NS325: Nutrition Across the Life Cycle Opening Question: Favorite quote? Carpe diem, or Seize the day! Life is 10% what happens to me and 90% how I react to it. Agenda Reminders & Comments Review Case Study Unit 6 Reminders & Comments Great job on the Discussion Board! In preparation for the Final Project, please visit Fitday.com or other related website. Read your grading feedback. For example, regarding Case Study 3 How does Dru grade this assignment? Did the report meet the length requirement? Did the report focus clearly on the assignment and address each of the 3 questions posed by the Case Study? Was the writing style appropriate to the assignment? Spelling, grammatical errors? Review Case Study Mollie is a 15-year old dedicated cross-country runner. During the season (now), she runs miles weekly. She has been a lacto-ovo vegetarian for the past 2 years. She doesnt drink much milk, however, because she is lactose intolerant. Mollies parents are concerned because she has unintentionally lost 5 lbs in the past month. Mollie is 55 and weights 105 lbs (BMI = 18). Mollie is concerned because she seems to get sick easily and doesnt have as much energy as she would like. Mollie says she just doesnt have time to eat well. Case Study, cont. A typical day includes: Dry cereal with fruit for breakfast A veggie burger and fries for lunch A big salad with cheese cubes and beans and salad dressing along with a couple of rolls for dinner Snacks include air-popped popcorn and iced tea. Her estimated calorie requirement is 2200 kcal; estimated intake is 1500 kcal. What can Mollie do to improve her diet? How can she get extra food when she has no time to cook or prepare food? Case Study, technical details 1 page double-spaced, not including Title and Reference pages. Use APA format. Deadline: Tuesday evening Questions? Unit 6 1. Explain the long-term benefits of positive dietary habits in adolescents. 2. List the nutrients that are of special concern to adolescent athletes. 3. List the nutrients that are of special concern to vegetarian adolescents. 4. Explain why teenagers are at high risk of developing eating disorders. 1. Long-term benefits of positive dietary habits in adolescents Achieve optimal growth Promote healthy eating habits Prevent illness and disease Prevent excessive weight gain Others? Healthy dietary patterns established in the early childhood years tend to be carried into adulthood and set the stage for lifelong good health. Edelstein & Sharlin Life cycle nutrition: an evidence-based approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, MA. p. 126. 2. Nutrients of special concern to adolescent athletes Total Energy? Macronutrients: which is most important for athletes, why? CHO FAT why is it important? PRO Micronutrients Select vitamins or minerals? Fluids and Electrolytes 2. Nutrients of special concern to adolescent athletes Total Energy very individualistic; one equation does not apply to everyone changes in body weight or body composition may be the best way for athletes to self-monitor their energy balance over time Macronutrients CHO most important for athletes! CNS and RBCs have a high glucose requirement, and glucose is the preferred substrate for ATP production To replenish hepatic and muscle glycogen FAT plays an essential role in maintaining health Fat-soluble vitamin absorption Athletes should consume moderate amounts of fat (20-25% of energy; source should be considered) PRO Athletes have slightly higher requirements than non-athletes (1.2 1.7 g/kg BW compared to 0.8 g/kg BW, respectively) Edelstein & Sharlin Life cycle nutrition: an evidence-based approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, MA. p. 281. Micronutrients Athletes may require more of some nutrients Increased nutrient excretion Tissue synthesis & repair Iron Symptoms of anemia include fatigue, lack of energy, and apathy Increased prevalence of iron deficiency in endurance athletes because of greater iron losses via sweat and occult gastrointestinal bleeding Calcium Studies of the diets of athletes have repeated ly shown that many female athletes do not meet the recommended intake of 1,000 mg Ca/day, primarily because they do not consume 3-4 servings of dairy products. Inadequate intake Loss of bone mineral + Failure to maximize bone mineral density = Increases risk of osteoporosis Fluid and Electrolytes Water is lost from all fluid compartments, resulting in decreased sweating and impaired heat dissipation. Decline in blood volume = decreased blood pressure = decreased cardiac output 2. Nutrients of special concern to adolescent athletes, cont. Edelstein & Sharlin Life cycle nutrition: an evidence-based approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, MA. p Questions? 3. Nutrients of special concern to vegetarian adolescents Macronutrients CHO? FAT? PRO? Micronutrients Vitamins? Minerals? Edelstein & Sharlin Life cycle nutrition: an evidence-based approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, MA. p. 281. 3. Nutrients of special concern to vegetarian adolescents Macronutrients PRO vegetarian athletes have higher PRO requirementswhy? Because of the lower quality of plant-derived proteins Endurance athletes: 1.2 1.4 g/kg BW Strength athletes: 1.6 1.7 g/kg BW Edelstein & Sharlin Life cycle nutrition: an evidence-based approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, MA. p. 230, 281. 3. Nutrients of special concern to vegetarian adolescents Micronutrients Iron because of the lower bioavailability of non-heme Fe compared with heme iron, vegetarians have an Fe requirement that is 1.8 times that of individuals who consume a mixed diet Zinc studