with Tamilavel seems to give the full title ‘Tennavan-Tamilavel’ of the chieftain, who erected the Srikanthesvaram temple in stone. This chief figures in a record dated in the 12th year of Vira-Pandya at Ambasamudram in the Tirunelveli district.

No. 88.(A. R. No. 423 of 1914.)

Pallmadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the west wall of the Kalanathasvamin temple.

To the same king Vira-Pandya belongs this record dated in the 7th year opposite to the 4th year of his reign. It registers a gift of sheep for burning a lamp in the matha of Mahavratigal attached to the temple of Sundarapandya-Isvaram at Pallipadai. The existence of a Mahavrati-matha at this place is of interest. The Muvarkoyi inscription of

the Kodumbalur chieftain Bhuti-Vikramakesarin, who was probably a contemporary of this Pandya king, because he claims to have come into conflict with him, also refers to the fact that chief favoured the Saiva sect and that one of its teachers was a native of Madurai.

No. 89.(A. R. No. 13 of 1927.)

Vijayanarayanam, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Manonmanisvara temple.

This record is dated in the 12th year of the king and refers to a gift of sheep for burning a lamp in the temple, whose name is given, namely, Manomayanisvaram at Viayanarayana-chaturvedimangalam. It is not known whose title ‘Manomaya was ; but it already occurs in the time of Sadiaya-Maran. It may be remarked that the regnal year which had been cited as some year opposite to the 4th up till the 11th year is now quoted as only one year, as the 12th in this record. This practice was in vogue up till the 15th year, when with that year as constant, the further years are quoted as 15 + 4 and 15+5. No. 91 below however cites the year 13 + 1. The significance of this is not clear.

No. 90.(A. R. No. 426 of 1914.)

Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the north base of the Kalanathasvamin temple.

This record dated in the 13th year of the reign of Vira-Pandya registers a gift of 100 sheep by a certain Arangam-Pudi alias Poliyurnattur-Muvendavelan of Suduvuin Poliyur-nadu, for burning a lamp in the temple of Sundara-Pandya-Isvaram at Pallimadai. These sheep were left in charge of several individuals, who had to measure stimulated quantities of ghee to the temple.

No. 91.(A. R. No. 548 of 1926.)

Srivilliputtur, Srivilliputtur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south wall of the mandapa in the Perumal temple.

This record which belongs to Vira-Pandya is dated in the year opposite to the 13th year of his reign, different from the usual method in which the years quoted were opposite to the 4th year. It is stated that the sabha of Villipputtur, a brahmadeya in Malli-nadu, which had met in the temple of Tirukkarrali-Mahadeva, sold some lands newly constituted into a hamlet called Agara-dhanma-mangalam, to a certain official named Satrubhayakara-Muvendavelan alias Velan-Paranjoti of Perungulam in Tiruvaludi-valanadu, for instituting some charities in the two temples of Jalasayanattu-kkidandarulina-Paramasvamin and Tirukkarrali-Mahadevar in the village.

Among the boundaries of the village are mentioned the names of Marapputtur, Irambadu, and Srikantamangalam. Satrubhayankara was evidently a title borne by a Pandya king, possibly Vira-Pandya himself.

The penalty to be imposed on those who obstruct this charity is specified, namely, in the case of an individual, it was 50 pon but if the Sabha itself was at fault, the fine was 500 pon.

No. 92.

(A. R. No. 233 of 1932-33.)Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On the south wall of the Tiruvaludisvara temple.

This record, dated in the 15th year of the reign of Vira-Pandya, registers a gift of cows for maintaining a perpetual lamp in the temple of Tiruvaludivaram in Tiruvaludi-valanadu by a private person of the same village. The aganaligaiyar or the men in charge of the inner precincts of the temple undertook to burn the lamp.

No. 93.(A. R. No. 238 of 1932-33.)

Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Tiruvaludisvara temple.

This incomplete inscription is dated in the 15th year of Vira-Pandya and relates to the gift of buffaloes by the wife of Pandimarttanda-Pallavaraiyan alias Sennappa of Kurungudi in Manavira-valanadu, a subdivision of Tiruvaludi-valanadu, to burn a lamp in the temple of Tiruvaludisvarattu-Alvar at Perungulam in Tiruvaludi-valanadu, for the merit of her husband and herself.

The titles Tiruvaludi, Manavira and Pandimarttanda are noteworthy. “Valudi,” though it is a general title of Pandya kings has perhaps special reference to the early Pandya king Palyagasalai Mudukudumi-Peruvaludi who is referred to in the Velvikkudi copper plate grant. ‘Manvira’ must have been a title assumed by a Pandya king, presumably earlier than Vira-Pandya. Pandimarttanda-valanadu occurs as the name of a district in the time of Rajasimha himself, and as such it must have been probably a title of Rajasimha.

No. 94.(A. R. No. 474 of 1909.)

Edirkottai, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On a rock close to the Sunaikanthesvara temple.

This inscription of the 15 + 14th year of the king relates to a gift of sheep by Achchan, a resident of the cloth merchants, quarters (aruvai-vaniya-chcheri) for burning a lamp in the temple of Sunaikkudi-Bhatara.

No. 95.(A. R. No. 101 of 1905.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Erichchavudaiyar temple.

This record dated in the 5th year opposite to the 15th year of the king is the latest record found for him. It confirms a royal order made in the 12th year of the king, which was carried into effect now. It is important as mentioning the occurrence of a solar eclipse in the month of Mithuna in the 12th year of Vira-Pandya’s reign and helps to fix A.D. 946-47 as the date of his accession. It registers a gift of 10 veli of land by the king for providing worship and offerings to the deities in the temple of Tiruppottudaiya-Mahadeva at Ilangaykkudi, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu. An officer of the king named Cholantaka-Brahmamarayar and another named Tamilavelan figure in the record.

No. 96.(A. R. No. 12 of 1927.)

Vijayanarayananm, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Manonmanisvara temple.

This damaged record belongs to the reign of Vira-Pandya. The regnal year is first. It relates to a gift of sheep for a lamp to be burnt apparently in the temple of Vijayanarana-chaturvedimangalam a brahmadeya in Nattarruppokku by a certain Narayanapiran-Devan of Perumarudur in Salagramam.

MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS

No. 97.(A. R. No. 294 of 1916.)

Singampatti, Ambasamudram taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a rock in a field in Melai-Singampatti.

This Vatteeluttu inscription of eight short lines is engraved in early characters but owing to the condition of the rock, as well as the peculiar nature of the script, its purport cannot be clearly made out. It is not dated in the reign of any Pandya king known to epigraphy, but appears, however, to refer to the death of some hero probably in one of the frontier skirmishes, which were frequent events in early, Pandya history.

The writing may be attributed to the 7th century A.D. and may be compared with the label inscription of two lines engraved in the rock-cut cave at Pillaiyarpatti, Ramanathapuram district and another label at Aivarmalai, Madurai district.

No. 98.(A. R. No. 66 of 1905.)

Anaimalai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.At the entrance into the mandapa of the cave near the Narasinga-Perumal

temple.

This inscription is engraved in Vatteluttu characters of the early 9th century A.D. It states that a certain Nambiranbhatta-Somasi-Parivirajakar renovated (pudukku) something, which refers evidently to the mandapa, where it is found. Though no king’s name is mentioned, the record may be attributed to the early Pandya times.

No. 99-106.(A. R. No. 67 to 74 of 1905.)

Anaimalai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On a rock with sculptures overhanging a natural cave.

The following lable inscriptions in Vatteluttu and Tamil characters are engraved below the images of the Jaina gods sculptured in half-relief on the rock near the cave at Anaimalai. They are attributable to about the beginning and end of the 9th century A.D., and as they must have been incised in Pandya times only, their texts are reproduced below.

No. 99.

(A. R. No. 67 of 1905.)

No. 100.

(A. R. No. 68 of 1905.)


No. 101.

(A. R. No. 69 of 1905.)

No. 102.

(A. R. No. 70 of 1905.)

No. 103.

(A. R. No. 71 of 1905.)

No. 104.

(A. R. No. 72 of 1905.)

No. 105.

(A. R. No. 73 of 1905.)

No. 106.

(A. R. No. 74 of 1905.)

No. 107 - 119.(A. R. No. 691 to 703 of 1905.)

Ayyampalaiyam, Palani Taluk, Madurai District.

The following Vatteluttu and Tamil labels are engraved near the natural cavern in the hill called the Aivarmalai, which was called ‘Ayiraimalai’ in the inscriptions. This Ayirai was famous in the olden times as a Jaina colony. The God Parsvanatha sculptured in this place was the recipient of some endowments in the reign of the Pandya king Varagunavarman in A.D. 870. The Vatteluttu labels engraved below the images of several Jaina Tirthankaras sculptured in half relief near this cavern are also attributable to the same period approximately, and they record the fact that the respective images were the gifts of Ajjanandi, Indrasena, Mallisena, etc., Avvanandi-Kurattiyar the disciple of Pattini-Kurattiyar also had an image sculptured on the rock. An ascetic by the name of Ajjanandi is mentioned in the Jivakachintamani, the premier Jaina classic of this early period.

No.115, which is written in a more archaic script, is very much damaged.

No. 120-128.(A. R. Nos. 723 to 732 of 1905.)

Uttamapalaiyam, Periyakulam Taluk, Madurai District.On the rock called the Karuppannasvamin rock.

The subjoined Vatteluttu inscriptions are engraved in characters attributable to about the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 10th century A.D. below the images of the Jaina deities sculptured in low relief on the face of the rock. Some of them are very much worn out while three of them are legible. They record that certain images were cut by Ajjanandi (No. 126) and by Arittanemi-Periyar, the disciple of Ashtopavasi Kanakavirar (No.

122). In No. 128 this hill is called Tirukkunagiri and a certain ascetic named Anantavara-Adigal is stated to have made a gift of money for a lamp to the God Tirukkunagiri-Devar.


No. 129-130.(A. R. Nos. 603 to 604 of 1915.)

Eruvadi, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a boulder in the Irattaipottai rock.

The following two labels engraved in Vatteluttu characters of the early 9thcentury A.D. are found below the images of Jaina Gods sculptured on the face of the rock overhanging a cavorn on the hill. One of them states that the ascetic Ajjanand was responsible for the setting up of the image under which the inscription is engraved, while the other mentions a sabha. This Ajjanandi has figured in similar donative labels at Uttamapalaiyam and Ayyampalaiyam, two other Jains colonies in the Madurai district, which were flourishing in this period.

CHOLA-PANDYA VICEROYS

No. 131.(A. R. No. 213 of 1932-33.)

Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north side of the artha-mandapa in the Tiruvaludisvara temple.

In the third year of Jatavarman Sundara-Chola-Pandya in which this inscription is dated, a certain Vellala of Perungulam alias Uttamasolanallur in Tiruvaludi-Valanadu made a gift of sheep for burning a lamp in front of the goddess Durgaiyar in the temple of Tiruvaludisvaram.

No. 132.(A. R. No. 107 of 1905.)

Mannarkoyil, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Gopalasvamin temple.

This record dated in the 4th year o the reign of Jatavarman Sundara-Chola-Pandya states that the assembly having met in a hall of the ambalam, made some decision about the lands and houses granted to the gardeners, drummers, potters, garland-makers, torch-bearers and devaradiyar of the temple of Sri-Rajendrasola-vinnagar-Alvar at Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in mulli-nadu, a subdivision of Mudigondasola-valanadu, a district of Rajaraja-Pandinadu. The record is incomplete and so the full details of the transaction are not available.

As stated in another inscription, from the same temple, the temple of Rajendrasola-vinnagar-Alavar was erected by the Chera king Rajasimha in the name of Rajendrasoladevar, the Chola king who was apparently his overload.

No. 133.(A. R. No. 108 of 1905.)


This fragmentary inscription mentions the 6th year of the reign of a king those name, which is lost in the missing portion, may be Sundara-Chola-Pandya. It is noteworthy that a seat in the kudam or hall of the palace was called Rajendrasola-iranai-vilupparaiyan, evidently after the name of the officer, ‘Tirumandira-olai-iyakam’ of the same name, who also figures in this record ; and that the king was stated on this seat while issuing the order, which in its entirety may have some reference in the gift of the taxes on the lands in a village called Manabharana-chaturvedimangalam, which had been endowed as a devadana to the temple of Rajendrasola-vinnagar-Devar. The revenue officers mentioned here figure in other records of this viceroy.

No. 134.(A. R. No. 70 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Tirumulanatha temple.

This incomplete epigraph dated in the 6th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Chola-Pandya relates to some gift, the nature of which is not specified, made by Sendan-Tambi-Nangai, for burning a lamp in front of the Tirumulasthanattu-Mahadeva at Tiruchchalaitturai in Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu, a subdivision of Mudikondasola-valanadu, a division of Rajaraja-Pandinadu. Sendan seugaiyan, a merchant of Kshatriyasikhamanipuram is stated to be he guardian.

No. 135.(A. R. No. 416 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central shrine in the Somanatha temple.

This record is dated in the 6th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya and registers a gift of two buffaloes by a certain vellala of Arrur-Sendamangalam, a brahmadeya in Kuda-nadu for a lamp in the temple of Somanathadeva. These were left of the charge of two Sivabrahmanas of the temple, who had to supply the ghee necessary for the burning of the lamp.

No. 136.(A. R. No. 40 of 1908.)

Virasikhamani, Sankaranayinarkoil Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a pillar of the rock-cut cave temple.

This record of the 8th year of this viceroy is very much damaged and appears to relate to some gift of land for maintaining a lamp in the temple of Kayilayattu-Perumanadigal at Viravinoda-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Kallaga-nadu a subdivision of Mudigondasola-valanadu.

No. 137.(A. R. No. 615 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.

This incomplete record dated in the [10]th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Chola Pandya registers a gift made by the Sivabrahmanas of the temple of Cholendrasimha-Isvaramudaiyar at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam in regard to something which was done in the temple of Srikayilayamudaiyar in the same village.

No. 138.(A. R. No. 618-A of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Ammainatha temple.

These two disjointed fragments appear to belong to Jatavarman Sundara-Chola-pandya and refer to separate gifts of money and land made by a few persons for burning a lamp in the temple of Kayilasamudaiyar (?).

The year 10 is mentioned is fragment 1 while fragment 2 refers to year 8 (?), Nambirattiyar and to the onam festival.

No. 139.(A. R. No. 5 of 1927.)

Vijayanarayanam, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north and west walls of the Manonmanisvara temple.

This inscription is dated in the [10]th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya out it is incomplete, land does not contain information as to the nature of the transaction it was intended to record. After this is another fragmentary portion dated in the 14th year of a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pandyadeva. Vijayanarayanam is called Jayangonda sola-chaturvedimangalam and was a brahmadeya in Nattarruppokku in Uttamasola-valanadu.

No. 140.(A. R. No. 76 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west and south walls of the Tirumulanatha temple.

This record, the date of which is lost is the damaged portion but which may have been within 10, belongs to Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya and registers a gift of 16 kasu and a lampstand by Bhuvaniperuvali alias Sankaranarayanapperaiyan, a Vellala of Rayasikhamani, for maintaining a perpetual lamp in the temple of Mulasthanattu-Paramesvara at Tiruchchalaitturai in Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam.

No. 141.(A. R. No. 115 of 1905.)

Tiruvalisvaram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Valisvara temple.

The record dated in the 11th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya registers a gift of cows by the mahasabha of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam for burning a lamp in the temple of god Tiruvalisvaramudaiyar. Several other similar endowments are also recorded in continuation of this gift.

No. 142.(A. R. No. 439 of 1909.)

Adanur koilpatti Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine, adilingesvara temple.

This Vatteluttu record dated in the 11th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Chola-pandya is damaged at the end. It registers a gift of a lamp with stand and fifty sheep by a certain Achchan Perran for maintaining a perpetual lamp in the temple of Nattisvarattalvar at Adanur alias Udaiyamarttandanallur in Surangudi-nadu.

No. 143.(A. R. No. 621 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the central shrine in the Ammainatha temple.

This epigraph dated in the 12th year of Sundara-Cholapandya registers an agreement given by aganaligai-sivabrahmanas of the temples Cholendrasimha-Isvaram and Sri-Kayilayamudaiyar-Srikoyil to burn a lamp in the latter temple in return for the interest on an amount of 36 kasu, which was required to be contributed by them towards the construction of the tiruchchurrumadam in the temple, and which was paid on their behalf in a lump sum by a certain Srikantha-Damodarabhattan of Perumaru[dur] residing in this village.

No. 144.(A. R. No. 109 of 1905.)


This inscription dated in the 18th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya registers the sale by the sabha of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam to the temple of Rajendrasola-vinnagar-Paramasvamigal, which according to other inscriptions is known to be the temple built by the Chera king Rajasimha in the name of his Chola overlord.

No. 145.(A. R. No. 110 of 1905.)

Mannarkoyil, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north, west and south walls of the Gopalasvamin temple.

This inscription issued on the 139th day in the 13th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya contains the details of the sale of land by the sabha of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam to the temple of Rajarajasola-vinnagar-Devar. As stated in some other records of this viceroy he was seated in the western mandapa in the attattuveli or the open space reserved for plays in the palace at Rajendrasolapuram, while passing the orders relative to this document. The land sold, viz., 14 and odd veli in extent, was re-grouped into a new hamlet called Solapandyanallur and converted into a tax-free devanda. The names o several revenue officials are mentioned in this record. This inscription is connected with No. 109 of 1905, i.e., No. 144 above.

No. 146.(A. R. No. 82 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Perumal shrine in the Tirumulanatha temple.

This slightly damaged record is dated in the 15th year of Jatavarman Sundara Cholapandya and relates to the gift of land made for the merit of the merchant community called nana-desi-disai-ayirattu-ainnurruvar, apparently of Pandi-mandalam who were residing in the quarter called Rajendrasolapperunderuvu probably at Rajaraja-

chaturvedimangalam. This merchant-guild figures in a number of other records in the Tirunelveli district. The donor appears to be a member of this community named Solai-Ainnurruvan.

No. 147.(A. R. No. 612 of 1916.)


This inscription which is dated in the 13th year of the same Sundara-Cholapandya registers a sale of land by the mahasabha of Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam to the temple of Sri-Kailasamudaiyar after receiving the vilaipporul (i.e., sale price) and the iraipporul (i.e., the amount paid in a lump sum in lieu of the annual taxes).

Among the boundaries is mentioned a channel called Nigarilisola-vaykkal.

No. 148.(A. R. No. 106 of 1905.)


This epigraph dated in the 14th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya registers the sale of the village Manabharana-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu, which was the property of two brahmanas of Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam named Govindan Madhava-bhattan and Govindan Tiruvikraman to the temple of Rajendrasola-vinnagar-Paramasvamigal at Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam. It is stated that the brahmanas had originally, obtained the village as the gurus, probably, of the ruling dynasty.

No. 149.(A. R. No. 75 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasmudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the Tirumulanathasvamin temple.

This record of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya dated in his 14th year is incomplete. It registers a gift of a lamp by a brahmana named Alikonrai Vasudevakramavittan of Panchavan-madevichcheri, a suburb of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, to the temple of Srimulasthanamudaivar. In this inscription Mullinadu is described as a subdivision of Mudigondasola-valanadu, a division of Rajaraja-Pandinadu.

No. 150.(A. R. No. 392 of 1916.)

Mannarkoyil, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a step in the mandapa of the Gopalasvamin temple.

This inscription which belongs to the 14th regnal year of Sundara-Cholapandya without any distinguishing epithet registers a gift of a lamp-stand and of cows for maintaining half a lamp in the temple of Rajendrasola-Vinnagar-Alvar, by a servant, (name lost) of Seralanmadeviyar, queen of the Chera king Cheramanar Rasingadevar. As the Chera king Rajasimha was a contemporary of the first viceroy Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya (Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, pp. 294) this record must be attributed to him.


No. 151.(A. R. No. 618-B of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha Temple.

This inscription is fragmentary and contains a portion of the Chola viceroy’s name. It is dated in the 14th year.

No. 152.(A. R. No. 712 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelvei District.On the south wall of the mandapa in front of a shrine, Ramasvamin temple.

This inscription, which is damaged at several places, is dated in the 14th year of Sundara-Cholapandya and registers a gift of land made by the sabha of Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam for providing certain offerings to the image of god Uyyakkondalvar in the temple of Nigarilisola-vinnagar.

No. 153.(A. R. No. 700 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the east wall of the central shrine, Ramasvamin temple.

This epigraph dated in the 15th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya registers a gift of pieces of land by a certain Parantakan-Nirainjan alias Disai-Ayirattainnurruva Dasamadi…………viran for the maintenance of a watchman (tirumeykappu) for the temple of Nigarilisola-vinnagar-Alvar. The donor appears to have belonged to a trading guild as indicated by the name Disai-Ayirattainnurruvan borne by him.

No. 154.(A. R. No. 111 of 1905.)


This inscription is dated in the 16th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya and states that the Chera king (Seramanar) Rajarajadevar was present at the western gopura of the temple of Rajendrasola-vinnagar-Paramasvamigal while issuing the order making the ten veli of land in Manabharana-chaturvedimangalam, a tax-free village belonging to the temple, as kudininga-devadana to six persons, who in return had to measure as vadakkadan 2600 kalam of paddy per year. The measure called anavaratadanan is mentioned.

No. 155.(A. R. No. 77 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Tirumulanathasvamin temple.

This record dated kin the 16th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya registers a gift of sheep and 6 palankasu by a vellalaof Vidivittankanallur, a hamlet of Rajaraja-

chaturvedimangalam, for maintaining a lamp in the temple of Tiruchchalaitturaiudaiya-Mahadeva.

No. 156.(A. R. No. 72 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Tirumulanathasvamin temple.

This is a damaged record belonging to the 17th year of a certain …… Solapandya who was evidently Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya. The name of God Tiruchchalaitturai-Isvarar in ……………………chaturvedimangalam is mentioned as also some provision made for burning a lamp in this temple, the details of which are lost.

No. 157.(A. R. No. 619 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north and west walls of the central shrine, Ammainathasvamin temple.

This inscription is issued on the 7th day of the 17th year of Sundara-Cholapandya is of interest in that its wording follows the conventional form adopted in the Chola period for documents conveying lands. Two veli of land lying within the four boundaries specified with meticulous detail, in the village called Kallur in Melvemba-nadu in Mudigondasola-valanadu were given to the temple of Srikayilasamudaiya-Mahadeva, at the request of Amman, after having separated this land from the original division and constituting it into a new unit called Sivapadasekharanallur from the 16th year of Sundara-Chola’s viceroyalty. ‘Sivapadasekhara’ was a title of Rajaraja the Great and hence this endowment was made in this honour. Certain taxes such as alagerudu-katchikkasu and katchi-erudu-kasu were remitted on these lands, which were now made tax-free devadana. Sundara-Cholapandya is described as having been seated in the western hall of the place at Rajendra-solapuram at the time of issuing this order.

No. 158.(A. R. No. 622 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central shrine in the Ammainathasvamin temple.

This inscription is dated in the 17th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya registers a gift of 25 sheep by Ve[mba]n-Puvan, a merchant of Vanavanmadevipuram in Irunjonadu, a subdivision of Rajaraja-Pandinadu, to the temple of Kudarkudi-Mahadeva. Kudarkudi was the original name of the present Kundalakkuttu, and is mentioned in the Erukkangudi inscription of Srivallabha, the Early Pandya king among the places wherein Iruppaikkudi-Kilavan had made some benefactions.

No. 160.(A. R. No. 327 of 1916.)

Tiruvalisvaram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Valisvara temple.

This record is connected with No. 161 below to which it is complementary, and was issued while Sundara-Cholapandyua was seated in the western pavilion in the attattuveli in the palace precincts at rajaendrasolapuram. It relates to a gift of 5 veli of land by purchase from the mahasabha of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam for the expenses of conducting

festivals in the temple of Tiruvalisvaram-udaiyar and for feeding 25 brahmanas and for the reading of the Sivadharma. The income from his land was ordered to be utilized for the above-mentioned items of charity by the king’s uncle (amman), as already stated in the other record, from the 16th year of Sundara-Solapandya’s reign.

No. 161.(A. R. No. 332 of 1916.)

Tiruvalisvaram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the valisvara temple.

This record is dated on the 65th day of the 17th year of Jatavarman Sundaracholapandya and is connected with No. 160 above. It was issued when the viceroy was seated in the dinner hall on the seat called Rajendrasola-Atimurkhachchengirai in the pavilion (chittirakudam) in the garden called Puttan to the north of Madurai in Madakkulakkil, a subdivision of Madhurantaka-valanadu, on the 53rd day of the 17th regnal year and was entered in the variyilidu (tax register) on the 65th day of the same year. Under instructions from the Amman or uncle of the viceroy, land in Kakkalur, a suburb of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam was purchased and endowed to the temple of Tiruvalisvaram-udaiyar for conducting festivals and for feeding brahmanas. Provision was also made for reading the Sivadharmam in the temple referred to in the other record from the same temple.

It may be noted that the name of the seat on which the viceroy was seated was apparently derived from the name of one of his officers Tirumandira olainayakam Rajendrasola-Atimurkhachchengirai.

No. 162.(A. R. No. 102 of 1905.)

Ambasamudram, Abasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Erichchavudaiyar temple.

This Vatteluttu record dated in the 18th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya is engraved in the Erichchavudaiyar shrine, and the stones are somewhat disarranged. The object of the record seems to be the provision made for burning lamps in the shrines of Tiruppottudaiyar and Mulasthanam-udaiyar at Tiruchchalaitturai in Rajarajachaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu, a subdivision of Mudigondasola-valanadu. Two other disconnected fragments are found on some slabs embedded in the walls of the same shrine.

No. 163.(A. R. No. 83 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the Perumal shrine in the Tirumulanatha temple.

This record which is dated in the 19th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya is very much damaged, but from the existing traces it is evident that it registers a gift of twenty-five sheep by a person, whose name is obliterated, for the maintenance of a lamp in the temple of Tiruchchalaitturai-Mahadeva at Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu, a subdivision of Mudigondasola-valanadu, a division of Rajaraja-Pandinadu.

No. 164.

(A. R. No. 630 of 1916.)Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.

On the south wall of the central shrine in the Ammainathasvamin Temple.

This record is dated in 19th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya. It states that 2 veli of land which had been granted as devadana to the temple of Kayilasamudaiyar at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam by the Cholapandya viceroy and which had been constituted into a separate revenue unit under the name of Sivapadasekharanallur had originally been taken over for cultivation by the urar who had the kani right over Kallur in Melvemba-nadu, a subdivision of Mudigondasola-valanadu. But as they were unable to pay the taxes thereon, they relinquished their cultivation rights in favour of the devakanmis of the temple, who now took over the lands, and gave an undertaking to the Puravari-tina-kkalattar and the Varippottagamudaiyar, the revenue officials, not to interfere in any matter whatsoever with the lands in future.

The record is connected with No. 157 above in its subject matter.

No. 165.(A. R. No. 81 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the mandapa in the Tirumulanatha temple.

This is dated I the 20th year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya and registers a gift of buffaloes by a private person for maintaining a lamp in the temple of Mulastha-an mudaiyar at Tiruchchalaitturai in Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu.

No. 166.(A. R. No. 625 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasaudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine, Ammainathasvamin temple.

This belongs to Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya, as his title Jatavarman is given, and it registers the usual gift of fifty sheep by Araiyan Ambalanathan for burning a lamp in the temple of Srikayilayam-udaiya-Mahadeva. The regnal year is [20].

No. 167.(A. R. No. 395 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Somanathesvara temple.

This record registers a gift of fifty sheep made by a soldier belonging to the battalion called sundara-solapondyatterina-palaiyaral for burning a lamp in the temple of Somanathadeva at Arrur. There are several instances in which battalions were named after the name or surname of the reigning king, and the soldier of this record belonged to one such regiment named after Sundara-Cholapandya. From later Pandya records, it is learnt that a Pandya army was stationed at Perungulam, a village situated near Arrur, land this Chola regiment may also have been in occupation of that village at this period.

As records of this viceroy later than the 23rd year are not known the date read doubtfully as [30] may probably be 20.

No. 168.(A. R. No. 64 of 1905.)

Anaimalai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On the rock in the rock-cut tempfle of Narasimha.

This inscription of the 21st year of the viceroy registers a gift of sheep by a private person for a lamp in the temple of god Narasingadeva at Anaimalai.

No. 169.(A. R. No. 65 of 1905.)

Anaimalai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On the rock in the rock-cut temple of Narasimha.

This inscription of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya is dated in the 21st year of his rule. It is incomplete, but from the available portion it appears to refer to some gift made for the maintenace of a perpetual lamp in the temple of lNarasimha, by the wife of sendan-Bhattan of Iraiyanaraisur, which is a place in the Tirukkoyilur taluk of the South Arcot District. Anaimalai is said to be situated in Kiliraiyanmuttam in Rajendrasola-valanaldu, a district of Rajaraja-Pandinadu.

No. 170.(A. R. No. 330 of 1916.)

Tiruvalisvaram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Valisvaram Temple.

This inscription belongs to the 21st year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya and registers a gift of 35 cows by a maid-servant of queen Ulagudaiya-pirattiyar named Bhaktargal-pandaram, for burning a perpetual lamp to god Tiruvalisvaram-udaiya, Emberuman at Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu.

No. 171.(A. R. No. 99 of 1924.)

Perichchikoyil, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south wall of the Bhairava shrine in the Sugandhavanesvara temple.

This record is dated in the 21st year of the viceroy who is referred to as Jatavarman alias Udaiyar [Vi]rasola pandyadeva and registers a gift of land by a certain Kulasani Maluvamanikkam alias Ahirajaraja-Pungnra-nadalvan for providing offerings to the image of god Kshetrapala at Menmarudur alias Jayangonda-solanallur in Gangaikondasola-valanadu, a division of Rajaraja-Pandinadu.

This record appears to belong to the first viceroy of the name of Sundara-Chola-pandya, as a different viceroy with the high regnal year of 21 cannot be otherwise accounted for.

No. 172.(A. R. No. 473 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a stone in the pavement of the amma shrine in the Somanathesvara temple.

This inscription dated in the 21st year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya is damaged at the end. It registers some gift made by Lokaditta-kkuttan of the Bharadvaja-gotra, a resident of Arrur-Sendamangalam for burning a lamp in the temple of Somanathesvara alias Ten-Tiruppuvanamudaiyar at Arrur-Sendamangalam, a brahmadeya in Kuda-nadu, a

subdivision of Uttamasola-valanadu. Ten-Tiruppuvanam must have been so named after the god of the same name in the Ramanathapuram district.

No. 173.(A. R. No. 4 of 1931-32.)

Alagarkoyil, Melur Taluk, Madurai District.On a pillar in the Sundara-Pandyan-mandapa in the temple.

This record is dated in the [22]nd year of a certain Jatavarman Sri-Cholapandya and registers some gift, the details of which are lost, by a certain brahmana lady of Solapandya-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Karunilakkudi-nadu, for maintaining a nilai-vilakku in the temple of god Tirumalirunjolai-ninraruliya-Paramasvamin in Kiliraniyamattam in Rajendrasola-valanadu, a division of Rajaraja-Pandinadu. He may perhaps be identified with Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya for whom records of the 22nd year are known.

No. 174.(A. R. No. 438 of 1909.)

Adanur, Kovilpatti Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north and west walls of the Adilingesvara temple..

This record consists of several disjointed pieces of which one mentions the 23rd year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya and to Adanur in Surangudi-nadu. The name of the god Nattisvarattu-Alvar is mentioned in another piece.

No. 175.(A. R. No. 617 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasaudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Ammainathasvain temple.

This inscription dated in the 23rd year of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya relates to the sale of some land by the mahasabha of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam. The record being damaged after this portion further details as to the object of the transfer of land, etc., are not known.


No. 176.(A. R. No. 338 of 1929-30.)

Kundalakkuttu, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On a rock to the North of the Perumal Temple.

This is an incomplete record belonging to the 23rd year of Jatavarman Solapandya, who was probably Sundara-Cholapandya himself. As the record is damaged after the fifth line, no details as to its contents are available. Madurantaka-valanadu, a division of Rajaraja-Pandinadu is mentioned.

No. 177.(A. R. No. 114 of 1905.)

Mannarkoyil, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Gopalasvamin temple.

This record, which was incised in the reign of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya, whose regnal year is, however, lost in a portion which is now missing, gives a catalogue of several persons who had received gifts of buffaloes and cows from the Chera king Rasingadevar-Bhandaram (i.e., Rajasimha), in return for which they had to supply specified quantities of ghee to the temple for burning therewith perpetual lamps.

No. 178.(A. R. No. 410 of 1906.)

Sevilipem, Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Alagar temple.

This record, which belongs to the reign of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya, is damaged at the date portion. It registers a gift of fifty sheep by Ravinarayanan of Tiruvelur alias Tralokyamadevi-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Karungudinadu, a subdivision of Rajedrasola-valanadu, a district of Rajaraja-pandinadu for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Ten Tirumalirunjolai-Emberuman at Tirumukkudal.

No. 179.(A.R. No. 80 of 1997.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the mandapa in the Tirumulanatha temple.

This is a fragmentary inscription of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya of which is lost. It mentions Mutturrukkurram and Tribhuvanamadevi-chaturvedimangalam, which was probably the full name of the village referred to in the wall.

No. 180.(A. R. No. 85 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the base of the ruined shrine in the Tirumulanatha temple.

This record, which is built in at its right end, belongs to the reign of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya, the regnal year being lost. It registers provision made for burning a lamp to god Karumanikkadeva at Tiruchchalaitturai, the gift having been made by some individual, name lost, belong to the nagaram (city) called Kshatriyasikhamanipuram in the same nadu.

No. 181.(A. R. No. 88 of 1907.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the base of a ruined shrine in the Tirumulanatha temple.

This epigraph is built in at its left end, and the portion that is visible registers, some endowment made by a vellala named Kurungudi-Solai, which was left in charge of a vaikhanasan doing worship in the temple. This shrine contains an image of Vishnu, which was called Tiruchchalaitturai-ninrarulina-Emberuman in No. 81 above in the time of the Pandya king Vira Pandya and as Karumanikkadevar in No. 180 above in the time of this Chola-Pandya viceroy.

No. 182.(A. R. No. 623 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.

This epigraph, which is fragmentary apparently, belongs to the time of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya. It mentions the gift of fifty cows made by Ulagudaiyar queen of the Chola king, who took Gangai, Kidaram and Purvadesam, i.e., Rajendra-Chola I, whose name is lost in this inscription, for maintaining two lamps in the temple of Kailasamudaiya-Mahadeva. Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya must have succeeded Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya. The queen Ulagudaiyar, wife of Rajendra-Chola, must have continued to live then. It is not clear if Rajendra-Chola was dead at the time ; possibly he was.

No. 183.(A. R. No. 434 of 1909.)

Adanur, Kovilpatti Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Adilingesvara temple.

This Vatteluttu-record of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandyadeva is dated in his twentieth year and registers a gift of 25 sheep by a certain person whose name is obliterated for burning a lamp in the temple at Adanjur in Surangudi-nadu, a subdivision of Mudigondasola-valanadu. The gift was left under the guardianship of Deyavira, i.e., Deyaviras, who were evidently a battalion of soldiers stationed in the locality.

No. 184.(A. R. No. 628 of 1916.)

Sermadevi Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.

In the 21st year of Maravarman VikramaCholapandyadeva, a certain Brahmana lady of Ninrayil named Manikutti-nangai of the Kundina-gotra made a gift of 25 cows for burning a lamp in the temple of Mahadeva at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam.

No. 185.(A. R. No. 620 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.

Dated in the 22nd year of Maravarman Vikra-Cholapandya this inscription records a gift of 25 sheep made by Kuditangi Sengodi, a velattal, i.e., a servant-maid of the household of Cheramanar, i.e., the Chera king. The Chera king is in all probability the Travancore ruler Rajasimha, who has ready figures in the record of Jatavarman Sundara Cholapandya as having built a temple of Rajaendrasola-vinnagar-Alvar at Mannarkoyil (Ep. Ind. Vol. XI, p. 295-97).

No. 186.(A. R. No. 406 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the central shrine in the Somanatha temple.

This record dated in the 22nd year of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya registers a gift of paddy by a certain Manjan Sadaiyan of Karuppur in Marugal-nadu, a sub-division of Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu, a district of Solamandalam, for the maintenance of a perpetual lamp in the temple of the Somanathadeva at Arrur, and for the expenses of feeding some Srimahesvaras in the temple. Arrur is stated to be a hamlet of Rajahhiraja-chaturvedimangalam, a bahmadeya in Kuda-nadu.

The fragmentary inscription also engraved on the same wall belongs to this viceroy; but his regnal year is obliterated. It appears to relate to some unspecified gift made to the temple by a servant named Surri-Tali of Sattamangalam.

No. 187.(A. R. No. 328 of 1916.)

Tiruvalisvaram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the central shrine, Valisvara temple.

This inscription dated in the 25th year of Maravarman Vikra-Cholapandyadeva registers a gift of 13 cows by a certain individual, whose name is obliterated for maintaining half a lamp, apparently in this temple.

No. 188.(A. R. No. 616 of 1916.)


This damaged inscription of the 25th year of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandyadeva registes a gift of 25 sheep, made by a shepherd of the village for burning half a lamp in the Kayilayamudaiya-Mahadeva temple at Nigrilisola-chaturvedimangalam.

No. 189.(A. R. No. 627 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.

This record which is dated in the 25th year of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya registers a gift of 25 cows made by Parakrama-narayana-Brahmasrirajan for a lamp in the temple of Kayilasamudaiya-Mahadeva at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam. This Parakrama-narayana, apparently a brahmana, is described as dandanayakam, i.e., a captain of a regiment of the Chola army, which must have been posted in this locality. Parakrama-Narayana may have been a biruda of the viceroy himself, from which perhaps the captain had copied his own surname.

No. 190.(A. R. No. 640 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the east wall of the Dakshinamurti shrine in the Ammainatha temple.

This record of the [25]th year of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya relates to the gift of 12 kasu by Madevinangai-sani, the mother of a certain Karipurattu Nambi, a madhyastha of the village, and the agreement tendered by the Sivabrahmanas of the two temples, Cholendrasimhesvara and Srikayilasam at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu to burn a lamp in front of the god Dakshinamurtideva in the Srikailasa temple. Mention is made of a portion of this temple called Rajadhirajan-tiruchchurralai, i.e, the circumambulatory corridor evidently named after Rajahiraja, the successor of Rajendra-Chola I on the Chola throne at this time.

No. 191.(A. R. No. 393 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Somanatha Temple.

This record is dated in the 25th year of the reign of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandyadeva and registers an agreement given by the aganaligai-sivabrahmanas, i.e., the priests in charge of the inner precincts of the temple to the temple authorities to the effect that they will conduct the items of charity, namely, the provision of milk-porridge to the god Somanathadeva at Arrur in Rajadhiraja-chaturvedimangalam and feeding fifteen Sivabrahmanas in the temple on each amavasya day every month for which a gift of money had been made by Kandan-Ayyanar of Mangalakkal. This amount was invested on the purchase of some lands, land from the annual produce of these lands, the charity was to be conducted.

The donor Kandan-Ayyanar is also called Nripasikhamani-Muvendavelan, evidently after the biruda of some royal personage but whose surname Nripasikhamani is not ascertainable.

No. 192.(A. R. No. 417 of 1929-30.)

Attur Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central lshrine in the somanatha temple.

This record which is dated in the 25th year of Maravarman Vikra-Cholapandyadeva refers to the gift of paddy by a certain Udaiyadivakkaran Tirumurti of Madevimangalam in Panaiyur-nadu in Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu, a district of Solamandalam for providing panchagavya on the days of amavaysa to the image of god Ten-Tiruppuvanam-udaiyar, in the temple of Somanathadeva at Arrur, and for feeding ten brahmanas on those days in the temple. These brahmanas were required to be paradesis, i.e., those who did not belong to the village but had come thereafter a sacred bath in the sanghamukam and should be of good character (nallaray-iruppar). The ingredients for the panchagavya (the five products of the cow) are enumerated as milk, curds, ghee, gomutra and gomaya.

No. 193.(A. R. No. 113 of 1905.)

Mannarkoyil, Ammasamudram Taluk, Tiunelveli District.On the south all of the Gopalasvamin temple.

This incomplete inscription probably belongs to Maravarman Vikrama Cholapandya whose name and date are lost in the portion built in the wall, at the right side. Mention is made of Seramanar Rajarajadevar, and a certain Gandaradittan Pichchan.

No. 194.(A. R. No. 642 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west and north walls of the central shrine in the Ammainatha temple.

This inscription is dated in the 3rd year but the king’s name is not specified at the beginning. It states that when Jatavarman alias Udaiyar Solapandyadeva was seated in the bathing room (irumanjanasalai in the palace at Rajendrasolapuram, the royal order of his father (nam ayyar who has the historical introduction virametunaiyagavum (i.e., Virarajendradeva) was received that certain lands belonging to the temple of Kailasanatha at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam may be exempted from the payment of taxes from the third year, apparently of the Cholapandya viceroy, the necessary revenue instructions

were issued to that effect. The document is worded in detail like the Chola records of this period, and is attested by a number of officials in conformity with the revenue procedure prevalent at that time.

This Cholapandya viceroy was evidently the son of Virarajendradeva named Gangaikondasolan on whom the title of Chola-pandya had been conferred by his father. In a record from Attur in the same district there is reference to another son named Rajendra-Chola, who is said to have been granted the title of Cholapandya.

No. 195.(A. R. No. 403 of 1906.)

Sevilaperi, Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Alagar Temple.

This record, which belongs to the same Jatavarman Cholapandya, is dated in his regnal year and registers a gift of twenty-five sheep by a certain Perrakkari Alallan, a shepherd of the temple of Tirunelveli-devar in Kil-Vemba-nadu for burning lamp in the temple of Ten-Tirumajrunjolai-Alvar on behalf of Vemban Kulavan Perrakari.

Alagarkoyil in the Madurai District is called Tirumalirunjolai and the god at iperi has been named Ten-Tirumalirunjolai in consideration of its position to the of its Madurai namesake.

No. 196.(A. R. No. 329 of 1916.)

Tiruvalisvaram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the central shrine in the Valisvara temple.

This record belongs to Maravarman Parakrama-Cholapandyadeva and is dated in the 3rd regnal year. As he bears the title Maravarman, there must have been a viceroy with the title Jatavarman between him and Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya. This Parakrama must have been the last Cholapandya viceroy, and with him this administrative device of appointing viceroys to this outlying province was apparently given up.

This record registers a gift of sheep by a certain Raman-Keni alias Naduvirukkai Danmasetti for a lamp in the temple of Tiruvalsvaram-udaiyar. The man with whom the sheep were left, namely, Nasakan Kuvanai also figures in No. 170 above.

No. 197.(A. R. No. 613 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha Temple.

This record of Maravarman Parakrama-Cholapandyadeva is dated in the 4th year and registers a gift of 12 kasu by Yogadeva and Somadevi from Kasairadesam for burning a lamp in the temple of Sri-Kayilayamudaiya-Mahadeva at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu.

It is of interest of notice that natives of Kasmiradesam sojourned in the south, either on pilgrimage or as a result of the patronage extended to Saivism by Chola and Pandya kings. Several natives of Kasmiradesam and Aryadesam have figured in Chola and Pandya epigraphs.

MEDIAEVAL PANDYAS(JATAVARMAN SRIVALLABHA.)

No. 198.(A. R. No. 323 of 1908.)

Kuruvitturai, Nilakkottai Taluk, Madurai District.On the west wall of the central shrine in the Chitrarathavallabha-Perumal

Temple.

This record of the 2nd year of Jatavarman Srivallabha commences with the historical introduction, ‘Tirumadandaiyum,’ etc., and registers a gift o 100 diramam by the two widows of a brahmana named Turppil Sridhara-Bhatta of Cholantaka-chaturvedimangalam, and both of them sisters of a certain Sundarattol-udaiyan-Bhattan of Gomapuram, through whom the endowment is stated to have been made. The interest collected on the investment amounted to 2 diramam per month, i.e., it worked to 24 per cent per annum

No. 199.(A. R. No. 539 of 1911.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the first prakara in the Bhaktavatsala temple.

This record dated in the 2nd year of Srivallabha may be attributed to Jatavarman Srivallabha. It registers a gift of sheep by Srivallabhan-Raman of Mulli-nadu for burning a lamp in the temple of god Emberuman who was pleased to be stationed at Bhaktapriyam.

No. 200.(A. R. No. 507 of 1907.)

Madurai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On the Thirteenth stone in the Madanagopalasvamin temple.

This short inscription is engraved on a slab in the Madanagopalasvamin temple at Madurai and is dated in the 3rd year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Srivallabha and may be assigned to the Jatavarman of this name. His queen Ulagamulududaiyal endowed some land for the maintenance of a matha. Apparently this slab was brought from some Siva temple and is now found in the compound of the Vishnu temple.

MEDIAEVAL PANDYAS

(JATAVARMAN SRIVALLABHA.)

No. 201.(A. R. No. 19 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the north wall of the prakara in the Svayamprakasesvara temple.

This epigraph dated in the 3rd year of the king who is simply called Srivallabhawithout any distinguishing epithet, has, on paleographical grounds, to be attributed to the Jatavarman of that name. It registers a gift of one ma of land made by a certain Tiruchchirrambalamudaiyan Niraitavanjeydal for a lamp to be burnt in the temple of Tiruttandoariyandar.

No. 202.(A. R. No. 394 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine in the Somanatha temple.

This record dated in the 3rd year of Srivaladeva, i.e, Srivallabhadeva, has to be attributed to Jatavarman Srivallabha. It registers a gift of money by Puvandi, the wife of Appippuvan, a vellala Anguttanallur in Kalattirukkai-nadu for a lamp in the temple of Somanathadeva at Arrur.

No. 203.(A. R. No. 345 of 1930-31.)

Veppilaippatti, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.Round a pillar in the Gangaiamman temple.

This inscription is dated in the 3rd year of Srivallabhadeva and states that this pillar was put to mark the site of the bund (anaikuri) of the tank (uruni) of Irunjonadu by Araiyan Madhurantakan alias Karunilakkudi-nadalvan.

No. 204.(A. R. No. 27 of 1909.)

Kunnakkudi, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On a pillar on the rock-cut cave on the hill.

This record dated in the 4th year of Jatavarman Srivallabhadeva is much damaged at the end. Its contents cannot, therefore, be correctly ascertained. It appears to register a gift made by Vellanai-Vitankan Avaiyanjan, the chief of Adalaiyur in Keralasinga-valanadu, of certain taxes due from Merkannamangalam in favour of the temple of Srimulasthanam-udiya-Nayanar on the hill called Tirumalai in Adaliyur-nadu.

No. 205.(A. R. No. 493 of 1909.)

Solapuram, Kovilpatti Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the east wall of the mandapa in the venkatachalapati-Perumal temple.

This record of Jatavarman Srivallabha which is dated in the 4th regnal year is of interest as mentioning a pillaiyar or prince named Sundara-Pandyadeva, who laws camping at Arukai Kunrattur in Anma-nadu at the time of issuing this inscription. It is stated that on the representation made by the sabha of Sundarapandya-chaturvedimangalam, a devadana-brahmadeya village of god Sundarapandya-vinnagar-Alvar in the same nadu the prince made a gift of land to the temple.

This Sundara-Pandya who is described as a ‘Pillaiyar’ was apparently the son of Srivallabha, but he does not appear to have succeeded to the Pandya throne.

No. 206.(A. R. No. 6 of 1929.)

Dalapatisamudram, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the shrine in the Tirunagesvara temple.

This inscription dated in the 4th year of the king is engraved in slightly later script. The lateness of the script may be accounted for by supposing that the earlier records were re-copied later at the time of some renovation. The king is stated to have been seated on

the pallikkattil called Pandyarajan in the Alagiya-Pandyan hall in the palace at Madurai when, on the petition of a certain Ayyar of Anabharanamangalam, he made tax-free some lands belonging to the temples of Varaguna-Isvaramadaiyar, Tirunagesvaramudaiyar and Puravuvarisvaramudaiyar and Puravuvarisvaramudiayar, at Perumbalanji Nattarruppokku.

No. 207.(A. R. No. 226 of 1932-33.)

Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the central shrine, Tiruvaludisvara temple.

This record of Jatavaran Srivallabha is dated in his 4th year; but as it is damaged after the sixth line its purport cannot be made out. Perungulam had the other name of Uttamapandyanallur.

No. 208.(A. R. No. 30 of 1909.)

Kunnakkudi, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the rock left of Entrance into the first cave temple.

This inscription dated in the 4th year of Jatavarman Srivallabha, seems to register the gift of land made tax-free in Kilkkannamngalam by Adalaiyur-nattalvan Mummudisolan Virasekharan.

No. 209.(A. R. No. 641 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the east wall of the Dakshinamurti shrine in the Ammainatha temple.

Dated in the 5th year of Srivallabha who has the simple title of Tribhuvanachakravartigal only this record registers a gift of sheep by Setuvudaiyal, wife of Kuppai-Nambi, a brahmana of Seravanmahadevi-chaturvedimangalam for burning a lamp in the temple of Srikayilasamudaiya-Mahadeva in the village. These sheep to have been purchased for 90 diramam.

No. 210.(A. R. No. 644 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk Tirunelveli District.At the right entrance into the first prakara of the Ammainatha temple.

This record of the 5th year of the king registers a gift of sheep by Sendan Siddan for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Kailasamudaiyar at Seravanmahadevi-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu.

No. 211.(A. R. No. 456 of 1906.)

Anaimalai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.On a stone built into the floor of the platform in the shrine of the goddess in the

cave-temple.

This is a fragmentary inscription, the beginning and end being lost. The 6th regnal year of a Srivallabhadeva is mentioned in line 2. A gift of land in the village Durgabhagavatinallur made probably by Kandadai Kalamegha-Bhatta of the Apastamba-sutra seems to have

been recorded originally. Palaeographically the record may be assigned to the 12th century.

No. 212.(A. R. No. 536 of 1911.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the wall of the Bhaktavatsala temple.

This record is damaged in the middle. It is dated in the 6th year of Srivallabhadeva, and can paleographically be attributed to the king of that name who flourished in the 12th century A.D. A gift of six anai-achchu is registered but the name of the donor is lost.

No. 213.(A. R. No. 43 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south wall of the second prakara in the Svayamprakasa temple.

This record which begins with the characteristic historical introduction is in the 6th year of the king’s reign, and, and registers a gift of land by Tillainayakan Tarunendusekharan of Ariya a merchant living at Aruviyur alias Nanndesipperunderuvu in Keralasinga-valanadu, for the expenses of offerings, etc., in the temple of Abhimuktisvaram-Udaiyar at Nripasekhara-chaturvedimangalam. The land was called Tillainayaka-vaykkal in the name of the donor.

Aruviyur, which is called Nandesipperunderuvu has the other name of Desiuyyavandapattanam in another record from the same temple. It must have been a merchant colony of some importance in those days.

No. 214.(A. R. No. 410 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west and south walls of the central shrine in the Somanathan temple.

This record begins with the introduction commencing with Tirumagal Jayamagal, etc., and is dated in the 6th year of Jatavarman Srivallabhadeva. It appears to relate to some assignment of the taxes on the lands at Tiruchchirrambala-nallur in Korkainadu for providing worship in the temple of Somanathadeva at Arrur in Kuda-nadu.

No. 215.(A. R. No. 321 of 1908.)

Kuruvitturai, Nilakkottai Taluk, Madurai District.On the north wall of the shrine in the Chitrarathavallabha-Perumal temple.

This inscription is dated in the 7th year of Srivallabha. Tiruvarangan-Perratiru, wife of Appan-Isvaran, made a gift of gold for providing offerings to the god Uyyakkondalvar set up by her in the temple of Paramasvamin who was pleased to stand in Tiruchchakkara-tirtham in Paganur-kurram.

No. 216.(A. R. No. 309 of 1918.)

Marandai, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the central shrine, Kailasanatha temple.

This inscription of the 7th year of Srivallabhadeva states that the stone temple of god Srikayilasamudaiyar at Maran-Tayanallur alias Vikramapandyapuram in Mulli-nadu was erected by a certain Mani Bahuvayan alias Alagiya-So…………..yan.

No. 217.(A.R. No. 38 of 1909.)

Kunnakkudi, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south pillar in the rock-cut cave.

This record dated in the [8]th year of the king registers a gift of 1 ma of land by Ghatti-arasan of Tirukkunrakkudi in Tenarruppokku for a flower garden to the god Tenarru-Nayakar and another piece of land to god Pillaiyar, presumably in the same temple.

No. 218.(A. R. No. 66 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the belt of the verandah in the first prakara, Svayamprakasa temple.

This record dated in the 8th year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Srivallabhadeva has to be assigned to this king Jatavarman Srivallabha. It registers that Danadan Pagaivenra-kandan alias Tuvarapativelan made a gift of land by name Anjadakanda-Navalkulam by purchase, for the kitchen expenses of the temple at Tiruttandonrisvaram-Udaiyar at Nripasekhara-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Keralasinga-valanadu.

No. 219.(A.R. No. 31 of 1909.)

Kunnakkudi, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the verandah of the north wall of the rock-cut cave.

This record, which is dated in the 19th year of Srivallabhadeva, may be assigned to this king. It registers a gift of land by Nattan Adavi of Tirukkunrakkudi in penatruppokku in Keralasinga-valanadu for burning a lamp in the temple of Tirumalai-udaiya Nayanar, apparently the god in the rock-cut temple.

No. 220.(A. R. No. 326 of 1916.)

Tiruvalisvaram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Valisvara temple.

This mutilated epigraph belongs to the same king and contains the regnal year 9. It mentions a previous donation of Sundara-Pandyadeva, and registers a grant of 2 makkani of land for providing sandal paste and camphor to god Tiruvalisvaram-Udaiyar. A merchant of Rajraja-Erivirapattanam is also referred to as agreeing to supply these articles to the temple.

No. 221.(A. R. No. 499 of 1909.)

Solapuram, Kovilpatti Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the east wall of the Venkatachalapati temple.

This record of the king, which is dated in the 9th year, furnishes a few incomplete astronomical details. It is much damaged and seems to mention that the king was seated on the seat Pandiyarajan in the hall called Alagiya-Pandiyan-kudam in the palace at

Madurai. On this occasion his officer Kalingarajan represented that certain lands in the devanda of Tiruchchakkarattalvar may be given as karanmai to Sri-Harushan-Narayana-Bhatta-Vajapeyayajin of Kiranur living in Solantaka-chaturvedimangalam. The king thereupon did as required and fixed the taxes payable by him. Among the boundaries of the land a stone-dam called Parakrama-Pandiyankallanai, Vira-Pandiyan-kal, and Srivallabhapperaru are mentioned and Parakrama-Pandya and a Vira-Pandya were Srivallabha’s predecessors.

This royal order issued in the name of Konerinmaikondan and relating to the same transaction, is engraved in continuation of the above record.

No. 224.(A. R. No. 325 of 1908.)

Kuruvitturai, Nilakkottai Taluk, Madurai District.On the south wall of the Chitrarathavallabha-perumal temple.

This record does not contain the name of the king but purports to have been issued by the god himself, who is called Sarngin of Chakratirtham ; but it may be attributed to the time of Jatavarman Srivallabha because a new channel with the name of Sri-Vallabhapperaru is mentioned as having been dug to irrigate some lands. Further, the donee Sri-Harushan-Narayana-Bhatta-Vijapeyayaji of Kranur mentioned here figures in another record of this king (No. 223 above) with which this has to be connected.

No. 225.(A. R. No. 119 of 1910.)

Rajasingamangalam, Tiruvadanai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the north, west and south walls of the Kailsanathasvamin temple.

This record comprising of several fragments with intervening portions is dated in the 10th year of the king and relates to the remission of taxes on some lands granted by the king for the expenses of the temple at Rajasingamangalam, a brahmadeya in Varaguna-valanadu, on the representation made by Manabharanan who is styled as ‘nampillai’ in the inscription.

MEDIAEVAL PANDYAS


No. 226.(A. R. No. 21 of 1927.)

Vijayanarayanam, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Rajagopalasvamin temple.

This inscription dated in the 10th year of Srivallabha is incomplete and refers to some transactions made in the 31st year of Kulottunga-Choladeva, ‘who took Kollam’, relating to the temples of Varaguna-Vinnagar-Alvar, Sathagopa-vinnagar Alvar and Sri Raghavachakravartigal.

Vijayanarayana-chaturvedimangalam is stated to be a brahmadeya in Nattarruppokku and a certain Sankaran Vasudevan of Turuttimangalam is said to have been a person of note in the place (vide No. 231).

No. 227.(A. R. No. 18 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the north wall of the second prakara in the Svayamprakasa temple.

Dated in the 10th year of the king, this record of Sirvallabha without any distinguishing attributes, registers the gift of land in a plot called Tokkalivayal by a certain lady Panjan Uyyavandal of Aruviyur for a lamp to be burnt in the temple of Tiruttandonrisvaram-Udaiyar.

No. 228.(A. R. No. 111 of 1908.)

Tiruppattur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the north wall of the mandapa in the Tiruttalisvara temple.

This epigraph dated in the tenth year and 205th day of the king registers remission of taxes amounting to 43 2/20 madai on two hamlets for providing worship to the god Tiruttali-Mahadeva at Tiruppattur a brahmadeya in Keralasinga-valanadu. At the request of Kalingarayan the king is stated to have issued this order while he was seated in the pallikkattil called Pandiyan in the hall Alagiyapandiyan in the inner precincts of the palace at Madurai.

An officer named Parakramapandiya-Uttaramantri figures in the record and so a Parakram-Pandya must have been a predecessor or at least a contemporary of this Srivallabhadeva.

No. 229.(A. R. No. 318 of 1908.)

Kuruvitturai, Nilakkottai Taluk, Madurai District.On the north wall of the Chitrarathavallabha-Perumal temple.

This order was issued when the king was seated in the sat Pandiyarajan in the Alagiyapandiayan hall in the palace at Solantaka-chaturvedimangalam in Paganurkurram and the 11th year quoted in the sixth line of the record was the year in which it was issued. Siddhakutti-Madhavan alias Solamuttaraiyan, the kilan of Mangadu in Mangadu-nadu, a subdivision of Puliyur-kottam, a division of Tondaimandalam had endowed some lands to the temple of Tiruchchakrattalvar in the village in the 2nd year, apparently of this king himself, but as a portion of them was not in the enjoyment of the temple as tax-free devadana the king rectified this defect on a representation made by his officer Kalingarajan. It is stated that the lands had been reconstituted into a new village called Kulasekharamangalam from the 2nd year itself from which it can be inferred that a Pandya king named Kulasekhara flourished at this time. A channel called parakramapandiyapperaru is also mentioned.

No. 230.(A. R. No. 423 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a pillar in the antara of the Somanatha temple.

Dated in the 1[1]th year of Jatavarman Srivallabha this record registers a gift of sheep and a lamp-stand by a brahmana lady named Andamaichchani, the wife of a certain Sarangapani-Tirunilakanthan of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu, a subdivision of Pandi-nadu. The same lady also made a gift of money for feeding itinerant pilgrims who came to the village (apurvigalay vanda). The lamp-stand is stated to have been cast with a figure of a woman holding a lamp.

No. 231.(A. R. No. 27 of 1927.)

Vijayanarayanam, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a stone called Vaniyan kallu near a tank.

This record dated in the 12th year of Jatavarman Srivallabha relates to the breaching of the tank called Manomayaneri at Vijay-narayana-chaturvedimangalam and to its being closed by a certain Nambi Sankaran Vasudevan of Turuttimangalam who was in charge of the village under Iravi Kodaivarman, the ruler of Venadu. This agent is also stated to have made an endowment of land so that from its income the bund of the tank may be repaired and maintained every year. The channel, which was also repaired by him, got the new name of Vasudevapperaru (See No. 226 above)

This record is of interest as it gives the information that the Venadu ruler Ravi kodai was a contemporary of Jatavarman Srivallabha.

No. 232.(A. R. No. 476 of 1929-30.)

Sendamangalam, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the central shrine in the Kailasanatha temple.

This record is dated in the 12th year of Jatavarman Srivallabhadeva, and registers sale of land by the assembly of some village, whose name is lost to the temple of god Kailasamudaiya-Nayanar at Sendamangalam in Arrur, a brahmadeya in Kudanadu. The assembly is stated to have met in a mundapa in the temple of god Tirunarayana-vinnagar-alvar at the same village. Mention is made of Srivallabha-valanadu, a division of Pandi-nadu.

No. 233.(A. R. No. 235 of 1923.)

Tirukkoshtiyur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On a pillar in the mandapa in the nachchiyar shrine in the Saumyanarayana

temple.

This record is dated in the 13th year of Jatavarman Srivallabha whose historical introduction is summarized in the words ‘Sri-meykirttikkumel’ and registers the gift of takes amounting to 100 panam by the nattavar of Solapandya-valanadu, a sub-division of Keralasinga-valanadu, for burning two lamps in the temple of Sokka-narayana at Tirukkottiyur. This amount was agreed to be paid annually from nattuviniyogam along with the nattuvari.

No. 234.(A. R. No. 291 of 1923.)

Tirukkoshitiyur, Truppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the east wall of the storeroom of the Saumyanarayana temple.

This record is dated in the 13th year of Jatavarman Srivallabha and was issued from the throne called Kalingattaraiyan in the Alagiyapandiyan-kudam. From it we learn that the natal star of the king was Chittirai and that the king remitted certain-taxes on Andur alias Nattarmangalam and Purkuli in favour of the temple of Alagiya-manavalalvar in the east of the Periyakoyil at Tirukkosatiyur for the conduct of a nine-day festival in the month of Aippasi, lending with the day of the king’s asterism, Chittirai.

No. 235.(A. R. No. 52 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the north wall of the second prakara in the Svayam rakasa temple.

This inscription dated in the 15th year of the reign of Srivallabha registers a gift of land made by Arasu Madalaikkuttan alias Sivakarunalayan, a merchant of the Manigramam guild of Kodumbalur for providing pittu offering to the god Tiruttandoorisvaram-udaiyar.

The Manigramam guild of Kodumbalur is mentioned in an earlier record of the time of the Chola king Parakesarivarman from Salem. Aruviyur, a village near Sivapuri was a trading center and was called Desi-uyyavanda-pattam. Merchants from different localities must have colonized this settlement.

No. 236.(A. R. No. 324 of 1908.)

Kuruvitiurai, Nilakkottai Taluk, Madurai District.On the west wall of the Chitraratha-vallabha-Perumal temple.

This record of Srivallabha is dated in the 16th year and the 171st day. It is connected with No. 229 of the 11th year of the king registering donations made by Mangadu-kilan, which are referred to here. These lands which had been taken up for cultivation by a certain Sarvakratukkal had to be irrigated by a new channel but as the sabhaiyar of Solantaka-chaturvedimangalam objected to the digging of a new channel, the lands could not be cultivated. On the representation of Kalingarajan, the exchange in respect of one plat of land recorded in No. 229 was cancelled and the lands were exempted from the payment of antarayam taxes for four years.

No. 237.(A. R. No. 439 of 1929-30.)

Attur, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On a pillar in the south verandah of the fist prakara in the somanatha temple.

This record of Jatavarman Srivallabha, which commences with the usual historical introduction, is dated in the 16th year of the king. It is much damaged; but from the legible portions it appears to register some gift of land to a certain Soman who is described as a Santikkuttan or one who enacted Santikkuttus, a variety of dance and stage-play. This kuttu is defined in the commentary on the Sileppadikaram, the early Tamil epic.

No. 238.(A. R. No. 97 of 1908.)

Tiruppattur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south wall of the mandapa in the Tiruttalisvara temple.

This record is dated in the 17th year of the king. It registers a gift of money left with the mulaparishad of the village by a merchant of Aruviyur alias Desi-uyyavandapattanam named Vdugan Uyyavandan of Tanjavur, for a flower garden for the supply of karumugai flowers to the temple of Tiruttaliyanda-Nayanar at Tirupputtur. The flower garden was called Kilaittondiyuran-Uyyavandan.

No. 239.(A. R. No. 231 of 1916.)

Tiruvalisvaram, Ambaamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central shrine in the Tiruvalisvara temple.

This damaged record of the king is dated in his 17th year and registers the exemption on taxes granted on the devadana village named Sivacharanasekharanallur belonging to the temple of Tiruvalisvaram-Udaiyar at Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu. The order was issued by the Senapatigal Rajaraja-Vellappa-Nadalvar and the document is signed by Manabharana-Uttaramantrin. The ingraver bears the name of Parakramapandya-perundachchan.

No. 240.(A. R. No. 474 of 1916.)

Ten Tiruppuvanam, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Pushpavanesvara temple.

This record dated in the 17th year of the king registers a gift of sheep by Kilavan Appan alias Srivallabha-Pandyakkon of Korkai in Kuda-nadu for burning two lamps in the temple of Ten-Tiruppuvanamudaiya-Mahadeva in Mulli-nadu, a sub-division of Pandi-nadu.

No. 241.(A. R. No. 16 of 1927.)

Vijayanarayanam, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central shrine in the Adinathaperumal Temple.

At the time of issuing this record dated in the 17th year and relating to the temple of Varaguna-vinnagar-Alvar at Vijayanarayana-chaturvedimangalam, the king was staying at his camp in that place. The inscription is incomplete. Some gift for worship to god Sathakopa-vinnagar-Alvar is also referred to.

No. 242.(A. R. No. 37 of 1929.)


This inscription dated in the 18th year of the king relates to the gift of one ma of land in Aruviyur as measured by kuditangi by Arumunaigandar which was purchased from the officials of Devar Duvarapativelar, for the expenses of the temple of god Pillaiyar Desinayaka at Aruviyur alias Desi-Uyyavanadapattanam in Keralasinga-valanadu. It is not known why this record was engraved in this temple.

No. 243.(A. R. No. 39 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south Wall of the second prakara in the Svayamprakasa temple.

This record of the 18th year relates to the founding of an agaram called Seyyamangalam with the new name of Ambalattadi-chaturvedimangalam, by Kanda-Sundan alias Duvarapativelan, for the merit of Sundan-Kandan alias Duvarapativelan, who was presumably his father. The lands in the village were divided into twenty shares and granted to 20 brahmanas who colonized therein. A tax of one diramam per ma of cultivated land, and no other tax was ordered to be levied on these colonies. The document was caused to be engraved in the temple by Sundan Pagaivenra-Kandan alias Duvarapativelan.

No. 244.(A. R. No. 532 of 1911.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west wall of the first prakara in the Bhaktavatsala temple.

This record of the 19 + 1st year has to be attributed to Jatavarman Srivallabha though there are no specific indications of this identity. It registers gifts of money by a certain Atkondavilli, Attiyuralvan and Uyyakkondan of Attiyur for burning lamps in the temple of Sribhaktapriyattu-ninraruliya-Paramasvamin at Seravanmadevi-chaturvedimangalam a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu.

No. 245.(A. R. No. 100 of 1905.)

Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the north wall of the Erichchavadaiyar shrine.

This inscription is dated in the 20th year of Jatavarman Srivallabha and registers a gift of land for the expenses of the temple of god Tiruppottudaiya-mahadevar at Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu. The previous tenants of this land were removed and it was renamed as Nalayira-vilagam and made tax free from the day Jupiter enters Kumbha.

No. 246.(A.R. No. 108 of 1908.)

Tiruppattur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanthapuram District.On the north wall of the mandapa in the Tiruttalisvara temple.

This record of the 20th year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Srivallabhadeva registers a gift of 25 cows and a bull by a vellala of Kurralur in Keralasinga-valanadu, for a lamp in the temple of Sritali-Paramesvara at Tirupputtur.

No. 247.(A. R. No. 109 of 1908.)

Tiruppattur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the north wall of the mandapa in the Tiruttalisvara temple.

This record, which is also dated in the 20th year of the king, registers the gift of 25 cows and a bull by the wife of Mahamatra Periyalvan of Budanur in Marugal-nadu, a subdivision of Geyamanikka-valanadu, a district of Sola-manadalam. Swanalikkal is mentioned as the temple measure.

No. 248.(A. R. No. 115 of 1908.)


On the north wall of the kitchen in the Tiruttalisvara temple.

This record is also dated in the 20th year of the same king and states that the kitchen (irumalaippalli) in the temple of Tiruttaliyandar at Tiruppattur, a brahamadeya in Keralasinga-valanadu was constructed by Ulagamulududaiyar, who is called the queen (mudikkil-nambirattiyar)

No. 249.(A. R. No. 38 of 1929.)


This record states that Velan Uyyaniraduvan of Pandangudi in Sura-nadu made a gift of a field called Anjadagadan for the kitchen expenses in the temple of Tiruttandonir-Isvaramudaiyar at Nripasekhara-chaturvedimangalam in the 20th year of the reign of Srivallabhadeva.

No. 250.(A. R. No. 371 of 1929-30.)

Kattarimangalam, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Vira-Pandyesvara temple.

This record which begins with the usual historical introduction is dated in the 19th year and 500th day of Jatavarman Srivallabha, and was issued while he was seated on the throne called Kalingattaraiyan in his palace at Madurai in the Subdivision Madakkulakkil. On the representation of Sundara-Pandya, who is described as ‘nam-pilai’, the lands in the village of Kattanimangalam belonging to the temple of god Manavira-vinnagar-Alvar in Manavira-valanadu were transferred as tax-free devadana for the expenses of worship, etc., in the temple of Virapandyesvaram-Udaiyar of the village.

MEDIAEVAL PANDYAS


No. 251.(A. R. No. 138 of 1910.)

Tenkarai, Periyakulam Taluk, Madurai District.On a stone set up in the courtyard of the Mulasthanesvara temple.

This record of Jatavarman Srivallabha is dated in the 20 + 1st year of his reign. It mentions the merchant-guild of Ayyapolil and appears to record certain rules framed by them in regard to the social classes Valangai and Idangai. As it is much damaged its full purport cannot be made out.

No. 252.(A. R. No. 93 of 1908.)

Tiruppattur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the east wall of the mandapa in the Tiruttalisvara temple.

This inscription belongs to the 21st year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Srivallabhadeva, and registers a gift of 50 sheep by Rajendrasolan Keralan alias [Nishadarajan for burning a lamp in the temple of Sritali-Paramesvara at Tirupputtur. Nishadarajan as evidently

identical with Nishadarajan, who has figured in another record (A. R. No. 42 of 1929) of this king and in another of Kulottunga-chola I (A. R. No. 94 of 1908), after whose name he had apparently copied his surname Rajenderasolan.

No. 253.(A. R. No. 41 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south wall of the second prakara of the Svayamprakasa temple.

This record of the 21st year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Srivallabha registers a gift of land by Tiruchchirramablam-udiayan Tiruvenkadattalvan of Marudur, a merchant of Aruviyur alias Desi-uyyavanda-pattanam for the kitchen expenses of the temple of Tiruttandonri-udaiyar at Nripasekhara-chaturvedimangalam. The land had been purchased from a certain Maran Koran.

No. 254.(A. R. No. 322 of 1908.)

Kuruvitturai, Nilakkottai Taluk, Madurai District.On the north wall of the Chitraratha-vallabha-Perumal temple.

This record of Jatavarman Srivallabha dated on the 200th day of the 22nd year of his reign purports to have been issued while the king was seated on the pallikkattil called Pandiyerayan in the theatre (natakasalai) with the palace at Madurai. It registers the remission of taxes granted by him in 5 veli of land, for worship, etc., to god Tiruchchakkarattalvar at Solanataka-chaturvedimangalam in Paganur-kurram.

The royal order issued under the name of Konerimaikondan is engraved in continuation of this document and both the records are signed by Parakramapandya-Uttaramantri.

No. 255.(A. R. No. 319 and 320 of 1908.)

Kuruvitturai, Nilakkottai Taluk, Madurai District.On the north wall of the Chitrarathavallabha-Perumal temple.

These two complementary inscriptions are dated in the 22nd year of an unspecified king who laws evidently Jatavarman Srivallabha. One of them is an order (olai) issued by Kalingarajan to the Srivaishnavas of the temple intimating the fact that the lands mentioned in No. 254 above belonging to the Chakrattalvar temple were made tax-free, and the second gives publicity to this exemption granted on these lands.

No. 256.(A. R. No. 709 of 1916.)

Sermadevi, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the Ramasvamin temple.

This is an incomplete inscription of the 22 + 1st year of the king and it stops after the mentioning the name of the village.

No. 257.(A. R. No. 555 of 1922.)

Tiruttangal, Sattur taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the east wall of the mandapa in the Ninranarayana-Perumal temple.

This record of Srivallabha dated in the year opposite to the 22nd year of his reign contains the date 22nd year and [5]40th day at the end. The king while seated on the throne named Kalingattaraiyan in his palace at Madurai issued this order to the mulaparishad of Tiruttangal to the effect that this village which had originally been a devadna-brahmadeya of Karunilakkudi-nadu and had subsequently been made tax-paying was to be restored to its original classification from the 23rd year of the king’s reign. The income accruing from the taxes was to be utilized for the expenses in the temple of god Paramasvamin who was pleased to be stationed on the Tirumalai at the place. The order is signed by Araiyan Soman alias Minavadaraiyan of Koluvanur in the eastern portion of the Milalai-kurram.

No. 258.(A. R. No. 574 of 1922.)

Tiruttangal, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On left side of the entrance into the Sengamala-

Nachchiyar shrine in the Ninranarayana-Perumal temple.

This is an incomplete inscription dated in the 23rd year of the king. It mentions the mulaprishad of Tiruttangal, a devadana-brahmadeya in Karunilakkudi-nadu a subdivision of Madurodaya-valanadu, a district in Pandi-nadu.

No. 259.(A. R. No. 56 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the east wall of the second prakara of the Svayamprakasa temple.

This record dated in the 24th year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Srivallabha registers a gift of land and a house-site for the maintenance of a matha at Sivapuri called the Alagiya-manavalan by Alagiya-manavalan Udiyanambi alias A agaiman of Tirunallur, a merchant of Aruviyur alias Desi-uyyavanda-pattanam in Keralasinga-valanadu. The land was purchased from Setti-Jatavedan. The land-measure in use at this time was arulnidi-kol.

Among the boundaries of the land are mentioned the names Mudigonda-Solappereri and Solapandiya-vadi.

No. 260.(A. R. No. 42 of 1929.)


Dated in the 25th year of the king, this inscription registers a gift of land by the chieftain Rajendrasolan Keralan alias Devar Nishadarajan alias Alalasundarapperumal for the expenses of the temple of Tiruttandonrisvaram-Udaiyar. At the end of the record the donor’s name is also specified as Tappilavachakan. In a record of Parakrama-Pandya (A. R. No. 94 of 1908) dated in his 11th year, this chieftain is mentioned as Rajendrasolan Keralan alias Nishadarajan of Ponnamarapati in Puramalai-nadu Parakraman should have preceded Srivallabha or should have been a near contemporary (No. 252 above).

No. 261.(A. R. No. 49 of 1929.)

Sivapuri, Tiruppattur Tauk, Ramanathapuram District.On the south wall of the Svayamprakasa temple.

This inscription is dated in the year opposite to the 26th year of the reign of Srivallabha. It is incomplete and appears to register gift of money by a brahmana lady of Sivapuri which was invested on the purchase of some land named Sikhandivasakkal, for providing worship to god Tiruttandorisvaram-Udaiyar at Nripasekhara-chaturvedimangalam.

No. 262.(A. R. No. 619 of 1926.)

Vikkiramangalam, Tirumangalam Taluk, Madurai District.On the two doorjambs of a ruined shrine near the Marudappar temple.

At the request of Kallingarajna, the lands in Sekkali were reconstituted into a new village called Srivallavanallur and given as tax-free devadana to the temple of Madurodaya-Isvaram-Udaiyar at Vikkiramasolapuram. The king Srivallabha was seated in his palace at Madurai, while issuing this record, the date of which is not specified.

No. 263.(A. R. No. 592 of 1915.)

Tirumalaipuram, Sankaranayinarkoyil Tauk, Tirunelveli District.On a pillar in the rock-cut cave.

This damaged inscription of Tirbhuvanachakravartin Srivallabha states that the king was seated on the Pandiyarajan in the Alagiyapandiyan hall in the palace to the north of Solantaka-chaturvedimangalam in Paganur-kuram and issued the order to the sabhaiyar of Viranarayanamangalam in Tugavur-kurram and of some other village in regard to a new colony founded by him, the name of which is obliterated.

No. 264.(A. R. No. 7 of 1929.)

Dalapatisamudram, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the base of the verandah in the Tirunagesvara temple.

This record belongs to the reign of Jatavarman Srivallabha though it is not specifically dated in any regnal year. The king is stated to have been seated on the bed-stead (pallikkattil) called Kalingattaraiyan in the bed-chamber (palliyaraikkudam) in the northern wing of the palace at Rajendrasolapuram in the subdivision Rajasingan-kulakkil, in Madurodaya-valanadu while issuing this record. It registers a tax-free gift of land for worship to the god Tirumayiladuparai-udaiya-Mahadeva at Parakrama-Pandya-chaturvedimangalam in Nattarruppokku, and the boundaries of the land were marked out by the king’s officers.

The name Parakrama-Pandya-Chaturvedimangalam indicates that a king named Parakrama-Pandya lived about this time; this is also inferable from some other records noticed above.

No. 265.(A. R. No. 477 of 1929-30.)

Sendamangalam, Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the south wall of the central shrine in the Kailasanatha temple.

This record of Jatavarman Srivallabha is damaged and so its date is lost. It appears to relate to some sale of land and mentions Parantaka-valanadu, a division apparently of Pandimandalam.

No. 266.(A. R. No. 31 of 1909.)

Kunnakkudi, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.On the north wall of the first cave.

This inscription of Srivallabha dated in the 4th year records the gift of land for a lamp by Adavi of Tirukkunrakkudi to god Tirumalaiyudaiya-nayanar.

No. 267.(A. R. No. 393 of 1917.)

Kilappavur, Tenkasi Taluk, Tirunelveli District.On the west and south walls of the central shrine in the Tiruvalisvara Temple.

This inscription commences with the prasasti of Tirumadandaiyum Jayamadandaiyum, etc., of Jatavarman Srivallabha and records the gift of land made tax free in Pattamangalam separated from Kurunganam alias Telingakulakala-chaturvedimangalam to the god of the temple of Tirukkapalisvaram in Pagur alias Kshatriyasikhamani-nallur in Kurumarai-nadu. The king whose name and regnal year are lost is stated to have issued the order from the throne called Kalingattaraiyan his palace at Madurai. The 55th day is however mentioned in the body. The gift land is stated to have been renamed as Sundarapandiyan-vilagam.

PPENDIX

No. 1

(A. R. No. 26 of 1930-31.)


On the west wall of the Tirukkotisvara temple.

This record in Tamil is, dated in the 5th regnal year of Maranjadaiyan and states that the assembly of Mahendrakottur including Kanjanur agreed to supply 15 kalam of paddy per year measured by ennalikkal and to arrange for the daily food offerings to god Mahadeva at Tirukkodika, in lieu of 12 kalanju of gold received by them from Paraminakkan of Karanur in Pervur-nadu.

No. 2

(A. R. No. 29 of 1930-31.)


On the south wall of the Tirukkotisvara temple.

This epigraph, dated in the eleventh year of Maranjadaiyan records a gift of 30 kalanju of gold for a lamp in the temple.

It is stated that the original stray stone on which this inscription was engraved, became useless and that this is a copy of the old record (Vide No. 36 of 1930-31)

Manabharana

No. 191 (Page No. 213)

(A. R. No. 117 of 1937-38)

V Prakara, west wall.

Commence with the parsati , Samasta-bhuvana-vikhyata, etc., and seems to describe Manabharanadeva, a Pandya king with the epithets Somakula-tilaka, Paramabhattaraka, Cholakulantaka etc., Seems to record a gift of land made to the temple of Ranganatha by Kittidevan and Pattamahadevi for providing two garlands (vanamalai) to the deity. The record which is badly damaged is engraved in characters of about the 12th century A.D.

Published in Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXVIII, pp. 225 ff.

Maravarman sundara-pandya I

No. 192 (Page No. 214)

(A. R. No. 53 of 1892 )

East wall of the second prakara.

Records that when the temple managers colluded with the Ottar in misappropriating the temple funds a large assembly comprising of all the administrative bodies met at the West Triruvidi of Rajamahendran Tiruvidi and resolved that the executive functions in the administration of the temple must be entrusted to individuals carefully selected, excluding the defaulters responsible for the misappropriation of temple funds, by rotation. Each individual or body may perform the function for one year. The individual must be selected on the occasion of Sripushpayagam. The record is dated in the 9thregnal year of Maravarman Tribhuvanachakravartin Sundara Pandya ‘who gave back Sonadu’ and quotes the details Mesha, ba 3, Friday, Visakha, which regularly correspond to 1225 A.D., March 28, Friday, 88, 41.

(Published in S.I.I., Vol. IV, No. 500.)

MARAVARMAN SUNDARA-PANDYA II

No. 193 (Page No. 215)

(A. R. No. 77 of 1951 -52 )

IV Prakara, south wall, right of entrance, west end.

Registers the ulvari issued by the king at the instance of Aiyyan Malavarayan for the tax-free village Kumaranambinallur newly formed and granted to the temple Navayan Kondanambi of Kulamukku, a horse-dealer (kudiraichchetti) of Malaimandalam, for worship and offerings. Mentions Irattakulakalapuram from which a portion of the land was separated to from the new village.

Aiyyan Malavarayan at whose instance the lands in question were exempted from tax and Araiyan Viratamudittan alias Pallavarayan of Chakrapaninallur in Sevvirukkai-nadu are well-known to be high officers who served under Maravarman Sundarapandya II (A.D. 1232-49) (S.I.I., Vol. V, No. 448) and there fore this inscription which is dated in the third year opposite to the eleventh (A.D. 1245-46) may be assigned to him.

JATAVARMAN SUNDARA-PANDYA I

No. 194 (Page No. 217)

(A. R. No. 45 of 1891 )

North wall of the second prakara

Records the victory of Sundara-Pandya over Hoysala Somesvara and the conquest of Srirangam and refers to the gifts made to the temple there.

(Published in Ep. Ind., Vol. III, pp. 7 ff.)

No. 195 (Page No. 219)

(A. R. No. 60 of 1892 )

East faces of the four pillars of the Chandana Mandapa in front of the central shrine.

Records, in Sanskrit verse written in Grantha characters, the various gifts to the deity and the gilding of several parts of the temple from out of the gold of the second Tulabhara ceremony performed by the kingSundara Pandya and alludes to his victories over Simhana and Rama of the Hoysala dynasty, the cheras and the Cholas. The king may be identified with Jatavarman sundara-Pandya I who bore the epithetPommeynda-Perumal or Hemachchadanaraja.

No. 196 (Page No. 220)

(A. R. No. 99 of 1936 -37)

Slab set up in the Manavala-Matha in the south a Uttira-street.

States that the Sundarapandya-matha was built for welfare of Perumal Sundara-Pandya by Varantaruvan Eduttakkaialagiyan alias Pallavarayar of Tunjalur in Nadivur-kurram, a sub-division of Tirumilalaikurra-nadu, for the use of the Tridandi-sanyasis. King Sundara-Pandya may be identified with Jatavarman Sundara-Pandya I of accession A.D. 1251 who bore the distinguishing epithet Perumal [1]

No. 197 (Page No. 221)

(A. R. No. 81 of 1938 -39)

South wall of Chandana-Candapa

States that Sunadara-Pandya defeated the Kerala and Hoysala kings and made his younger brother Vira-Pandya, the lord of Konkana-rajya. Refers also to the king’s having performed the Tulabhara of gold and gilded the vimana of the temple. The inscription is in Sanskrit verse written in Grantha characters. The last verse of the record refers to the king as the elder brother of Kulasekhara (vide, A. R. Ep., 1914, Part II, para. 19). Mentions Partha- sarathi alias Koyil-Ponmeynda-Perumal-dasan. (See No. 199 below).

No. 198 (Page No. 221)

(A. R. No. 82 of 1938 -39)

South wall of the chandana-mandapa, right of garuda-sannidhi.

Seems to contain Sanskrit and Tamil verses in praise of a king, evidently Jatavarman Sundara-Pandya, who defeated the Chola and Kshema. Engraved in Grantha and Tamil characters of the 13th century A.D.

No. 199 (Page No. 222)

(A. R. No. 83 of 1938 -39)

Same wall, below no.198

Much damaged. Seems to contain a verse in praise of king Minavan (evidently Jatavarman Sundara-Pandya). A section of the record however mentions the name Ponmeynda-Perumal-dasan aliasParthasarathi (See No. 197 above ). Engraved in characters of 13th century A.D.

No. 200 (Page No. 222)

(A. R. No. 43 of 1948 -49 )

Same wall, by the side of no.44.

Much damaged. Seems to record a provision made for conducting certain festivals in the Perumaldevan-tirumandapam to god Lakskhmi-Varaha-nayanar and the goddess Nachchiyar instituted by Kulasekhara-Kalingarayar of Aricharanalaya-nallur. The record is dated in the 8th year of Jatavarman who bears the epithet Emmandala [munkondaruliya]. The king may be identified with Jatavarman Sundara-Pandya I.

No. 201 (Page No. 223)

(A. R. No. 338 of 1952 -53 )

Pavitra-mandapam, inner wall, right of the Aryabhattal-Vasal.

Damaged and built in. Seems to record the assignment of a number of plots of land by Perumburakkadal-Bhattan of Rajakesari-chaturvedimangalam during his last days, evidently as provision for worship of Alagiyamanavalap perumal. Among the places mentioned in describing the boundaries of the plots are Bhuvanamulududaiya-nallur, Ulagamadevi-nallur, Neriyudaiya perumal-nallur, Navudaipperumal-vaykkal, Chandadanda-vadi, Aditya-vadi, Vanji-vali, etc.

The inscription is dated in the 8th year of reign of Jatavarman Tribhuvanachakravartin Sundara-Pandya and the details viz., Mina. Su. 15, Wednesday, Hasta corresponding to A.D. 1258, March 20, Wedneday, f.d.t. 7, 89.

No. 202 (Page No. 226)

(A. R. No. 84 of 1938 -39 )

South wall of the chandana-mandapa.

Records the order of Perumal Sundara-Pandya issued to Vanadaraya that the management of the temple which was hitherto vested with one group (kottu) of officials should now be extended to members of the other groups and that the Ariyar and ullurar be appointed to guard the treasury (porkaval) of the temple from the month of Avani in the 10th (A.D. 1261) year of the king, who may be identified withJatavarman Sundara Pandya I.

No. 203 (Page No. 226)

(A. R. No. 89 of 1938 -39 )

Same wall.

The inscription commences with the historical introduction Samastajagadadhara etc. and Purports to be an order issued at the request of the king by the god. States that the administration of the temple was hitherto conducted by a body of ten persons belonging to the Kovanavar kottu. (King) Sundara-Pandya is said to have defined the activities of the temple, made gifts as adukkalaippuram for maintenance of the kitchen, instituted services, gilded the vimanas like the Sriranga-vimana as also Sundara-Pandiyan-madiland the gopura, made duplicate sets of ornaments for the god, constructed a palanquin (sivigai) and presented several other articles made of gold. A representative committee from all the groups (kottus) was constituted, two from Kovanavar, two from Srirangamaraiyor, one from Todavattut-tumaraiyor, two fromTalaiyiduvar, one from Vasa-ariyar and two from Arattamukki-anukkar for managing these benefactions. The inscription is attested by the Royal Secretary Kunnudaiyan Pallavan Vilupparaiyan of Puduchcheri and is said to have been engraved at the instance of Sriranganarayanadasan Matturkilavan Kurukulattaraiyan, the manager of the temple, the Kovanavar and the Kuduvar.

The record bears the same regnal year as the previous one but is dated a month later.

MARAVARMAN KULASEKHARA I

No. 204 (Page No. 228)

(A. R. No. 7 of 1936-37 )

East wall of the room in the south-west corner of the third prakara.

Registers a gift of land by purchase, by Matitungan Tanininruvenraperumal alias Ariyachakravarti of Chakravartinallur in Sevvirukkai-nadu for supplying garlands to the god on the day of his natal star Tiruvadirai and on certain other specified festival days. The record belonging to Maravarman aliasTribhuvanchakravartin Kulasekharadeva I is dated in the 10th regnal year, Dhanus, su 10. Monday, Asvati, regularly corresponding to A.D. 1277, December 6, 53; 81.

JATAVARMAN SUNDARA-PANDYA (II)

No. 205 (Page No. 229)

(A. R. No. 6 of 1936-37 )

Same wall.

Records a royal order making provision for the maintainance of a perpetual lamp to the god Koyilponmeynda Perumal form the taxes due from the shepherds. The inscription is dated in the 2nd year and the 124th dayof Tribhuvanachakravartin Konerinmaikondan Sundara-Pandyadeva. The record may be assigned to jatavarman Sundara Pandya II who ascended the throne in 1276 A.D. The regnal year quoted for the king in the record viz. 2nd year, is too early for Jatavarman Sundara Pandya I who seems to have acquired the title Pon-meynda-perumal sometime after 1253 A.D., (vide A.R. Ep., 1936-37, Part II, para 39). The date of the record will correspond to A.D. 1278.

No. 206 (Page No. 230)

(A. R. No. 44 of 1948-49)

Third prakara, north wall of the Dorai-mandapa.

Records a gift of tax-free land capable for yielding 2,000 kalam of paddy and a revenue of 163 pon in the village Anbil in Ira[ja*]ra[ja]*-valanadu as madappuram to the Srivaishnavas of the Avanivendraman-matha eastblished after the name of the king, by Devapiran Alagiyaperumal alias Sundara Pandya Kalingarayar of Vilattur in Milalaik-kurram. The gift seems to have been made in the 3rd year of the king Jatavarman Tribhuvanachakravartin Konerinmaikondan. The king is evidently identical with a SundaraPandya who is known to have been called Avanivendaraman and who is also known to have been born on the day of the asterism Uttirattadi (Nos. 299 and 300 of 1943-44). Since Jatavarman Sundarapandya I and III were born in the asterisms Mula and Pushya respectively this king may be identified with Sundara Pandya II who ascended the throne in 1276 A.D.

No. 207 (Page No. 231)

(A. R. No. 53 of 1936-37 )

Same wall.

Registers a grant of house-sites for the bhattas and for the deity apparently Vedanarayana-perumal, free of taxes in the agaram (name not given) formed in the king’s name in Tirunarayanapuram. The record is engraved below No. 220 and is damaged. The king probably is Sundara Pandya, brother of Jatavarman Vira-Pandya (Vide Nos. 219 and 220 below ).

No. 208 (Page No. 231)

(A. R. No. 12 of 1936-37)

North wall of the third prakara (inside), to the west of the Svarga-Vasal-Gopura.

Registers a gift of land by purchase, for rearing a flower-garden for supplying flowers to god Alagiya- manavala-Perumal, by Asuri Sri Lakshmabhatta-Somayali of Kannudai-chaturvedimangalam in Pachchil-kurram, a subdivision of Rajaraja-valanadu, one of the bhattas of the Sripadaseva group of (appointed by ?) Perumal Sundara-Pandyadeva. The record is dated in the Sundara Pandyadeva who may be identified

with Jatavarman Sundara Pandya II, whose 15th year of reign corresponds to A.D. 1290-91.

JATAVARMAN VIRA-PANDYA

No. 209 (Page No. 232)

(A. R. No. 44 of 1936-38)

East wall of the fourth prakara

Records an exchange of land between Malaikkiniyaninran-bhatttan and Gomadattu Narayana-bhattan of Vikramasola-chaturvedimangalam in connection with certain endowment to the colony formed byKalingaraya in the name of Perumal i.e. Jatavarman Tribhuvanachakravartin Vira Pandya in the 10thyear of his reign. A portion of the land so exchanged is said to have belonged formerly to a certain Kandiyadevar. Among the boundaries of the land is mentioned a village by name Tuppanyakkar-agaram. The details of date viz., Kumbha, ba. 13, Wednesday, Uttiradam, correspond to A.D. 1307, February 1; 80; 51, if meant for the regnal year 10, given in 1. no. 7 of the inscription.

No. 210 (Page No. 234)

(A. R. No. 50of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers a sale of land including the land acquired by exchange (vide No.209 ante) by Gomadattu Narayana-Bhattan and his brother Vainateya Bhattan to Araiyan Periya-Perumal alias Kalingarayar of Kattikkuruchchi, for the formation of a colony, (vide No. 211 below). The record bears the same date as the previous inscription (No. 209) viz., 10th year, Kumbha, ba. 13, Wednesday, Uttiradam.

No. 211 (Page No. 236)

(A. R. No. 47 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers the sale deed of the lands purchased by Periyaperumal alias Kalingarayar from Gomadattu –Narayana-Bhattar and his brother (vide Nos 209 and 210) for the formation of the colony Kaliyugarama-chaturvedimangalam named after king. The details of date are the same as in No.210.

No. 212 (Page No. 237)

(A. R. No. 49 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Purports to be order issued by the deity while seated on the throne called the ‘Sundara-Pandya’ under the pearl canopy called ‘Sundara-Pandya’ in the abhisheka-mandapa in the temple on the day of Karttigai festival, in respect of house-sites granted to the 32 bhattas in the newly formed colony the order to take effect form the month of Chittirai in the 10th year of the king.

No. 213 (Page No. 238)

(A. R. No. 42 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Records the ratification of the order of the deity (in the previous record )by the temple authorities assigning the house-sites (vide No.212), pathways, etc., out of lands carved out of Vikramachola-chaturvedimangalam for the formation of Kaliyugarama-chaturvedimangalam by Kalingarayar alias Periyaperumal, stipulating that should an occasion arise for the donees to sell the lands so assigned to them they should confine such transaction among themselves or the Bhagavatas and persons of the same tenets as themselves The bhattas were required to measure out ghee for a lamp as tax on their house sites.

No. 214 (Page No. 239)

(A. R. No. 45 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers the gift of the land referred to in Nos. 212 and 213 above having been made tax-free byValaivisuvan Periyaperumal Kalingarayar of Kattikkurichchi, a hamlet of Parantakanallur in Naduvil-kurram, a subdivision of Milalai-kurram in Pandimandalam, to the bhattas of Kaliyugarama-chaturvedimangalam.

No. 215 (Page No. 239)

(A. R. No. 46 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

States that some lands which had been granted in exchange for a pathway to Kaveri from Manrachcha-nallur, Uppur, Nochchiyam, Attani, Nelkuppai and others and include in the new colony of Kaliyugarama-chaturvedimangalam were made tax-free from the 10th year of the king’s reign.

No. 216 (Page No. 240)

(A. R. No. 48 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Records the sale of land by Gomadattu-Narayana Bhatta and his brother to Kalingarayar who in turn gave it over to the 32 bhatta of the agaram (Kaliyugarama-chaturvedimangalam). The details of date viz. 10thyear, Kumbha ba. 13, Wednesday, Uttiradam are the same as in No. 209. The land is stated to have been sold in order to from part of the pathway to Kaveri.

No. 217 (Page No. 241)

(A. R. No. 43 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers a gift of land by Gomadattu Narayana-bhatta of Vikramasola-chaturvedimangalam to the bhattasof Kalingarayar-agaram, which was separated from the former village. The record is engraved in continuation of No. 213 and is dated in the 12th year, Tula, ba. 10, Wednesday, Magha, corresponding to A.D. 1308, October 9, Wednesday, f.d.t. 07; f.d.n. 19.

No. 218 (Page No. 242)

(A. R. No. 98 of 1936-37)

Four inner jambs of the gopura in the chittirai street

Four labels, one on each jamb reading ‘Kaliyugaraman’ in Grantha characters of the 13th Century A.D. Below each labels is sculptured in relief the figure of a Gandabherunda, with a human body and two birds’ heads facing in opposite directions.

No. 219 (Page No. 242)

(A. R. No. 51 of 1936-37)

East wall of the fourth prakara

Registers gift of tax-free land to the temple of Vedanarayana-Perumal at Tirunarayanapuram in Allkarai-nadu. Mentions SundarPandya-chaturvedimangalam fromed in the name of the king’s elder brother (annalvi).The Tribhuvanachakravartin Konerinmaikondan of this record may be identified with Jatavarman Vira-Pandya of the initial year A.D. 1296-97, in which case annalvi Sundarapandya may be identified with Jatavarman Sundarapandya who ascended the throne in 1276 A.D.

No. 220 (Page No. 243)

(A. R. No. 52 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

The record, also attributable to Jatavarman of the previous inscription connected with and engraved below No. 219 and registers a remission of taxes on lands in Jayangondasola-chaturvedimangalam, for money received by the bhattas of Sundarapandya-chaturvedimangalam, a hamlet of Tirunarayanapuram in Alakarai-nadu.

No. 221 (Page No. 243)

(A. R. No. 149 of 1938-39)

South wall of the chakrattalvar shrine.

Registers the conformations by the king of the tax-free grant of the village Chittiravalli alias Kerala-chaturvedimangalam in Kottaikarai-nadu, made by his father (Ayyan) Kulasekhara, for the expenses of conducting the service called Kulasekhara-sandi instituted in his name in the shrine of Tiruvali-Alvar Quotes the 21st year and 290th day of the kings’s reign. Konerinmaikondanof the record may be identified withJatavarman Vira Pandya, a half-brother of Jatavarman Sundara Pandya II. Ayyan Kulasekhara evidently refers to Maravarman Kulasekhara II.

JATAVARMAN SUNADRA PANDYA III

No. 222 (Page No. 244)

(A. R. No. 40 of 1936-37)

East wall of the fourth prakara.

Records that on the representation made by Kariyamanikka Alvar, the Srikariyam, and the other temple executives, 3645 kuli of temple land were made over towards sites for the formation of a colony named Ravivarma-chaturvedimangalam after Ravivarman alias Venattadigal and for a temple for Ravinarayanap-perumal. The

land for the colony is said to have been purchased for 4,000 panam out of which 1,800 were collected at the rate of 10 panam per kol private building sites and at 5 per kol deserted sites, the rest going towards the cost of the cost of the temple lands. Among the petitioners for the approval of the transaction figures the accountant Kodai Ulkkanakkappillai of Venattadigal. The petition was presented to the lord on the occasion of Chittiral-Vishnu in the 8+1st year of Perumal Sundara Pandyadeva. Since the inscription mentions Kaliyugaraman-tiruvadi among the details of the boundaries of the sites, which must have been evidently named after Kaliyugaraman, a title of Jatavarman Virapandya who ascended the throne in 1296-97 A.D., the king of his record may be identified with Jatavarman Sundarapandya of 1303 A.D., whose 9th regnal year therefore, will correspond to A.D. 1311-12.

No. 223 (Page No. 246)

(A. R. No. 18 of 1936-37)

North wall of the fourth prakara, opposite the mudalalvar shrine

Registers a tax-free gift of 700 ma of land to 208 bhattas colonizing the agaram called Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam, newly founded and named after the king in Tiruvarangam-Tiruppati in Vila-nadu, a sub-division of Pandikulapati-valanadu on the southern –bank, and for offerings and worship of dated in the 10th year and 184th day of Tribhuvanachakravartin Konerinmaikondan who may be identified with Jata- varman Sundar Pandya III who is well-known to have had the title Kodandaraman. The date of the record thus correspond to A.D. 1312.

No. 224 (Page No. 247)

(A. R. No. 360 of 1953-54)

IV Prakara, wall behind achchavayyan shrine, east of the mettalagiyasingar shrine.

Partly covered up by the flooring slabs by the interception walls. Seems to give alist of the shareholders of the gift village Kodandaraman-chaturvedimangalam among whom figure Irayur Sottai Ekayanap-Periyaperumal, Sottai Sellappillai, Kandadai-Bhagavad –Ramanuja-Bhattar, etc. Regarding the formation of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam, see No 223 above.

No. 225 (Page No. 249)

(A. R. No. 29 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers a grant of land to the sabha of Jagadekavira-chaturvedimangalam in exchange for 3 veli of land required for the temple of Kodandarama-perumal in the new colony Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam (vide No. 223). The record is dated in the 11th year and the 170th day of the king, corresponding to A.D. 1313. Sundara Pandya Kalingarayar figurer as one of the signatories in the record.

No. 226 (Page No. 249)

(A. R. No. 19 of 1936-37)

IV Prakara, north wall, opposite to the svarga-vasal.

Registers a tax-free gift of 106 ma of land by the king in Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam to the deity named Kodandarama-perumal after the king, and the bhattas of the colony (vide No 223 ). The record is dated in the 12th year and 102nd of the king’s reign and is engraved in continuation of No. 223. God Kodandadrama-perumal is identical with god Lakshminarayana –perumal of No. 223. Nettur-Udaiyan Kalingarayan figures as a signatory in this and two following numbers. The date of the record will be A.D.1314 in the reign of Sundara-Pandya III.

No. 227 (Page No. 250)

(A. R. No. 20 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers a further gift of 20 ma of tax-free land the king to the same bhattas. This record engraved in continuation of the previous inscription (No.226) is dated in the 12th year and 102nd day of the king.

No. 228 (Page No. 251)

(A. R. No. 21 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers another gift of 34 ½ (veli?) of land by the king in Turaiyur in Mala-nadu alias Rajaraja –valanadu, to the bhattas and the god of the same agaram. Engraved in continuation of No. 227. This is also dated in the 12th year and 102nd day of the king (vide.No.227).

MARAVARMAN KULASEKHARA II

No. 229 (Page No. 252)

(A. R. No. 21 of 1936-37)

North wall of the fourth prakara.

Registers sale of a plot of garden-land to the bhatta of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam by Srivaikunda-dasan of Tirumeyam. The record belongs to the 2nd year of Konerinmaikondan Tribhuvanachakravartin Kulasekharadeva. Since the bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimanglam (vide No. 228 above ) figure in the transaction recorded in this and the following numbers. Kulasekhara of this inscription who was a Maravarman, according to the following inscription must be identified with Maravarman Kulasekhara who ascended the throne in 1314 A.D., and who was therefore a junior contemporary of Jatavaraman Sundara pandya (accession 1302 A.D. ) in whose name the above mentioned village was formed. A comparison of the details of date given in this inscription with the same details occurring in the following inscriptions will show that the expression ‘edir-am-andu’ meaning ‘the year opposite to ‘was inadvertently omitted in this inscription. Hence the details of date given in this and the following numbers (230-34) would correspond toA.D.1316, January 13, Tuesday ; 53; f.d.n. 93.

No. 230 (Page No. 253)

(A. R. No. 23 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Records the sale of garden-land by the official of the Eduttarkai-Alagiya-Nayanar shrine at Tiruvarangam to the bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam founded in the name of Perumal Sundara-Pandyadeva. The inscription is dated in the (2+1st) year of the king’s reign in Makara, ba. 3, Uttiram Tuesday; which details are identical with those of the previous record but for the omission in the former of the ‘opposite’ year quoted.

No. 231 (Page No. 254)

(A. R. No. 25 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Also records a similar transaction by Piraguvali Nittan alias Koyiponmeyndaperumaldasan, a dasanambi of Tiruvarangam, to the bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam.

No. 232 (Page No. 255)

(A. R. No. 26 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Also record the sale of a garden-land by the official of the shrine of the goddess Sriranganayaki to the samebhattas.

No. 233 (Page No. 256)

(A. R. No. 27 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Records the sale of a garden-land to the bhattas by Arulalap-perumal alias Piraguvali Alagiyaperumaldasan, a dasanambi of Tiruvarangam-Tirup-pati.

No. 234 (Page No. 257)

(A. R. No. 28 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers a similar sale of garden-land to the bhattas by Karumanikkalvan alias Anukkavillidasan, adasanambi of Tiruvarngam-Tiruppati. Among the boundaries of the land sold is mentioned the gareden of Kulasekhara Brahmarayar alias Chollappillai, a Sripadamtangum-nambi.

No. 235 (Page No. 258)

(A. R. No. 98 of 1937-38)

West wall of the fourth prakara.

Registers a sale of garden-land to the bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalm by a number of persons. The record belongs to the 2+1st year of Maravarman Tribhuvanachakravartin Kulasekhara and is dated inMesha, ba 7, Thursday, Sadayam. The details of date correspond to A.D. 1316 April 15, Thursday. Since the combination of Sadaiyam with the other details given is impossible, it may be considered to be a mistake for Uttiradam or Sravanam.

No. 236 (Page No. 259)

(A. R. No. 97 of 1937-38)


Registers a sale of land to the bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam by Kuravaiseri Narayana-bhatta Sarvvakratu of Nagalamahadevi-chaturvedimangalam. The record belongs to the 2+1st regnal year of the kind and the details of the date Viz., Mesha, ba. 10, Sundya, Revati, correspond to A.D. 1316, April 18. Here also the combination of the nakshatra Revati with the other details is impossible and therefore it must be taken as a mistake for Purattadi.

No. 237 (Page No. 260)

(A. R. No. 95 of 1937-38)

Same wall.

Registers a sale of land to the bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam by Alikkonrai Devaraya-Bhatta of Nagalamahadevi-chaturvedimangalam an agrahara in Vila-nadu, a sub-division of Pandikulapati-valanadu. The record is dated in the 2+1st year (vide No.230 of the king’s reign) and the details of the date i.e., Mesha, ba. 11 Sunday, Uttirattadi correspond regularly to A.D. 1316, April 18, f.d.t. 09; f.d.n. 83. The king’s name Jatavarman seems to be wrongly quoted for Maravarman.

No. 238 (Page No. 261)

(A. R. No. 98-A of 1937-38)


Records the sale-deed of the lands mentioned in No.235 on the 23rd of Vaikasi in the same year i.e., onMay 17, 1316., a month later than the date quoted in No. 235 above.

No. 239 (Page No. 262)

(A. R. No. 41 of 1936-37)

East wall of the fourth prakara, in continuation of no.222 above.

Records a tax-free gift of lands in Todaiyur, Nattanangudi, Malavanur and several others villages to thebhattas of Ravivarma-chaturvedimangalam and the god Ravinarayana perumal (vide No.222) by the king Tribhuvanachakravartin Konerinmaikondan (vide No. 240 following) while he was camping at Kannanur on the24th day of his 2+1st regnal year. Since the village was formed in the year opposite to the eighth year of Perumal Sundarapandya identified with Jatavarman Sundarapandya III (No. 222 above )the king of this record may be identified with Maravarman Kulasekhara II.

No. 240 (Page No. 263)

(A. R. No. 22 of 1936-37)


Engraved in continuation of No. 228 registers a remission of taxes on certain lands purchased by thebhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam towards temple site, garden and sites for the watchmen. The record is dated the 2+1st year and 213th day of Tribhuvanachakravartin Konerinmaikondan who may be identified with Maravarman Kulasekhara II. Narayana Anantan, a signatory in the record also figures in the record No. 241 below.

No. 241 (Page No. 264)

(A. R. No. 39 of 1936-37)

North wall of the fourth prakara.

Records the assignment of the vrittis to the temple, the Brahmanas and services out of the lands referred to in the previous record. The village Ravivarma-chaturvedimangalam is stated to have been founded in the name of the king described as Tribhuvanachakravartin Konerinmaikondan by whom the record is issued. The date at the end of the record makes it assignable to the reign of Maravarman Kulasekhara II (compare the numbers above). Narayana Anantan, a signatory of this record figures also in No.240 above.

No. 242 (Page No. 265)

(A. R. No. 38 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Records the order (terippu) issued in the 4th regnal year of the king from his camp at Kannanurcommunicating the royal sanction to the remission of taxes on 5 veli of land left out of the 30 veli of which 25 had already been assigned in favour of the bhattas of Ravivarma-chaturvedimangalam (No.241).

No. 243 (Page No. 266)

(A. R. No. 37 of 1936-37)

Same wall.

Registers the assignment of the 5 veli of land referred to in the previous record to the bhattas of theagaram on the same day specified in the previous record.

No. 244 (Page No. 267)

(A. R. No. 36 of 1936-37)

Same wall opposite the chandra-pushkarani.

Records the remittance into the temple treasury by Srivaikundadasan a sum of 2,200 panam, part of which was relished as cost of lands in Jagadekavira-chaturvedimangalam sold to certain bhattas ofRavivarma-chaturvedimangalam, part towards temple services and the rest by way of fines collected from the Ariyar and the Kaikkolas. The amount so remitted was earmarked towards the purchase of a palanquim, an aureole, etc. for the temple.

The record is dated in the 4th year, Adi 10, of Maravarman Tribhuvanachakravartin Kulasekharadevawho may be identical with Kulasekhara II of the previous numbers. The date may correspond to A.D. 1317, July 7.

No. 245 (Page No. 267)

(A. R. No. 101 of 1937-38)


Registers another sale of land to the bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam by Devapperumal-sani, wife of Tiruvengadadasam, a dasanambi of Tiruvarangam. The record is dated in thefourth regnal year and the details quoted of the date viz., simha,

ba. 13, Mondya, Pusam, seem to correspond to A.D. 1317, August 5, Friday (not Mondya );87; f.d.n. 13.

No. 246 (Page No. 269)

(A. R. No. 96 of 1937-38)

Same wall.

Registers a sale of land to the bhattas of Kodandaram-chaturvedimangalam by two brothers Alagapperumal alias Koyilkattaperumal-Nambi and Alvar alias Nalantigal-Narayana Amudanar of Kudavayil. The record is dated in the forth regnal year and the details of date viz., Simha, su. 8, Tuesday, Anusham seem to correspond to A.D. 1317 August 16, Tuesday, 32. But Anusham ended at 75 on the previous day.

No. 247 (Page No. 270)

(A. R. No. 100 of 1937-38)

Same wall.

Registers a similar sale of land to the bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam by Tirupparkadal-dasan alias Tirumalaitandar, a dasanambi of Tiruvarangam. The record belongs to the Fourth regnal yearand quotes the details Tula, su. 14, Thursday, probably corresponding to A.D. 1317, October 20, The star was Asvati.

No. 248 (Page No. 271)

(A. R. No. 99 of 1937-38)

Same wall.

Registers another sale of land by Nalantigal Narayana Amudinar of Kudavayil, to the bhattas of Kodanda-rama-chaturvedimangalam. The record belongs to the 4th year of the king but the details quoted viz.Kumbha, ba. 9, Monday, Uttirattadi are irregular. The combination of Navami and Uttirattadi in Kumbha is impossible.

No. 249 (Page No. 272)

(A. R. No. 115 of 1938-39)

East wall of the third prakara.

This record which purports to have emanated form the deity, registers the gift of 48 house-sites to 48bhattas of Kodandarama-chaturvedimangalam by Ramanujan Udaiyar, Karumanikkalvan, Sriranga-narayanatadan and other officers, in the month of Chittirai, in the 5th year of Kulasekhara. In addition to the house sites, the donees were given 24 dishes of food offerings provided for the services of ponmeydan-sandi named after Sundarapandya of former times and of Kodandaraman-sandi instituted after ‘our’ Sundarapandya as described by the deity. The record adds that the village was formed at the ellaikkarai by Karumanikkalvan of Tiyur in Milalaikkurram. No. 250 below which is connected with this record adds that this village was founded for the good health of Perumal Sundarapandya. The setting of forty-eight bhattas in this village is perhaps an additional arrangement made in the 5th year of the reign of Kulasekhara.

No. 250 (Page No. 273)

(A. R. No. 116 of 1938-39)

Same wall.

Records the assignment of the 48 house-sites referred to in the previous record in Tai in the 5th year of the king’s reign.

No. 251 (Page No. 275)

(A. R. No. 371 of 1953-54)

Kottaram; outer wall facing the Garuda-Mandapa.

Damaged. Seems to record the gift, probably of land, by Pulavan Peruman alias Sundara-pandya Villadha-rayan of Mannikkodu, Uyyavandan. . . . . and Validipanmar alias . . . . . from Malai-mandalam. The details of the gift are lost. The record is dated in the 10th regnal year of the king and the details viz., Makara, ba . . . .mi, Monday, Anilam regularly correspond to A.D.1323, January 3. The tithi was dasami.

No. 252 (Page No. 276)

(A. R. No. 319 of 1952-53)

South wall of the Tirukkuralappan (vamana) shrine.

Records an undertaking by the residents of the tirunamattukkani village Pallikondan-tiruvadikkuraiyur to remit paddy and cash, the former at one nali and a uri Per kalam and the latter at half ma per panam, into the temple treasury for offering to the image of Ranganatha consecrated by Alagiyamanavalap-Perumal at Alvar-Tirunadudaiyapiran-tirumaligai and stipulates confiscation of the property of defaulters in the undertaking. The record is dated on the 6th day of Masi in the 30th year of the king’s reign, which may correspond to A.D. 1344, January 30.

VIRA KULASEKHARA

No.253 (Page No. 276)

(A. R. No. 86 of 1936-37)

Stone in the pavement of the mandapa in front of the tayar shrine.

Fragmentary. Seems to record a gift of land at Appikkudal for offerings to god Eduttakai-Alagiya-Nayanar. The record is dated in the 5th year of Perumal Vira-Kulasekharadeva. It is engraved in characters of about the 15th century. In the absence of others details it is not possible to identify the king.

MISCELLANEOUS

No. 254 (Page No. 277)

(A. R. No. 122 of 1937-38)

On a slab set up in the Vedavyasa- Bhattar -Tirumaligai in the north Chittirai street.

Damaged. Seems to refers to a matha and mentions Sundarapandyadeva. The slab bears the Pandya emblems of a pair of fish with two ankusas and the Vaishnava Chakra, parasol and chauris. In characters of the 13th century A.D.

No. 255 (Page No. 277)

(A. R. No. 359 of 1953-54)

IV Prakara, wall behind Achchavayyan shrine, east of the Mettalagiyasingar shrine.

Partly covered up by the flooring slabs and by the intercepting walls. Seems to record a grant by purchase of some tirunamattukkani land in Jagadekavira-chaturvedimanglam by Mangalur Rudranarayana-bhattan for supply of garlands to god Eduttakai-Alagiya-Nayanar. In characters of about the 12th century.

No. 256 (Page No. 278)

(A. R. No. 325 of 1950-51)

II Prakara, senaimudaliyar shrine, proper right of entrance.

Damaged. Seems to record some additions made to the manadapa by Tunjalur-udaiyan Araiyan . . . . . . alias Gangeyarayan. In characters of about the 13th century A.D.

No. 257 (Page No. 278)

(A. R. No. 51 of 1938-39)

II Prakara, south wall.

No date.

Purport to be an order issued by god Ranganatha directing a council of 23 members of whom ten are to be selected from out of the kottu of the temple, four from the sanyasins and desantris, five representing the 18 mandalas and four representing the Chera, Chola, Pandya kings and the Kshatriyas of the north, to appoint a sanyasin versed in the Vaishnava lore and with the interest of the temple at heart and belonging to either Pangayachchelviyur alias Vellarai or Parantaka-chaturvedimangalam alias Salagramam or the Nalayiravar-Brahmadeyam in Pandi-mandalam, to took after the properties of the temples situated in several places, with provision made for his maintenance Mentions the appointment of armed Velaikkaras to help thesanyasin in discharging his duties. In characters of the 13th century A.D.

[1] A.R.E.p., 1936-37, part II, para 39.

Pandyas

Maranjadaiyan Sadaiyamaran

Srivallabha Maravarman Srivallabhadeva

MaravarmanSundarapandya I

Jatavarman Sundarapandya I

Jatavarman Sundarapandya IIJatavarman Sundarapandya

Jatavarman Parakramapandya

Maravarman Kulasekhara I

Jatavarman Parakramapandya (Unidentified)

Maravarman Virapandya Maravarman Vikramapandya II

Maranjadaiyan

No. 340.(A. R. No. 311 of 1904).

Tirugokarnam, near Pudukkottai, Tiruchirappalli District.On the south wall of the rock-cut central shrine in the Gokarnesvara temple.

Maranjadaiyan. Year 17.

Published in S.I.I., Vol. XIX, No. 25.

No. 342.(A. R. No. 313 of 1904).

Kudumiyamalai, Kulattur Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.On the east face of the north pillar of the rock-cut

shrine in the Melaikoyil temple. Maranjadaiyan. Year 23.

Published in S.I.I., Vol. XIV, No. 30.

No. 443.(A. R. No. 413 of 1904).

Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District. On the last pillar in the upper rock-cut cave. Maranjadaiyan. Year 4.

Published in S.I.I., XIV., No. 11.

No. 444.(A. R. No. 414 of 1904).

Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.On the east wall right of the entrance into the upper rock-cut shrine.

Maranjadaiyan. Year 4, 2501st day.

Published in A.D.I., A.R., 1903 – 04, p. 270 ff. and also S.I.I., XIV, No. 10.

Sadaiyamaran

No. 352.(A. R. No. 323 of 1904).

Kudumiyamalai, Kulattur Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.On the east face of the south pillar in the rock-cut shrine in the Melaikoyil

temple.Sadaiyamaran. Year 2 + 1 + 1


Srivallabha

No. 398.(A. R. No. 368 of 1904).

Sittannavasal, Pudukkottai Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.On the rock, south of the rock-cut Jaina temple. Srivallabha.


Maravarman Srivallabhadeva

No. 584.(A. R. No. 539 of 1904).

Tiruvaur, Nagapattinam Taluk, Tanjore DistrictOn the east wall of the first prakara in the Tyagarajasvamin temple, right of

entrance.Maravarman Srivalla[bha*]deva. Year 35 : 1342 A.D.

Palaeographically the inscription may be assigned to the 14th century and the details of date given viz., Year 35, Simha su. 5, Wednesday, Chittirai regularly correspond to 1342 A.D., August 7, ’44 ; ’30.

This seems to record a gift of land by purchase, after making it tax free, for the recitation of Vedic hymns (adhyayana) once daily in the temple, by Tolan Irajaraja Akalanka-nada[lvan] of Tiruttondisvaram in Panaiyur-nadu in Kulottungasola-valanadu.

Maravarman Sundarapandya I

No. 391.(A. R. No. 361 of 1904).

Narttamalai, Pudukkottai Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.On the rock which forms the north wall of the Tirumalaikkadambar temple.

Mara. ?Sundarapandya I. year 3 : 1219 A.D.

On grounds of Palaeography and the identity of the signatories with those in No. 390 above belonging to the reign of Kulotltunga III, Tribhuvanachakravartin Sundarapandyadeva mentioned in this record may be identified with Maravarman Sundarapandya I.

This inscription records the gift of 4 ½ kalanju of gold of eight mari by Veliyarrudaiyan-Soran Tanti and his sister Ariyanral for mid-day offerings and a lamp to god Nagarisvaramudaiya Nayanar of Telingakulakalapura alias Kulottungasola Pattanam in Irattapadikondasola-valanadu. The Sivabrahmanas of the tiruvunnaligai (Sanctum sanctorum), who received the gold, undertook to arrange for the offerings and the burning of the lamp.

Text published in Inscriptions (Texts) of the Pudukkottai State, No. 503.

No. 394.(A. R. No. 364 of 1904).

Narttamalai, Pudukkottai Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.On a rock north of the big rock-cut hall known as Kshamanal-kudagu on the

Melamalai hill.Maravarman Sundarapandya I. year 11 + 1 : 1227 – 28 A.D.

The king in this inscription is described by the title sonadu valangiyaruliya.

This records an allotment of different pieces of land, granted by different people as kudininga tiruvidaiyattam for food offerings to god Padinenbhumi-vinnagara Emperuman and his consort for whom shrines were erected by the Nagarattar of Telingakula kalapuram alias Kulottungachola-pattinam in Irattapadikondasola-valanadu. The nagarattar agreed to arrange for the remittance of 57 kalam of paddy measured by sulakkal for the said service and took upon themselves the burden of paying taxes viz., tiruvasal-ponda irai, kudimai, antarayam, etc., in case of failure of crops, a remission was to be allowed after due inspection. One-sixth of the summer crops was to be paid to the temple.

Provision was also made for the repairs in the temple from levies such as adaikkasu and kidaykkasu collected from the bride’s party in a marriage.

Text published in Inscriptions (Texts) of the Pudukkottai State, No. 281.

No. 397.(A. R. No. 367 of 1904).

Ammsatram, Pudukkottai Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.At the entrance of the natural cave east of the rock known as Aluruttimalai.

Maravarman Sundarapandya I. acc. 1216 A. D.

The date portion of this inscription is lost.

This epigraph seems to record a grant of land in Periyapallivayal as pallichchandam to Nayanar Tirumanaimalai Alvar, by Pambaiyurudaiyan, Sengudi Anaina[di] (?) tenar perumagan alias Gangadarar, a merchant. It mentions Kanakachandra Pandita and his discipla Danmadeva Acharyan.

Text published in Inscriptions (Texts) of the Pudaukkottai State, No. 474. The text is, however, published here in view of some differences in the reading.

Jatavarman Sundarapandya I

No. 170.(A. R. No. 150 of 1904).

Tirukanthesvaram, Cuddalore Taluk, South Arcot District.On the south wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the

Natanapadesvara temple.[Jatavarman Sundarapandya I]. Year 14 : 1264 A.D.

This inscription is dated in the reign of Konerimaikondan, who from the reference to Koyilponmeyndaperumal and Sundarapandya in the body of the inscription, may be identical with Jatavarman Sundarapandya I. This is dated in the 205th day of the 14th Year.

It records a royal order leasing out 30 veli of land belonging to Deyvanayakan temple in Tiruvayindirapuram in Marudadu, a hamlet of Solakulavallinallur and Kilaikkeralantakanallur as Kudiningada tiruvidaiyattam to the chaturvedi-bhattas of Puttulan-Brahmadesam in Tiruvayindiram by Puttular Tiruvarangachchelvar alias

Villavarayar. The bhattas were required to measure out annual to the Deyvanayakan temple, 20 kalam of paddy per veli, as ayam, upadi and kadamai for food and other offerings to the image of god Koyil-ponmeynda Perumal, set up by the king in his name and for offerings on the occasion of Sundarapandyan sandhi for the god Deyvanayakan. Tachchanenmali-udaiyan figures as the signatory of the record. The body called Irandayiravar was entrusted with the supervision of this arrangement.

This record pertaining to the Deyvanayakan temple of Tiruvayindiram (Tiruvendipuram) was engraved here evidently because some of the lands under reference were situated in Solakulavallinallur, where Tirukkanthesvaram was situated.

No. 171.

(A. R. No. 151 of 1904).

Tirukanthesvaram, Cuddalore Taluk, South Arcot District.On the south wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the Natanapadesvara

temple.Jatavarman Sundarapandya I. Year 14 : 1264 A.D.

This inscription records an agreement entered into between the sivabrahmanas on the one hand and the temple authorities, the royal Kankani officers, and the ur-mudalis of Solakulavallinallur on the other for conducting a service to god Tirukkannisvaramudaiya Nayanar on the occasion of tiru-ppalli-eluchchi to be called Paliyil-pugalalan sandhi for which the former received as adaippu 3 ma of land from Meyur Milaiyan-kilan Alagiya Tiruchchirrambalamudaiyan Manrirkunikkum Peruman alias Abhimanatunga-ppallavaraiyar of Solakulavallinallur. The donor made an additional grant of land made tax-free for the same purpose, on finding that the sivabrahmanas could not perform the service regularly with the income from the previous grant.

Among the boundaries of the land originally granted is mentioned a piece of tirunamattukkani land purchased from a number of persons including Villavan Vilupparaiyar of Kannamangalam in the 13th year.

No. 723.

(A. R. No. 666 of 1904). Tirumullaivayal, Saidapet Taluk, Chingleput District.

On the south wall of the central shrine in the Masilamanisvara temple. Jatavarman Sundarapandya I. Year 15 : 1265 – 66 A.D.

The provenance of this record so far to the north and its palaeography would point to the identity of the king with Sundarapandya I. This records the gift of the proceeds from certain taxes like ur-kadamai, ayam, perasadavari etc. by the inhabitants (nattavar) of Pular-kottam and Ikkattu-kottam, for repairs, and unguents in the temple of Tirumullaivayil-udaiya-nayanar, at Kanapperuru-nadu, in Pular-kottam in Jayangondasola-mandalam.

No. 727. (A. R. No. 670 of 1904).

Tirumullaivayal, Saidapet Taluk, Chingleput District.

On the west wall of the central shrine in the Masilamanisvara temple. Jatavarman Sundarapandya I. Year 17 : 1267 – 68 A.D.

The provenance of this record and its palaeography suggest the identity of the king with

Sundarapandya I.

This inscription records an agreement among the inhabitants of Pular-kottam alias Vikramasola-valanadu, in Jayangondasola-mandalam, regarding a gift of 148 madai, by Sendamaraikkannan of Tirumullaivayal, in Kanapperur-nadu, for conducting a special service called Vikkiramasola-valanattar Sandhi, the Vaikasi festivals and for repairs in the temple of Tirumullaivayil-udaiya nayanar.

No. 759.(A. R. No. 702 of 1904).

Tirumullaivayal, Walajapet Taluk, Chingleput District.On the east wall of the first prakara, to the right of the entrance in the Kharapurisvara

temple.Sundarapandya I. Year 14, 181st day : 1264 A.D.

The king mentioned in the record as Emmandalamum kondaruliya Devendra vallavan (vallabhan) Sundara-pandya is evidently identical with Jatavarman Sundarapandya I. He is also stated to have issued this memorandum (ninaippu) from Kannanur which may be easily identified with Kannanur near Tiruchirappalli, which was till then, the Hoysala capital in south.

This records the royal order, issued from Kannanur, registering the gift of 3 veli of land made free of taxes such as antarayam, ponvari etc. in Tirupparkadal to Kakkunayaka-pichchar, as madappurattu-iraiyili.

There is another incomplete inscription below this, of the same king, which is apparently connected with this.

No. 769.(A. R. No. 769 of 1904).

Tirumala (Tirupati), Chandragiri Taluk, Chittoor District.On the south wall of the first prakara (called the Mukkoti-pradakshina)

in the Venkatesa-perumal temple. [Jatavarman]Sundarapandya I.

This fragmentary inscription contains portions of the prasasti of the king commencing with Samasta-jagad-adhara etc. It mentions the regnal year 7 in line 4.

Jatavarman Sundarapandya II

No. 561.(A. R. No. 518 of 1904).

Tevur, Nagapattinam Taluk, Tanjore District

On the south wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the Devapurisvara temple.

Jatavarman Sundarapandya II. year 1 : 1287 A.D.

On grounds of palaeography the king Jatavarman Sundarapandya may be identified with the second king of that name and the details of date given viz., 1[1]th year, Vrischika, ba. 6, Wednesday, Pusam, correspond to 1287 A.D., October 29, Wednesday.

This inscription records the grant of lands after purchasing the same from the temple for 150 panam, to god Tiru-Adittisvaram-udaiyar in Tiruttevur in Tevur-nadu in Arumolideva-valanadu, as capital for performing the Atkondanayakan-sandhi named after the donor, just after the early morning service, by Alagiyamanavalan, Atkondanayakan of Tengudi, a lease-holder in Menilappadi alias Virarajendrapuram in Tiruvarur-kurram in Geyamanikka-valanadu. The temple authorities undertook to conduct the service even in time of floods and draught.

This money received as price for the land was utilized by the temple authorities to construct in stone the structure above the kumudaga-ppadai and kovalam in the tiru-agra-mandapam

Jatavarman Sundarapandya

No. 131.(A. R. No. 113 of 1904).

Tiruchchopuram, Cuddalore Taluk, South Arcot DistrictOn stray stones on the roof of the mandapa in front of the

central shrine in the Mangalapurisvara temple. Jatavarman Sundarapandya.

The date portion in this inscription is lost. Palaeographically it may be assigned to the 13th century A.D.

This record registers a gift of land to a temple for the expenses of worship and offerings on the new moon and full moon days (uvappadi) by Sariputra Panditan Mention is also made of the Sangattar of the place.

No. 143.(A. R. No. 123 of 1904).

Tirthanagari, Cuddalore Taluk, South Arcot DistrictOn the east wall of the central shrine in the Sivankuresvara temple.

[Jatavarman] Sundarapandya I. Year 13 + 3 : 1265 A.D.

This inscription mentions the title Kodandaraman of the king, after which the sandhi was named. The details of the date given, viz., 13 + 3rd, year, Mesha, su. 9 Pusam regularly correspond to 1265 A.D., March 27 ; 28 ; .03. It also mentions the 276th day of the same regnal year at the end. Netturudaiyan Ilaiyalvan Kaligarayan figures as the signatory of the inscription.

It records a grant by the king of 50 veli of land in Puva[ni]lai Sundarasolanallur, a hamlet in the Merka-nadu free of taxes such as kadamai, kudimai, ponvari, antarayam, kanikkai, kattigaippachchai, kirruvari, sanduvigrahapperu vasalviniyogam, olai-edupadi (?), kurrilakkai,

kadaikkuttilakkai, pasippattam, erivari, inavari, idaivari, olukkunirppattam, visuvalaippattam, arisikanam, ayavargam, tari-irai, tattarppattam, sekkayam, maganmai, ilanchinai, anaichchalai, kudiraippandi, andu-eluttu-ttevai, palattevai, vetti, nilaiyal, tachchuttalvu, al-amanji and nattuviniyogam for Kodandaraman sandhi named after himself, festivals and repairs in the temple of god Tiruttinainagarudaiyar in Jayngondasola-chchaturvedimangalam in Merka-nadu in Vadakarai Virudarajabhayankara-valanadu.

No. 147.(A. R. No. 127 of 1904).

Tirthanagari, Cuddalore Taluk, South Arcot DistrictOn the south wall of the Vighnesvara shrine in the Sivankuresvara temple.

Jatavarman Sundarapandya I Year 14 : 1264-65 A.D.This inscription commences with the prasasti, Samasta jagadadhara etc.,

of Jatavarman Sundarapandya I.

It records the assignment of the proceeds at the rate of one kuruni per ma from the lands in Vesalipadi-parru excluding devadana and tiruvidaiyattam lands of the temples, for worship and repairs in the temple of God Tiruttinainagar-udaiyar in their village, by the administrative body (Kuttapperumakkal) of Jayangondasolach-chaturvedimangalam functioning from the month of Karkataka. The temple authorities were authoritised to received these contributions and issue receipts.

Jatavarman Parakramapandya

No. 393.(A. R. No. 363 of 1904).

Narttamalai, Pudukkottai Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District.On the rock north of the pond situated to the west of the Tirumalaikkadambar temple.

Jata. Parakramapandya. Year 6 : 1320 – 21 A.D.

This inscription is dated in the 6th year of Jatavarman Parakrama-pandya who may perhaps be identified with the one who began his reign by 1314 – 15 A.D.

This recors the distribution of 10 ma of land belonging to the temple, to ten devaradiyar, for serving in the temple twice a day, by the Uravar of Telingakulakalapuram alias Kulottungasola-ppattinam in Konadu alias Kadaladaiyadilangai-kondasola-valanadu by the authorities of the temple and the mathas attached to it, who were assembled at the tirumandapa that day.

Text published in Inscriptions (Texts) of Pudukkottai State, No. 621.

Maravarman Kulasekhara I

No. 253.(A. R. No. 231 of 1904).

Singavaram, Gingee Taluk, South Arcot District.On the south base of the central shrine in the ruined Adivaraha Perumal temple.

Maravarman Kulasekhara I. Year 30 : 1298 A. D.

The details of date given viz., 30th year, Simha su. 11, Mulam, may correspond to 1298 A.D., August 19. The weekday was Tuesday.

This inscription records the tax-free gift of the village of Singapuram, including the lake, wet and dry lands, puravadai, mavadai, maravadai, kulavadai, asuvatiperkkadamai, kasayavargga [*m], kudiperkkadamai and other rights accruing from the lands including the old tiruvidaiyattam but excluding the devadana lands, as tirunamattukani, for worship, festivals and repairs to the temple, for the merit of the king [Perumal] to god Panri Alvar in Tiruppanrikunru in Singapuram, in Singapura-nadu in Palkunrakkottam in Jayangondasola-mandalam, by the Nattavar of Senjimalai-pparru.

It mentions Irugai madavarana Rajaraja Brahmarayan among the signatories.

No. 549.(A. R. No. 506 of 1904).

Agattiyanpalli, Tirutturaippundi Taluk, Tanjore District.On the north wall of the central shrine in Agastyesvara temple.

Maravarman Kulasekhara I. Year 31 : 1299 A.D.

The details of date given viz., 31st year, Rishabha, Sunday su. [9], Uttiram, correspond to 1299 A.D., May 10, ’18 ; ’89.

This epigraph records the grant of 5 veli of land, made free of taxes to god Tiruvagattiyanpalli-udaiyar in Kunrur-nadu, in Umbar-valanadu alias Taranimulududaiya-valanadu, for the celebration of a festival in the month of Vaikasi, on the last day of which occurs the star Hasta, for the health of the king by the Nattavar of Kunrur-nadu. The land was called Bhagampiriyada-nallur after the name of the god.

No. 550.(A. R. No. 507 of 1904).

Agattiyanpalli, Tirutturaippundi Taluk, Tanjore District.On the north base of the central shrine in Agastyesvara temple.

Maravarman Kulasekhara I. year 5 : 1273 A.D.

This inscription is dated, year 5, Tai 21. Palaeographically this inscription may be assigned to the 13th century.

This records the gift of 150 panam by Gautaman Andan Kunramerindar, for Sri Mahesvarapujai in Agattiyadevar tirumadam in the same place, out of the income accruing from the gift-money either by investing it in tax-free land or by lending it out for interest. The money was entrusted to the tanattar in the temple of Tiruvagattiyanpalli-udaiyar.

No. 573.(A. R. No. 528 of 1904).

Tiruttengur, Tirutturaippundi Taluk, Tanjore DistrictOn the south wall of the central shrine in the Rajatagirisvara temple.

Maravarman Kulasekhara (I). year 31 : 1298 – 99 A.D.

This inscription is dated in the 31st year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Maravarman Kulasekhara. The high regnal year points to the identity of the king with Maravarman Kulasekhara I.

It records the gift of paddy and money to god Tiruvelliyangunram-udaiya-nayanar of Tiruttengur for a service called Malavan-sandi by Alaivayuganda Perumal alias Mala[va*]chchakravattigal, son of Narasingadevar.

No. 596.(A. R. No. 551 of 1904).

Tiruvaur, Nagapattinam Taluk, Tanjore DistrictOn the west wall of the first prakara in the Tyagarajasvamin temple.

Maravarman Mulasekhara I. year 40 : 1308 A.D.

The details of date given viz., Year 40, S. 1229, Mina ba. 10, Monday, Tiruvonam, regularly correspond to 1308 A.D., March 18, Monday. The Saka date 1229 is given at the end.

This epigraph records a grant of land in Sirunallur a brahmadeya in Tevur-nadu in Geyamanikka-valanadu as tirunamattukkani to god Tiruvarurudaiyar by Velan Kongil Pillaiyan of Kalanivayil in Eyil-nadu in pandikulapati-valanadu. The lands are stated to have been purchased for this purpose even in the 32nd year of the king but were in the enjoyment of the donor.

Jatavarman Parakramapandya (Unidentified)

No. 554.(A. R. No. 511 of 1904).

Kodiyakkadu, Tirutturaippundi Taluk, Tanjore District.On the north wall of the Amritaghatesvara temple.

Jatavarman Parakramapandya. Year 5.

On grounds of palaeography the inscription may be assigned to the 13th century.

This inscription records a gift of 150 varahan for a perpetual lamp for god Tirukkodikkulagar in Umbala-nadu alias Taranimuludumudaiya-valanadu by Gamudavan Andan Perra[n*].

Maravarman Virapandya

No. 141.(A. R. No. 121 of 1904).

Tirthanagari, Cuddalore Taluk, South Arcot DistrictOn the south wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the Sivan-kuresvara

temple.Maravarman Virapandya. Year 9.

The details of date given are Panguni 24 in the 9th year. Palaeographically this record may be assigned to the 13th century A.D.

It records the assignment of tolls on a number of articles to god Tiruttinainagar udaiyar of Jayangondasola-chaturvedimangalam, by the sabha and nattar of Andagalur-parru towards the worship and other offerings and procession during the festival to be celebrated in the month of Vaikasi, terminating on the Vaisakha day, the day of tirtham on the seashore and for the oil for the lamp, flowers and other worship and offerings during the twelve days of another festival beginning with Tirunavukkarasu-tirunal and terminating on Nachchiyar-tirunal, for the health of the king (for the recovery of the king ?). The rates of tolls are laid down in the inscription.

No. 142.(A. R. No. 122 of 1904).

Tirthanagari, Cuddalore Taluk, South Arcot District.On the east wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the Sivankuresvara

temple.Maravarman Virapandya. Year 9.

This inscription also seems to belong to the same king in whose reign No. 141 is dated.

It records the sirumuri (agreement) entered into between the authorities of the temple of Tiruttinainagar-udaiyar and apparently the local bodies (kankani-karanattar), regarding the re-assignment of the maganmai, previously collected at the toll gates and 40 ma of land formerly given (see No. 144, below)by Tamandai-Tennavarayan of Perunganur, to the west of the madil in Tanrur in Panchavan-madevipura-parru, for the daily food offerings from Chittirai of the 9th year and for the festival for the god in the month of Vaikasi.

No. 248.(A. R. No. 226 of 1904).

Singavaram, Gingee Taluk, South Arcot District.On the east base of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the Ranganatha temple.

Maravarman Virapandya

The beginning of the lines in this inscription are built-in and therein the date has been lost. The available details of date are saptami, Wednesday, Tiruvonam, which are insufficient for verification.

It records the grant of wet lands with the income from the taxes such as tari-irai, tattarpattam, kasayam etc., in the village of Pallavanpattu in the Seruvalur-parru, as tax-free tirunamattukkani by the nattavar of the place, for the health of ……………. Perumal (king) for worship and various offerings to gbod Nayanar Devapperumal set up in the temple of Nayanar Panri-Alvar in Tiruppanrikunru in Singapuram in Palkunrakko[ttam] inJayangondasola-mandalam by a person (name lost) of Rajarajapuram in the same division. It is stated that Irugai-madavarana Rajaraja Brahm[a*]rayan (see No. 253 below) drafted the record under orders of the nattavar.

No. 402.(A. R. No. 372 of 1904).

Palani, Dindigual Taluk, Madurai District.On the south base of the Palani Andavar shrine. Virapandya. Year 15 +.

On grounds of palaeography the king may be identified with Jatavarman Virapandya who ascended the throne in 1253 A.D.

This records the grant by the king, of land in the northern portion of Idumbankulam, alias Kunran-vayal alias Virasolan-mannarai, exempted from the taxes such as kadamai, pattam, kattigai-ppachchai, antarayam, etc., for services and offerings to god Subrahmanya-ppillaiyar in Palani hill in Vaikavur-nadu. The same piece of land called Idumbankulam is mentioned in No. 403 below.

No. 403.(A. R. No. 373 of 1904).

Palani, Dindigual Taluk, Madurai District.On the north base of the Palani-Andavar shrine. Virapandya. Year 15 + 5 : 1273 A. D.

For the reason stated in No. 402 above the king of this record may be identified with Jatavarman Virapandya.

This records the grant by the king, of land in the southern portion of Idumbankulam alias kunran-vayal alias Virasolan-mannarai after making the lands free from taxes such as kattigai-ppachchai and antarayam for services and offerings to god Subrahmanya on the Palani hill in Vaikavur-nadu.

Among the lands excluded from the gift land is mentioned the tiruvidaiyattam land of Lakshminarayana Perumal temple.

No. 546.(A. R. No. 504 of 1904).

Agattiyanpalli, Tirutturaippundi Taluk, Tanjore District.On the south wall of the central shrine in the Agastyesvara temple.

Maravarman Virapandya, Year 15.

On palaeographical considerations, this inscription may be assigned to the 13th century.

This seems to record the gift of 2,000 kuli of land by purchase for service and offerings early in the morning to god Tiruvagattiyanpalli-udaiyar in Kunrur-nadu of Umbar-valanadu alias Taranimuludum-udaiya-valanadu by Arayan Poyan Vilupparaiyan, the kilavan of Elumur, who is also stated to have reclaimed the land which was lying fallow. The donor is stated to have deposited in the temple 45 panam for his purpose, out of which 5 panam was provided towards the payment of taxes such as kudimai, vinivogam, etc.,

JATAVARMAN SUNDARAPANDYA I

No. 196 (Page No. 158)

(A. R. No. 196 of 1906)

South Arcot District, Tirukkoyilur Taluk, Gramam.

Sivalokanatha Temple – On The South Wall Of The Selvambika Shrine.

Jat. Sundara-Pandya I – 18th Year (A.D. 1268-69)

The inscription begins with the Sanskrit prasati of the king, Samastajagad-adhara etc. The record is damaged. It seems to register an endowment of land made by the king

expenses of worship and offerings to the deity of the day of a special festival instituted in his name, and for the formation of a garden where the god was to be taken in procession on such occasions. Provision is also made for the daily supply of 200 lotus flowers to the temple and of 2000 lilies on festival days by the grant of 2-¼ veli of land to one Vikrama-pandyan alias Sri Mulasthana-Velan for the purpose. The god is called Sriyarruttali Mulasthanam-Udaiyar Bokkanankuduttaruliya-Nayanar.

No. 197 (Page No. 159)

(A. R. No. 197 of 1906)


Sivalokanatha Temple – On The West And South

Walls Of The Same Shrine.

Jat. Sundara-Pandya I – 15th Year (A.D. 1265-66).

This also begins with the prasasti Samasta-jagad-adhara etc. It is damaged in places. The inscription records (another) endowment by the king of 9 ½ veli of land, free of all taxes, for the expenses of the service instituted in the temple in the name of the ruling king by Vira-Pandya. Reference is made to some lands granted in the time of Kopperunjingadeva.

No. 198 (Page No. 160)

(A. R. No. 198 of 1906)


Sivalokanatha Temple – On The North And West Walls Of The Same Shrine.

Jat. Sundara-Pandya I – 19th Year (A.D. 1269-70).

This also begins with the same introduction Samasta-jagad-adhara etc. It is damaged in the middle portion. It registers another endowment of land tax-free by the king, but the extent of the land and the purpose of the gift are lost in the damaged portion. Out of this land one veli was to be set apart as jivita for Vikrama-Pandyan alias Sri Mulasthana-velan (mentioned in No. 196 above) for a (further) daily supply of 1200 lotus flowers to the temple.

No. 260 (Page No. 204)

(A. R. No. 260 of 1906)

North Arcot District, Cheyyar Taluk, Narasamangalam.

Ruined Siva Temple – On The South Wall Of The Central Shrine.

Jat. Sundara-Pandya I – 7th Year (A.D. 1257-58)

The inscription commences with introduction Samasta jagad adhara etc., which is however a short one in this case. The details of the date are given as Vrischika, ba. 3, Monday, Mrigasirsha corresponding to A.D. 1256, November 4. The record is incomplete stopping with the mention of one Pundravardhana Narayana-Bhatta, a nambi performing worship in the temple of Arulala-Perumal at Tiruvattiyur a quarter of Tenai Perumbakkam, and of another person, a resident of Dusi Agaram, to whom the uravar of Narasamangalam in Mavandur nadu a division of Kaliyur-kottam in Jayangondasola-mandalam are said to have sold their village in public auction.

JATAVARMAN SUNDARAPANDYA

No. 5 (Page No. 2)(A. R. NO. 5 of 1906)

Salem District, Namakkal Taluk, NamakkalDeserted Temple On The Hill-On The North West And South Walls

Jat. Sundara-Pandya-2nd Year.

This registers an endowment of wet lands 11 kani in extent, in different places for the

requirements of food offerings and lamp in the temple of Arulala-Vinnagara alias

Edirilipperumal on the hill at Tiruvaraikkal, by the Sabha of Elur-nadu and the Nattar and the Nagarattar.

JATAVARMAN VIRAPANDYA

No. 45 (Page No. 43)

(A. R. No. 45 of 1906)

Tanjavur District, Mayuram Taluk, Tirukkadaiyur

Amritaghatesvara Temple-On The Same Base

Jat. Vira-Pandya Deva-14th Year.

The details of the date given viz. Dhanus, ba. 10, Wednesday, Svati in the 14thyear of the king correspond to A.D. 1266, December 22. This records a communication addressed to the governing authorities of the temple of Kalakal-devar by one Kasipan Tiruchchirrambalamudaiyan-Bhattan, confirming the gift of two pieces of land measuring seven ma in extent at Perumulai in Vilanagar-nadu a division of Jayangondasola-valanadu, which he had made some time previously, and authorizing them to get the deed now engraved on stone and copper. The latter part of the inscription seems to register the actual execution of the document defining the boundaries of the land, among which is mentioned a land belonging to a temple called the Vikrama-Cholisvaramudaiyar.

MARAVARMAN KUKASEKHARA I


(A. R. No. 28 of 1906)

Tanjavur District, Mayuram Taluk, Tirukkadaiyur

Amritaghatesvara Temple –On The North Wall

Of The MandapaIn Front Of The Central Shrine

Maravarma. Kilasekhara I – Date Lost.

The king is given the attribute “who was pleased to take every country”. The inscription is mutilated and incomplete. The date portion preserved is 2 *year …su 7, Friday, Asvati (probably January 16, A.D. 1293). The object of the record is to register a gift on nine ma and odd of land, to the temple of Kalakaladeva by one Saduran Kesavappaerimal of the village Seluvattur in Pandimandalam after purchasing the same and getting it made tax-free by the sabha of Tirukkadavur. The land appears to have been previously endowed for a flower garden to a Pidari temple by the same donor, and passed on to

private ownership subsequent to the 13th year of perumal Sundara-Pandya. The details however are not clear.


(A. R. No. 46 of 1906)

Tanjavur, Mayuram Taluk, Tirukkadaiyur

Amritaghatesvara Temple –On The Same Base

Mar. Kulasekhara-34th Year (A.D. 1301).

The details of the date are given as Kanya su. 7, Sunday, Mula and yield the equivalent A.D. 1301. September 10.The object of record is to register a joint resolution of the three assemblies kilkurru-Brahmadesangalilar, Agara-Brahmadesangalilar and Vellala-Urgalilar of jayangondasola-valanadu to set apart 10 out of the 35 veli of land belonging to them by purchase in the tirunamattukkani village Ponparri, for burning 40 perpetual lamps in the temple of Kalakaladevar for the welfare of the king (Ulagudaiya-Perumal). The occasion for this gift is stated to be that their prayer to the god was answered by way of the king having resumed for himself the administration of their nadu from his younger brother, and thus having enabled them to return to their own homes from other regions to which they had fled owing to the disturbed state of the country for a long time, and where they had to suffer great privations and miseries.


(A. R. No. 59 of 1906)

Tanjavur District, Mayuram Taluk, Tirumayanam.

Brahmapurisvara Temple-On The Same Wall

Mar. Kulasekhara I – 35th Year (A.D. 1302-3)

The king is given the attribute “who was pleased to take all countries" the details of date are given as Rishable, su. 14, Monday, Mula, which probably correspond to A.D. 1302, May 14. But the tithi was ba. 2 on this date. This stated to be copy of an order of the king (Konerinmaikondan) to the effect that the capital amount out of which taxes were being paid up to the 34th year of his reign on the village Tirumaiyanavilagam alias Taniyanaiyittaperumal-nallur which was the tirunamattukkani and tiruvilakkuppuram of the temple, were now to be remitted in favour of the temple and the village, entered as tax-free in the registers so as to provide for offering and worship to the god during the service in the name of the king, and for repairs to the temple. The signatories to the order were the officers (?) Tunjalurudaiyan and Pallavarayan.


(A. R. No. 98 of 1906)

South Arcot District, Tirukkoyilur Taluk, Jambai

Jambunatha Temple-On The North Wall Of The Same Prakara

Tribh. Kullasekhara (Mar. Kulasekhara I)-33rd Year (A.D.1300-1)

This registers the alienation of 900 kuli of dry land at Mananduyyaperumal-nallur, which was a tax-free devadana of the temple of Tantonri-Aludaiya-Nayanar at Sanbai alias Virarajendrasolapuram in Vanagoppadi-nadu on the northern bank of the Pennai in favour of a Brahmana of Manalur by name Tirukkotti-Alvan periyan Isurabattan for his services on

the days of festival in the temple. It is stated that the sthanikas received from him 31 panam in lump sum for the payment of kadamai on the land levied by the nadu.

MARAVARMAN SRIVALLABHA

No. 136 (Page No. 111)

(A. R. No. 136 Of 1906)

South Arcot District, Tirukkoyilur Taluk, Elvanasur

Gramardhanatha Temple-On The Same Wall

Mar. Sribaladeva (Srivallabha) – 5th Year

The details of date are given as Makara, ba. 9, Monday, Svati corresponding to A.D. 1312,

January 3, if the date of accession was A.D. 1307. This records an endowment of about

808 kuli of land after purchase by one Kalattinadar son of Kachchiyaraya of Paruvur, for burning two perpetual lamps in the temple of Urbagankondaruliya-Nayanar at Iraiyanaraiyur alias Solakerela-chaturvedimangalam.

MARAVARMAN VIRAPANDYA

No. 160 (Page No. 130)

(A. R. No. 160 of 1906)

South Arcot District, Tirukkoyilur Taluk, Elvanasur

Gramardhanatha Temple-On The North Wall Of The Same Prakara

Mar. Vira-Pandyadeva-7th Year.

The details of the date given as Tula, su 14, Friday, Asvati correspond to A.D. 1333, October 22, and would enable the identification of this king with the one who ascended the throne in A.D. 1326-27. This records an endowment of four pieces of land measuring 1250 kuli in all by Atkondadevan Tondappillai a merchant of Tirunavalur in Tirumunaippadi-nadu to provide for the various requirements of worship in the temple of Urbagankondauliya-Nayanar during the four festival days of the year, at the rate of ten panam for each festival. The rituals observed on such occasions are described; so also the articles required for them are named such as rose water, musk, campnor, saffron and sandal paste. the lands are said to have been purchased before gift by the donor from the legal heirs of the owner who had run away unable to pay the taxes.

KONERINMAIKONDAN KULASEKHARA


(A. R. No. 74 of 1906)


Jambunatha Temple-On The Same Wall

Kon.Tribh. Kulasekharadeva-10th Year.

This registers a gift of 3-½ veli of wetland and 3 veli and odd of dry land tax-free in the village Naraloka-diranpattu in Meykunra-nadu on the southern bank, by the king for the expenses of worship and offerings during the serviceKulasekharan-sandi in the temple of Tantonri-Aludaiya-Nayanar.

KONERINMAIKONDAN KULASEKHARA


(A. R. No. 74 of 1906)


Jambunatha Temple-On The Same Wall

Kon.Tribh. Kulasekharadeva-10th Year.

This registers a gift of 3-½ veli of wetland and 3 veli and odd of dry land tax-free in the village Naraloka-diranpattu in Meykunra-nadu on the southern bank, by the king for the expenses of worship and offerings during the serviceKulasekharan-sandi in the temple of Tantonri-Aludaiya-Nayanar.

ANDAIYA MARAN

No. 409

(A. R. No. 409 of 1906)

Tirunelveli District, Tirunelveli Taluk, Sivalapperi.

Alagar Temple – On The Same Wall.

Sadaiya Maran – 2+19th Year.

Published in South Indian Inscriptions, Vol. XIV. No. 72.

No. 421

(A. R. No. 421 of 1906)



Sadaiya-Maran – 2+19th Year.

Published in South Indian Inscriptions, Vol. XIV No. 71

PERUMAL SUNDARAPANDYA

No. 51 (Page No 47)(A. R. No. 51 of 1906)

Tanjavur District, Mayuram Taluk, TirukkadaiyurAmritaghatesvara Temple –On The Same Gopura

Perumal Sundara Pandya-Date Lost.

This is damaged. It seems to record an endowment in money of 125 [kalanju] by some merchants of Kulasekharan-pattinam, to provide for the various require-Ments in connection with the worship of the deity in the month of Margali, in the temple of Kalakaladevar at Tirukkadavur. This place is referred to as a brahmadeya in the eastern division (kil-kuru) of Jayangondasola-valanadu.

KONERINMAIKONDAN


(A. R. No. 53 of 1906)

Tanjavur District, Mayuram Taluk, Tirumayanam

Brahmapurisvara Temple-On The North Wall Of The

Mandapa In Front Of The General Shrine

Tribh. Konerimaikondan (?)-34th Year.

The identity of the king is not clear. This records a tax-free gift of half a veliand odd of land at Erukkilantittai village near Akkur alias Rajendrasinga-chaturvedimangalam, for rearing a lotus garden for the supply of garlands to god Tirumayanam-Udaiyar at Tirukkadavur in Akkur-nadu and for the maintenance of the persons looking after the garden.


(A. R. No. 54 of 1906)



Tribh. Konerinmaikondan? 22nd Year.

This records the king’s order to the tax-officers (Varikkuru-seyyar) communicated through the Secretary Rajendrasinga-Muvendvelan and 4 other officers, renewing the grant of a tax-free land 13 veli and odd in extent, situated in Rajadhiraja-mangalam which was a tax-free devadana and tirunamattukkani village belonging to god Tirumayanam-Udaiyar at Tirukkadavur. The land is said to have been converted into tirappu in the king’s 4th year and hence perhaps this present order of renewal.


(A. R. No. 54 of 1906)



Konerinmaikondan (?)-9th Year And 100th Day.

This is engraved in continuation of the inscription No. 54 above, though it is evidently a separate and different record. It is dated in the 11th year and 169th day of an unspecified king, and registers a grant of land at Akkur after its Purchase by one Villavarayar of Perunallur for 10127 kasu, for the merit of the reigning king, to provide for the maintenance of persons who were to recite the Vedas and the Sri-Rudram in the temple of Tirumayanam-Udaiyar at Tirukkadavur, the exact significance of the term veda vinai is not

understood. Perhaps the chanting of the Vedas was accompanied with the music o the vina. Mention is made of two villages Tiruttondattugai-mangalam and Sivapadasekhara-mangalam.


(A. R. No. 55 of 1906)



Konerinmaikondan (?)-9th Year And 100th Day.

This seems to register the grant of 2 pieces of land, one at Virasolanallur and the other at Virudarajabhayankaranallur and measuring together 23 ½ [veli] in extent, to the temple of Tirumaiyanamudaiyar at Tirukkadavur, by order of the king. Mention is made of a flower garden called the “Rajadhirajan tirunandavanam ”which was to be formed out of one of these lands after its reclamation from sandy mounds. The record is left incomplete towards the end. A land settlement made in the 16th year of Kulottunga-Chola is referred to in the inscription.

MARANJADAIYAN

No. 423

(A. R. No. 423 of 1906)

Tirunelveli District, Tirunelveli Taluk, Manur.

Ambalavanasvami Temple – On One Of The Pillars Inside The Temple.

Maranjadaiyan – 35th Year, 469th Day.

Published in South Indian Inscriptions. Vol. XIV, No. 37.

MARAVARMAN SUNDARA PANDYA I

No. 354

(A. R. No. 354 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukottai State, Kudumiyamalai.

Sikhanathasvami Temple --- On The South Wall Of The Akhilandesvari Shrine.

Mar. Sundarapandya I---14th Year (A.D.1229-30)

This begins with the introduction pumaruviya Tirumadandaiyum etc. It registers a gift of two (adjoining) pieces of land at Sikaranallur in Kunriyur-nadu on the east bank of the river Vellaru as tiruvettai-tiruttoppu to the temple of Tirunalakkunramudaiya-Nayanar by Sankaran Kandan alias Kalikadinda-Pandyadeven of Kulattur in Malai-mandalam after purchasing the same from some specified individuals, residents of the place. The purpose of the gift is evidently to provide a garden where the image of the god was taken in procession and worshipped on certain festival occasions as will be seen by No. 355 below.

No. 355

(A. R. No. 355 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Kudumiyamalai..

Sikhanathasvami Temple --- On The Same Wall.

Tribh. (Mar) Sundarapandya I --- 14th Year (A.D.1229-30).

She king is given the attribute “who presented the Chola country” as in the inscription above. This records a further gift made by the same donor Sankaran Kandan providing by means of an agreement with the nattar for the supply of 10kalam and 5 kuruni of paddy every year by the nattar of Malai-nadu (probably by some investment with them), for the offering of Tiruppavadai amudu to the deity after being taken in procession to the garden (Tiruvettaittoppu) called the Tyaganjiriyan-tiruttoppu on the respective days of festival in the months of Margali, Masi, and Panguni.

No. 362

(A. R. No. 362 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Kudumiyamalai.


Mar. Sundara Pandyadeva I --- 3rd Year (A.D. 1218-19)

The king claims the attribute “who was pleased to take the chola country”, even in this third regnal year. The inscription registers a public sale of a piece of dry land at sikaranallur in Kunrusul-nadu a division of Ten-Konadu evidently by the Urar of the place represented by a committee of seven persons, and its purchase by Nambi Ponnambalakkuttan alias Udaiyan Sangeyarayar of Arrur in Sola-Pandya-Valanadu for 2 ½ palankasu.

No. 379

(A. R. No. 379 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Kudumiyamalai

Melaikkoyil Rock-Cut Temple --- On The Rock Behind The Vinayaka Shrine.

Tribh. Sundara Pandyadeva --- 201st Year.

The king is evidently Maravarman Sundara I (acc. A.D. 1216) as in No. 380 below. This registers a sale of 5ma of land in the devadana village Tirumeyyam belonging to the temple of Tiruvikrama – Cholisvaram – udaiya – Nayanar at Menmanainallur in Kunrisul –nadu by the trustees of the temple and the Urar of the place, for 3200 kasu, to Periyanachchi Duggai, a devaradiyal of the temple at Tirunalakkunram. The proviso of the sale given at the end is not clear.

No. 380

(A. R. No. 380 of 1906)


Melaikkoyil Rock-Cut Temple – In The Same Place.

Mar. Tribh. Sundara Pandya I – 21+1st Year (A.D. 1236-37).

This records a similar sale of another piece of land, 5 ma in extent, in the same village, by the Urar and temple trustees to Umaiyalvi Periyanachchi. In this case they also agreed to pay the kilirai on the land on behalf of the purchaser for an additional sum of money

received by them. It is possible that Periyanachchi was the mother of Duggai mentioned in No. 379 above.

MARAVARMAN SUNDARA PANDYA II

No. 387

(A. R. No. 387 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Tirumayyam.

Rock-Cut Siva Temple – On The South Wall.

Mar. Tribh. Sundara-Pandyadeva (Ii*)--- 7th Year (A.D. 1245).

The details of date are given as [Risha ]bha, 13,su. 10, Sunday, Uttiram, which would correspond to A.D. 1245, May 7.

The inscription gives details of the settlement of a long standing dispute between the trustees of the two adjoining Siva and Vishnu temples of Tirumeyyattu Mahadeva and Tirumeyyattu – Ninraruliya – Peruman, which had resulted in the negleet of their lands and the stoppage of worship in both. A meeting was held in the presence of Appanna – Dandanayaka, the brother-in-law of Ravideva Dandanayaka (who is said to have taken possession of the naduon behalf of his lord Hoysala Vira- Somesvara), of all the representative inhabitants of the naud nagaram and the Villages of Kana-nadu aliasVirudarajabhayankara-valanadu, and several other important persons of whom a long list is given. They sent for the two parties concerned and asked for the accounts as they stood on that day. They then arrived at an arrangement satisfactory to both. The paddy yield of some lands common to them was to be shared in the ratio of two to three. Lands at Urriyur and Mangalam except those specifically assigned to one or the others were divided equally. Some devadanalands belonging exclusively to the Vishnu temple were exchanged for those of another Siva temple of the place called Vanavanmadisvaram- Udaiyur. Certain lands were to go to the priests of the Vishnu temple and certain others assigned to the Siva temple. Lands at Andakkudi and Perundurai were to continue in the name of Ninraruliya-Peruman as before. The spring to the east was to belong to this god and the stone well near the bali-pitha to Mahadeva. A dividing wall of erected between the two temples, was to be built according to a specified plan, leaving the western portion of the two temples open. Each temple was to bear its own cost of maintaining the uvachchar playing music in the temple according to its needs. Old stone inscriptions relating to each temple except those, which had been cancelled, were to be re-engraved in the respective temples having been copied over from the other.

This arbitration of the dispute by Appanna-Dandanayaka and the mention of the conquest of Kana-nadu by Vira-Somesvara from an unknown adversary in the reign and country of the Pandya king, deserve to be noted, as perhaps showing the dependence of the latter upon the former and the friendly relations of the two at the time. There are four more lines mentioning names of signatories, but they are hopelessly damaged.

(A. R. No. 387 A of 1906)

Tiruchitapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Tirumayyam.

Rock-Cut Siva Temple – In The Same Place.

This is built in at the beginning of lines and is also incomplete. It is a verse inscription in characters of about the 13th century A.D. It seems to be in praise of some merchant

community whose members made name and money in such cities as Varunapati, Vellur Nellur, Kanchi, Pumpugar, Palaiyarai and Ten-Madurapuri. It refers to a gift of lamp to god Siva at Madurai (Manendiya-Karamudai-Marudar).

No. 388

(A. R. No. 388 of 1906)


Rock-Cut Temple --- On The Same Wall.

Mar. Tribh. Sundara Pandyadeva (II) --- 10+1st Year. (A.D. 1249-50)

The inscription is damaged in places. It records an endowment of some lands measuring 8 ma in extent, as urkkil-iraiyili by the Sabha of Tirumayyam for the maintenance of the Uvachchar in the temple of Mahadevar, at the instance of the representatives of the Nadu, Nagaram and the villages. The epigraph makes a reference to the settlement of the dispute mentioned in No. 387 above. A certain Tiruvengadattunambi is said to have made a representation to (dandanayakkar) Appannar on behalf of the temple on this matter, in answer to which the above permission was accorded to the Sabha for the endowment.

JATAVARMAN VIRA PANDYA I

No. 360

(A. R. No. 360 of 1906)


Sikhanathasvami Temple --- On The South Wall Of The Second Prakara.

Jat. Virapandyadeva --- 15th Year (A. D 1267-68).

The king is given the attribute “who took ilam, Kongu and Chola mandalam and after conquering the powerful king was pleased to perform the anoinment of heroes and victors at Perumbarrapuliyur”. The inscription registers a sale, astirunamattukkani to the temple at Tirunalakkunrum, of three veli of puravu (tax-paying?) land at Visalur by the Urar of that place, at the instance of two officers of the king (Rajagomurruvar) Vanadharayar and Gangeyar and on the intercession of the Irandukarai-nattar, for 64,000 kasu. The circum stances of the sale are given, from which it would seem that the Urar had been at default for a long period in the payment of the kadamai-kilirai and had also to account for 50,000 kasu which had evidently been deposited with them out of the amount intended for the renovation of the temple. This is probably the sale-proceeds of the transaction recorded in No. 352. A supplementary sale deed is added to this record figuring the Nattar as an agency and party for the execution of the sale.

No. 361

(A. R. No. 361 of 1906)



Jat. Vira Pandyadeva --- 15th Year.

The king gets the same attributes as in No. 360 above. The inscription is damaged. It records an agreement given by the nattar and the sthanattar of the temple of Tirunalakkunramudaiya – Nayanar, to a certain individual (name lost) of Visalur, who had donated three ma of land to the temple, to the effect that they would supply 2 kalam of rice and other requirements of the Tiruppavadai-amudu to the god on each of the four special festival days in the year, when the deity was taken in procession to the temple garden. Incidental mention is made of the conversion of a devadana land at Visalur into a tirunamattukkani of the temple by the Nattar and Urar, on which occasion this gift is said to have been made by the donor.

No. 365

(A. R. No. 365 of 1906)



Tribh.Vira Pandyadeva --- 7th Year.

This is an unfinished epigraph, evidently intended to register a sale of land fed by three wells at Karandur (village) belonging to Arasugandadevan Arasagalanjappirandan alias Ayilaiyarayan of Pulvayal (?) in Vayalaga-nadu a division of Konadu also called Kadaladaiyadilangaikonda-sola-valanadu, to the temple at Tirunalakkunram in Kunrusul-nadu.

JATAVARMAN PARAKRAMA PANDYA

No. 395

(A. R. No. 395 of 1906)


Satyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On The Same Wall

Jat. Tribh. Parakrama-Pandyadeva 5+7th Year.

The details of date given as [Kunbha], ba. 12, Sunday, Uttiradam correspond to A.D. 1369, February 4, according to Kiel horn (Ep.Ind Vol IX p.225). This records the sale of the (tenancy) rights over some pieces of land by Siraladevar Munaiyadaraiyar Makkanayinan of Melur in Kana-nadu alias Virudaraja-bhayankara-valanadu to one Tiruvudaiyar Piravikkunallar of Kulamangalam in Melai Iraniyamutta-nadu said to be a tiruvudaiyattam of Nayanar Alagar, for 200panam, which was the amount he had to pay to the latter as ‘marriage money’ for marrying his sister Kanaviniyar. He is stated to have also sold his rights over some other lands for 540 panam presumably for meeting the other expense of his marriage like the presentation of angabhu shaman to the bride and similar items. These kaniyatchi lands comprised a tiruvidaiyattam land of Nayanar Tirumeyya-Malaiyalan, one of Emberumal, and a devadana land of god Pilliyar of local shrine. The others belonged to private individuals.

No. 396

(A .R. No. 396 of 1906)


Satyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On The Same Wall.

Jat. Tribh. Parakrama-Pandyadeva 5+7th Year.

This registers the alienation in favour of his son Siraladevan of the kaniyatchirights with all their appurtenances on a certain specified tiruvidaiyattam (and other?) lands at Melsarkulam, Devimangalam and Melur, and two houses in the latter two places, together with a number of slaves, by Siraladevan Munaiyadaraiyan Makkanayan of Melur in Kana-nadu. As this person who now makes a gift to his son, of some of his possessions, has figured in No. 395 above, which is of the same date as the present inscription, it is to be understood that his contemplated marriage to in that record was a later and second one.

No. 397

(A. R. No. 397 of 1906)



This is dated merely in the cyclic year Raudri without giving its Saka equivalent. It records a decision of Dalavay Vaiyappa-Nayakkar, the agent of Timmappa-Nayakkar, and the managers of the temple of Tirumeyyam Malaiyalan that the income from Irunjiraiyur which was a tiruvikaiyattam village of the god was to be utilized (in future solely) for the repairs of the temple.

No. 398

(A. R. No. 398 of 1906)


Sathyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On The Same Wall

The inscription is damaged. It records the endowment of the village Kottaiyur renamed Raghunathapuram for the conduct of the early morning service in the temple of Alagiyameyyar at Tirumeyyam by Solaiyappa-Pillai [Gan*] gaivadiya-Pillai of Vanaraviran-Madurai, for the merit of Tirumalai Setupatikatta Dalavay Raghunatha-Narendra. This is dated in the same year as No. 394 above, and is additional to the gift mentioned therein. The donor is said to have purchased the lands at Kottaiyur from the mahajanas of the place and having reclaimed them from their wild and fallow condition, settled several Vellalas in the place for their cultivation, before making this grant to the temple.

No. 399

(A. R. No. 399 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Tirumayyam

Satyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On The South Wall Of The Mandapa.

Krishnadeva-Maharaya – Saka 1444. The details of the date are given as Chitrabhanu, Uttarayana, Makara – Sankramana. (= AD. 1522, December 28).

The inscription registers a sarvamanya grant made to the two temples of Alagiyameyyar (Vishnu) and Tirumeyyadevar (Siva) at Tirumeyyam in Kana-nadu, by Chellappa Vira Narasingaraya – Nayakkar (The kings viceroy in the south), of all the lands in the village which had been lying as Pandaravadai (except those which had been already endowed as tiruvidaiyattam or devadana). As was the case with regard to all lands possessed by these two temples in common, the income derived from the present lands was also to be shared by them in the proportion of three and two respectively.

JATAVARMAN CHOLA PANDYA

No. 404

(A. R. No. 404 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Perundurai.

(Near Tirumayyam)

Ruined Siva Temple – On The South Wall

Jat. Sundara-Chola-Pandyadeva

12th Year

Published in the Inscriptions of Pudukkottai state, No. 242.

No. 408

(A. R. No. 408 of 1906)

Tirunelveli District, Tirunelveli Taluk, Siyalapperi.

Alagar Temple – On The North Wall Of The Central Shrine

Jat. Chola-Pandya – 3rd Year.

Published in South Indian Inscriptions Vol. XIV. No. 195.

No. 410

(A. R. No. 410 of 1906)



Jat. Sundara-Chola-Pandya – Date Lost.

Published in South Indian Inscriptions Vol. XIV. No. 178.

JATAVARMAN VIRA PANDYA II

No. 356

(A .R. No. 356 of 1906)



Jat. Vira-Pandyadeva --- 11th Year (A.D. 1263-64).

This begins with introduction Tirumagal valar –mulai etc. It is left incomplete. It registers a royal order issued at the request of (Minister) Kalingarayar while the king was encamped at Karaiyur in Konadu, making a gift of the village Melmananallur together with all its dues and taxes like kadamai, karpura-vilaietc, to the temple of Tirunalakkunram – udaiya – Nayanan to meet the expenses of worship and other requirements of goddess Tirukkamakkotta-Nachchiyar who had been consecrated, it is said, by Nachchiyar the daughter of Durggaiyandal, evidently the same person mentioned in Nos. 352 and 353 above.

No. 360

(A .R. No. 360 of 1906)


Sikhanathasvami Temple --- On The South Wall Of The Second Prakara.

Jat. Virapandyadeva --- 15th Year (A. D 1267-68).

The king is given the attribute “who took ilam, Kongu and Chola mandalam and after conquering the powerful king was pleased to perform the anointment of heroes and victors at Perumbarrapuliyur”. The inscription registers a sale, astirunamattukkani to the temple at Tirunalakkunrum, of three veli of puravu (tax-paying?) land at Visalur by the Urar of that place, at the instance of two officers of the king (Rajagomurruvar) Vanadharayar and Gangeyar and on the intercession of the Irandukarai-nattar, for 64,000 kasu. The circum stances of the sale are given, from which it would seem that the Urar had been at default for a long period in the payment of the kadamai-kilirai and had also to account for 50,000 kasu which had evidently been deposited with them out of the amount intended for the renovation of the temple. This is probably the sale-proceeds of the transaction recorded in No. 352. A supplementary sale deed is added to this record figuring theNattar as an agency and party for the execution of the sale.

No. 361

(A. R. No. 361 of 1906)



Jat. Vira Pandyadeva --- 15th Year.

The king gets the same attributes as in No. 360 above. The inscription is damaged. It records an agreement given by the nattar and the sthanattar of the temple of Tirunalakkunramudaiya – Nayanar, to a certain individual (name lost) of Visalur, who had donated three ma of land to the temple, to the effect that they would supply 2 kalam Of rice and other requirements of the Tiruppavadai-amudu to the god on each of the four special festival days in the year, when the deity was taken in procession to the temple garden. Incidental mention is made of the conversion of a devadana land at Visalur into a tirunamattukkani of the temple by the Nattar and Urar, on which occasion this gift is said to have been made by the donor.

No. 375

(A. R. No. 375 of 1906)


Melaikkoyil Rock-Cut Temple --- On The Side Of The Second Gopura, Left Of Entrance.

This seems to record the acknowledgement (taravu-muri) of some help rendered by a certain Kudumiyar Udaiyapperumal of Sikaranallur in Tenkonadu to the Urar of Pulvayal and four other villages (Pulvayal Anjunilai) in return for which he got the accountancy of the 5 villages.

No. 393

(A. R. No. 393 of 1906)


Satyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On The North Wall Of The Mandapa.

Jat. Tribh. Vira-Pandyadeva (Ii) – 4[5] Th Year

The details of the date are given as Dhanus, ba. 8, Wednesday, Hasta, which would correspond to A.D. 1340, December 13. This is Jat. Vira-pandya II who ascended the throne in A.D. 1296.

This registers the sale of padikaval right inclusive of the income from some specified lands in the village, by the Sabha of Tirumeyyam, in Kana-nadu alias Virudaraya-bhayankara-valanadu, to Muvan Kadappillai, a member of the Valaiyar (community) of Melaikkurundanpirai of the Padaipparru (military area?) in the same nadu for a price of 200 panam called the Valitir-andar-guligai. The specification of the income from the lands are not clear being lost in the damaged portion of the record.

No. 435

(A. R. No. 435 of 1906)

Tirunelveli District, Srivaikuntham, Murappanadu.

Vedanarayana Perumal Temple – On The Same Wall.

Jatavarman Vira-Pandyadeva – 14th Year.

The king claims to have taken Ilam, Kongu, and Sola-nadu and performed the anointment of heroes at Perumbarrappuliyur. The details of the date are given as Karkataka, su. 1, Sunday, pushya which would be equivalent to 1266 A.D., July 4. This registers a deed given by the Mahasabha of Posalavira Somideva-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Murappunadu, to god Sri Narasimha-Paramasvami enshrined in thematha of Ekandanda-Paramahamsa in the village, confirming the title of the deity to the ownership of some lands in the village, with their contours and extent specified. This included two plots one of which had been sold in the 11th year of the king for the formation of a flower garden and the other granted in the same year as madappuram by a certain Srikrishna Bhattan of Iraivanaraiyur (Elavanasur in the South Arcot District), and also a third which was granted

tax-free by order of the king in his 13th year of reign.

KULESEKHARADEVA

No. 405

(A. R. No. 405 of 1906)


(Near Tirumayyam)

Satyagirinatha – Perumal --- On The West Wall..

Tribh. Kulasedharadeva --- 13+13th Year

Stones containing this inscription are misplaced and some are lost. This seems to register an endowment of land (at Vellur) placed in-charge of the Srivaishnavas of the temple of Kandideva-Vinnagar at Perundurai in Kana-nadu, by Kandan Alagukanda-Perumal and his elder brother Kandan Aludaiyan aliasKalvayil – Nadaslvan to provide for the worship of god Tavamukaiya-Pandisar consecrated by them (it is not clear where).

No. 406

(A. R. No. 406 of 1906)


(Near Tirumayyam)

Satyagirinatha – Perumal Temple – On The Same Wall.

Tribh. Kulasekharadeva – 13+9th Year.

Uninscribed stone is built into the body of this inscription and its continuation is lost. It seems to record a gift of some pieces of land made tax-free to the temple of Tyagamikama-Vinnagar – Ember man at Perundurai by Kandan Aludaiyan Kalvayil – Nadalvan, the chief who figures in No. 405 above.

MARAVARMAN SUNDARA PANDYA

No. 389

(A. R. No. 389 of 1906)


Rock-Cut Siva Temple –At The Entrance, Right Side.

Mar. Tribh. Sundarapandyadeva – 8th Year.

This is damaged, and the last few lines are built in. It records an allotment of four pieces of land tax-free in favour of four priests of the temple of Tirumeyyattu Mahadeva by the sabha of the place, for the conduct of a festival on the day of Makha in Masi month. This is stated to be in lieu of 30 kalam of paddy they were till now paying to the temple every year evidently as interest on ten palankasu which had been originally invested with them as endowment for the that purpose, by a samanta (feudatory) of the Chola king Raja raja (III ?) by name Irunjirai-udaiyan.

No. 429

(A. R. No. 429 of 1906)


Madai-Nachchiyar Shrine Near The Tank—On A Stone Lying In Front

Mar.Sundara-Pandyadeva – 8+1st Year

The inscription is damaged. It seems to record a tax-free gift of land made by the Sabha of the place (purpose not clear) at the request of Koral Sendan aliasKeraladityadeva of Kudamangalam in Malaimandalam who is stated to be a local officer at Mananilainallur in Kalakkudi-nadu, for the welfare of Buddattiruvadi of Tiruppappur.

IRA PANDYA

No. 352

(A. R. No. 352 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukottai State, Kudumiyamalai.

Sikhanathasvami Temple --- On The North Wall Of The Akhilandesvari Shrine.

Tribh. Virapandyadeva --- 13th Year.

This is damaged. The details of the date are given as Mesha, su. Sunday, Hasta probably corresponding to A.D. 1266, April 18. The tithi should be su.13. The epigraph states that as the temple at Tirunalakkunram (Kudumiyamalai) in Ko-nadu had gone out of repairs and there was no money for its renovation, the Nattar of Kana – nadu and those

connected with the temple administration sold a land called the Iluppaikkudi-vayal at Ammangainallur, which was atirunamattukkani of the temple, to a certain devaradiyal of the temple by name Nachchiyar daughter of Durggaiyandal for 73300 kasu. Kana-nadu is said to be situated in Kunrusal-nadu a division of Ko-nadu also called Kadaladaiyadilangalkondasola-valanadu.

No. 353

(A .R. No. 353 of 1906)

Tiruchirapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Kudimiyamalai.


Tribh. Virapandyadeva --- 13th Year.

This is connected with No. 352 above, and registers the endorsement(kilpunaititu) of the sale of the land and acknowledgement of the receipt of the amount from the purchaser Nachchiyar by the nattar of Konadu and the temple authorities of Tirunalakkunram.

No. 365

(A. R. No. 365 of 1906)



Tribh.Vira Pandyadeva --- 7th Year.

This is an unfinished epigraph, evidently intended to register a sale of land fed by three wells at Karandur (village) belonging to Arasugandadevan Arasagalanjappirandan alias Ayilaiyarayan of Pulvayal (?) in Vayalaga-nadu a division of Konadu also called Kadaladaiyadilangaikonda-sola-valanadu, to the temple at Tirunalakkunram in Kunrusul-nadu.

No. 372

(A. R. No. 372 of 1906)


Melaikkoyil Rock-Cut Temple --- On The Second Gopura.

Right At Entrance.

Tribh. Virapandyadeva --- 2nd Year.

This is an interesting document. It states that the temple treasury of Tirunalakkunram Udaiya-nayanar had been burgled by priests who stole away the jewels and cash therefrom. The theft was found out and a meeting was called of all the (representative) inhabitants of the nadu, nagaram and gramam of the region, who held an enquiry into the offair. One of the priests by name Kunran Serundivanapperuman confessed to have taken 60 pon and shared it with a stonemason. He also implicated the others in the theft but they denied all knowledge of the matter. They were thereupon taken to a court at Mattukurichchi (?) preside over by a samanta and ordered to prove their innocence before the assembled people by holding a red-hot iron in their hands. The ordeal went against them as their hands were burnt and they had to confess their guilt. The culprits were all pronounced as Siva drohis and they were deprived of their holdings at I luppaikkudi, which were now transferred to the temple as Tirunamattukkani with the cultivating right thereon (koyil ulavu murruttu). Such lands as had been sold by them to others were got back on payment of their cost by the temple and those held on mortgage

were recovered without any compensation. Other private lands in the village were to continue their payment of the achchuvari and other taxes into the temple as usual.

MISCELLANEOUS

No. 326

(A. R. No. 326 of 1906)

North Arcot District, Walajapet Taluk, Tirumalpuram.

Ruined Vishnu Temple --- On The Same Wall.

This consists of a number of disconnected pieces of one or more inscriptions. The first piece mentions a sale of land tax-free, by the sabha of Arumoli deva –Chaturvedimangalam to the temple of Perumanadigal at Govindapadi. Piece 2 refers to some persons reciting the punyapam (?). Piece 5 mentions some items of requirements of worship to the deity on the day of Tiruvadirai in Margali month. Piece 6 similarly lists some requirements of worship and refers to four persons reciting the Tiruvaimoli in the temple and to 50 persons versed in the vedic lore. It quotes the 21st year of a king whose name is lost and ends with the mention of a sale of land tax-free by the assembly of Venpakkam to the temple at Govindapadi for the gold received by them.

No. 331

(A. R. 331 of 1906)



The writing of the inscription seems to be of about the 11th century A.D. This is built in at the beginning. It seems to record an agreement given by a servant of the temple of Govindapadi – Perumanadigal undertaking to supply 4 nali of rice daily to the temple (for offerings) as interest on 45 kalanju of gold received by him from Chandrabhuti – Chaturvedi – Somayaji, a resident of Kottur in Merpanga – nadu a division of Manaiyirkottam.

No. 336

(A. R. No. 336 of 1906)



The writing of the inscription seems to be of about the 11th century A.D. It is built in at the beginning. It records an endowment of 25 kalanju of gold by a person by name brahmasri Tongarajan who left it in charge of Padmanabhayogi the manager of the temple at Govindapadi for the daily feeding of a Brahmana in the temple with the interest thereon.

No. 348

(A. R. No. 348 of 1906)

Chingleput District, Kanchipuram Taluk, Uttukadu.

On The Same Stone (Reverse).

The first two lines are in early Telugu script, the rest in being in Tamil. The inscription is damaged. It seems to record the offering by a man by name Iravi Achchal Bavadali (?) of his own head in sacrifice as propitiation for the successful completion of the tank. To the right of the epigraph is the squatting figure of a man with his left hand resting on his waist and the right cutting off his own head with a sword. From the top of the severed head --- curiously --- instead of from the neck, is gushing forth a stream of blood falling on his right side in the fashion of Ganga flowing from Siva’s head.

No. 349

(A. R. No. 349 of 1906)

Chingleput District, Kanchipuram Taluk, Uttukkadu.

On The Right Side of the Steps leading to the tank.

This is dated in Saka 1598, Nala and is in Telugu script.

No. 350

(A. R. No. 350 of 1906)


On A Stone Set Up In A Field Near The Village.

This is in modern characters and is dated in the (cyclic) year Prajotpati,Panguni 15. It records an endowment of 200 kuli of land by a certain Raghupati – Nayakkar for worship of goddess Kamakshi – Ammai. On the top of the stone is figured a lion facing the proper right.

No. 351

(A. R. No. 351 of 1906)


On A Stone Set Up Near The Kannar Mandapa.

This is also in modern characters and is indifferently worded. It is dated in Hevilambi, Vaigasi, 15, Thursday, and records the formation of a flower garden on 200 kuli of land at Kannar to the south-east of Vairavan-keni by one Ellappa Reddi (?) with the help of Saiyid Vibaramu (Ibrahim) Sayabu and Venkatadri – Mudaliar the Parapatyam of Vallapakkam and also the residents of the village.

No. 369-A

(A. R. No. 369-A of 1906)

Intervening into the lines of the above inscription are the following four lines in Pallava-Grantha characters (C. 7th century). The first two lines are repetitions of the musical expressions kaisika-madhyama a variety of svara and Chatush-prahara, which is a rhythmic form of four beats. This fragment is evidently connected with No. 354 of 1904 which is engraved close by and which is a treatise on music said to have been composed by one Rudracharya, whose name is also given here in the third line.

No. 373

(A .R. No. 373 of 1906)


Melaikkoyil Rock-Cut Temple --- In The Same Place.

The writing of this inscription seems to be of about the 13th century A.D. This is a verse in praise of the Pandya king (Tennavan) Seyya-Perumal ruler of Madurai.

No. 374

(A .R. No. 374 of 1906)



This is another verse of the same period extolling the exploits of Pandya (Minavarkon) against the chola king.

No. 376

(A. R. No. 376 of 1906)



This is a verse in praise of a Pandya chief (Kanni-valanadan) who defeated this chola adversary in a battle and forced him to flee from the field with his legs seared (Karikalan). The writing is of about the 13th century A.D.

No. 377

(A. R. No. 377 of 1906)



This is a verse by poet Adinathar making fun of God Nalakkunram with his matted hair (kudumi) enmeshing Ganga.

No. 378

(A. R. No. 378 of 1906)



This is dated in the cyclic year Vikrama which would correspond to A.D. 1520-21 in the reign of Krishnadevaraya. The middle portion of the inscription is covered by the doorway. It seems to record a gift of the income from the village Idaiturai to the temple of Tirunalakkunram-Udaiya-nayanar for offerings and worship to the deity, made by (minister) Tirumalaideva Maharaja at the request of Valu-Nayakkar, an officer of the king’s treasury.

No. 381

(A. R. No. 381 of 1906)


Aiyanar Temple --- On A Rock Behind

This seems to be a verse commemorating the victory of the pandya king (Tennavar ko) over a certain Vadugerinda Magadeasn in battle, in which however he lost his life (Vittaindan). The writing is of about the 13th century A.D.

No. 382

(A. R. No. 382 of 1906)


Aiyanar Temple --- On The Same Rock.

The last three lines of this inscription are much damaged. The writing is of about the 13th Century A.D; this is a verse in praise of a chief by name Vanakulottaman.

No. 383

(A. R. No. 383 of 1906)


Aiyanar Temple --- On The Same Rock.

This is a verse in praise of the chief Viramagadan Rajarajadevan Ponparappinan Magadaipperumal. It also mentions a fight between the chief Vanan Vadivelan and the Pandya king (Tennavar-kon).

No. 384

(A. R. No. 384 of 1906)


On The North Side of The hill in the Village, Near A Well.

The inscription states that this spring (well) is the gift of Irangalmitta Talaiyur – Nadalvan, son of Araisuvirrirundan Ilaiyaraiyan alias Idaiyarrur – Nadalvan who had the kaval right over Tiruttavatturai in Idaiyarrur – nadu a division of Pandikulasani – valanadu. This place is evidently the same as the present Lalgudi.

No. 385

(A. R. No. 385 of 1906)


On The South Side of the hill in the Village, Near Another Well.

The inscription is damaged. It consists of a few verses eulogizing the exploits of the chiefs Vanarpiran Rajarajan, his son Ponparappina – perumal; and also of his descendants (?) Anjadaperumal and a chief (name not clear) who gets the epithet “Vadugerinda”

No. 386

(A. R. No. 386 of 1906)


Rock-Cut Siva Temple – On The North And South Walls.

This consists of a number of fragmentary pieces of writing in Pallava-Grantha script.

Published in South Indian Inscriptions Vol. XII, No. 7-A

(A. R. No. 387 A of 1906)

Tiruchitapalli District, Pudukkottai State, Tirumayyam.

Rock-Cut Siva Temple – In The Same Place.

This is built in at the beginning of lines and is also incomplete. It is a verse inscription in characters of about the 13th century A.D. It seems to be in praise of some merchant community whose members made name and money in such cities as Varunapati, Vellur Nellur, Kanchi, Pumpugar, Palaiyarai and Ten-Madurapuri. It refers to a gift of lamp to god Siva at Madurai (Manendiya-Karamudai-Marudar).

No. 392

(A. R. No. 392 of 1906)


Rock-Cut Siva Temple – On The Rock To The West.

This is a badly damaged epigraph with its beginning also lost. It is almost a duplicate of No. 387 above with a good portion of what is given there lost in this inscription. The text is however given there in part for comparison of the two records.

No. 394

(A. R. No. 394 of 1906)


Satyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On The West Wall Of The Mandapa

This is dated in Saka 1591, Saumya, Tai 5 (A.D. 1669). It records a sale of land at Malukkanpakkam out of the tiruvilaiyattam belonging to god Tiruppadi Alagiyameyyar at Tirumeyyam, together with a house in the street by the side of the Vengaikkulam tank, for 300 panam (called Tirugokarnam Minnal) to a certain Solaiyappa-Pillai Gangaiyadi of Vanaviran of Madurai, who seems to have been an agent appointed by Raghunatha-Narendra for the conduct of the early morning service in the temple instituted by the chief for his own merit. A separate piece of land at Malukkan- vayal is also mentioned as having been assigned to one Viraraghava-Pillai for management.

No. 397

(A. R. No. 397 of 1906)



This is dated merely in the cyclic year Raudri without giving its Saka equivalent. It records a decision of Dalavay Vaiyappa-Nayakkar, the agent of Timmappa-Nayakkar, and the managers of the temple of Tirumeyyam Malaiyalan that the income from Irunjiraiyur, which was a tiruvikaiyattam village of the god, was to be utilized (in future solely) for the repairs of the temple.

No. 398

(A. R. No. 398 of 1906)


Sathyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On The Same Wall

The inscription is damaged. It records the endowment of the village Kottaiyur renamed Raghunathapuram for the conduct of the early morning service in the temple of Alagiyameyyar at Tirumeyyam by Solaiyappa-Pillai [Gan*] gaivadiya-Pillai of Vanaraviran-Madurai, for the merit of Tirumalai Setupatikatta Dalavay Raghunatha-Narendra. This is dated in the same year as No. 394 above, and is additional to the gift mentioned therein. The donor is said to have purchased the lands at Kottaiyur from the mahajanas of the place and having reclaimed them from their wild and fallow condition, settled several Vellalas in the place for their cultivation, before making this grant to the temple.

No. 400

(A. R. No. 400 of 1906)


Satyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On The East Wall Of The Senaimudaliyur Shrine

This is dated in Saka 1383. Vishnu, Uttarayana, Kumbha, su. 6, Friday, Asvati corresponding to A.D. 1462, February 5. This registers an endowment of the village Rahuttamindan- vayal alias Sundara-Pandyanallur near Ilanjar village with all its lands wet and dry, and other appurtenances, for the requirements of worship and offerings to god Tirumeyya – Malaiyalar, at Tirumeyyam in Kananadu alias Virudarajabhayankara – valanadu, during a service instituted in his name in the temple, by the chief Avaiyandar alias Sundara – Pandya – Vijayalayadevar of Suraikkudi near Niyamam in Adalaiyur – nadu, a division of Keralasinga – Valanadu.

No. 401

(A. R. No. 401 of 1906)



This is merely dated in the cyclic year Jaya, Ani 20. It records the conferment of the kaniyatchi right over a tiruvidaiyattam land called Govindavayal by the temple authorities of Nayanar Tirumeyya[lagar] on two persons by name Tirumeni Virapandi-Asari and Meyya Manavala-Asari for certain services to be rendered by them in the temple.

No. 402

(A. R. No. 402 of 1906)

Tiruchiraplli District, Pudukkottai State, Tirumayyam.

Satyagirinatha-Perumal Temple – On A Stone Set Up Inside The Premises.

This is in characters of about the 9th century A.D. It is incomplete. It seems to record a gift of land for the renovation of some structure (temple?) and worship therein by Perumpidugu Perundevi, the mother of (a chief by name) Videlvidugu Vilupperadi-Araisan alias Sattan Maran. It is possible that this chief was related to the Muttaraiyars of Sendalai.

No. 407

(A. R. No. 407 of 1906)

Tirunelveli District, Tirunelveli Taluk, Marugaltalai.

On A Boulder In The Middle Of Hill Known As puviludaiyar-Malai

This is an inscription of one line in early Brahmi characters (of the Asoken period) engraved on the overhanging rock of a cave on the floor of which are cut seven stone beds, popularly known as Pandavar-padukkai. This along with similar inscriptions from other places in the South have been published by Shri. K.V. Subramanya Aiyar in a paper read before the Oriental Conference held at Madras in 1924.

No. 420- A

(A. R. No. 420-A of 1906)

This is a fragment of two lines of writing in Tamil of about the 12th century A.D., and is dated in the 23rd year of some king whose name is lost. It mentions two veli of land by name Solapandya-vilagam, which had been given as tax-free devadana to the temple of Karumanikkattalvar at Uttamasola chaturvedimangalam, said to be a brahmadeya in Kilkalakkuram a division of Mudigondasola-valanadu in Rajarajappandinadu. This is found engraved just above No. 420.

No. 425

(A. R. No. 425 of 1906)


Ambalavanasvami Temple – At The Top Of An Image Set Up In Front.

This is a label in Vatteluttu of two lines, with the figure of a man with outstretched arms of which the left holds a sword.

No. 426

(A. R. No. 426 of 1906)


Ambalavanasvami Temple—At The Top Of A Second Image In Front.

This is also a label inscription of three lines of writing. The figure is that of a man holding a club in each of his hands. The inscription refers to a threatened destruction of the village and his rescue by one Valanjian Ilaiyan Kadan who fell in the attempt.

No. 427

(A. R. No. 427 of 1906)


Ambalavanasvami Temple – On A Pillar Set Up In Front.

The inscription is built in at its lower end by the platform on which it stands. It mentions the trading community called the Disai Ayirattannurruvar who claim themselves to be the children (devotees) of goddess Paramesvari of Aiyapolil-pura and whose members had business interest in a number of places. A list of them is given below. 1.Tirukkolur alias Lokachintamanipuram in Tiruvaludivalanadu 2. Kannanur aliasKarikalasolapuram 3. Pattanamarudur alias Keralantakapuram 4. Manavirapattanam alias Desi Uttamacholapattanam 5. Virapandyapuram alias Desi Ayyapattanam. 6. Vellur alias Rajarajapuram. 7. Puvendiyasolapuram in Alagiyasekhara – valanadu 8. Sivacharanasekhara-perun-deruvu in Kilvembu-nadu 9. Desi Uyyavandapattanam and 10. Rajavallapuram.

The purpose of the record is however not known, being lost in the built in portion.

No. 428

(A. R. No. 428 of 1906)


Ambalavanasvami Temple – On Another Face Of The Same Pillar.

This is unfinished and damaged. The contents are similar to those of No. 427 above.

No. 430

(A. R. No. 430 of 1906)


On A Hero-Stone Set Up Near The Bund Of The Tank.

This is badly damaged. The writing seems to be of about the 13th century A.D. and the inscription is dated in the 41st year of an unspecified king. This seems to record the grant, as Udirappatti of one ma each of land to (the survivors of) three persons by name Kudavan Sattan Appen, Ninramal Kavidi and Pali Velan (who lost their lives evidently in trying to save the village from the devastation of flood in the great river), by the local chieftain (Nadalginra) Gangaikondasola-Pe[ruma]kkal (?). The Mahasabha of Marutantaka

(Madhurantaka) –chaturvedimangalam is stated to have remitted the taxes due on the lands granted.

No. 436

(A. R. No. 436 of 1906)

Coimbatore District, Gopichettipalaiyam Taluk, Danayakankottai.

Ruined Siva Temple In The Fort – On The West Wall Of The Central Shrine.

This is dated in Saka 1270 (mistake for 1271), Virodhi, Vaigasi 1, su.8 Sunday, Makha corresponding to A.D. 1349, April 26, f.d.n.’29.

It is mutilated and slightly built in. It records an order of the temple authorities of God Tantonrisvaram-udaiyar at Turavalur alias Nilagiri-sadaranan-kottai in Oduvanga-nadu, a division of Kongu-Mandalam, conferring the hereditary post of temple architect on a certain Sonai-Alvar Sthapathi Alagiyanayanar along with the privileges and perquisites attached thereto.

No. 438

(A. R. No. 438 of 1906)


Ruined Siva Temple In The Fort—On The Same Wall.

This is dated in Saka 1269, Sarvajit, Tula, su. 5 (A.D. 1347, October 9, Tuesday). The inscription records the appointment of sixteen devaradiyar women for honorary service (mariyadi-kaniyatchi) in the temple of Tantonrisvaram-Udaiyar by the temple authorities.

No. 439

(A .R. No. 439 of 1906)


Ruined Siva Temple In The Fort—On The Same Wall.

This is dated simply in the cyclic year Virodhi which might probably correspond to Saka 1271, as the writing is similar to that at No. 438 above. The inscription records the conferment of the post of uvachahakkani in the temple of Tantonrisvaram-Udaiyar at Turavalur by the authorities of the temple, on a certain Sellappillaiyan who had been in the service of the temple of Vanava-Nayanar at Rajendrasolan – pettai in Suralur-kurram a division of Raja-gambhira-valanadu on the south bank (of the river Kaveri ?) in Solamandalam.

No. 440

(A. R. No. 440 of 1906)


Ruined Siva Temple In The Fort—On The North Wall Of The Mandapa.

This is dated in the cyclic year Sarvajit which would correspond to Saka 1269, on which date MahapradhaniImmadi Rahuttaraya Singaiya-Dannayakar is stated to have granted to the temple of Tantonrisvaramudaiya-Nayanar at Nilagiri-Sadharanankottai, the tax tariirai on the looms due from the weavers residing in the tirumadaivilagam streets round the temple and the duty on cloth (ilanjinaipper) sold in shops. He also presented to the temple a coracle or ferry boat (for plying passengers across the river) on the southern bank.

No. 441

(A. R. No. 441 of 1906)

Coimbatore District, Gopichettipalaiyam Taluk, Danayakankkottai.

Ruined Siva Temple In The Fort – On The Same Wall.

The inscription gives the details of date as pingala, Tai 25, Sunday, Chaturdasi, Tiruvonam, ardhodaya corresponding to A.D. 1498, January 21, f.d.n.' 22.

This records a gift of 45 pon for the expenses of offerings during the daily [ardha] yama service in the temple of Tantonrisvaram-Udaiyar at Turavalur, with the interest thereon, by Devarasaiyan Mangarasaiyan akaranika-niyogi of Sevvur in Aru-nadu, who deposited the amount with the three Sthanika-Sivabrahmanasof the temple.

No. 442

(A. R. No. 442 of 1906)

Coimbatore District, Gopichettipalayam Taluk, Danayakankkotai.

Ruined Siva Temple In The Fort – On The Same Wall.

This inscription begins with a call for the protection of the grant by Mahapradhani Immadi Rahuttaraya Singaya-Dannayakar, and is stated in the cyclic year Vyaya which corresponds to Saka 1268. It introduces the merchant guild Vaisyavaniya-Nagarattar, also called the Danmadavalar with a grandiose panegyric of their far-flung activities and other excellences, and records an agreement given by this body to contribute as pattanappagudi a specified amount in cash levied annually from among their families and on articles of merchandise like women’s cloths, pepper, areca-nut; yarn, salt, cereals, claves (?) and horse, towards the expenses of a festival in the month of Tai, in the temple of Tantonrisvaramudaiyar at Turuvalur aliasSitakaragandan-kottai in Oduvanga-nadu.

nscription of the early pandyas

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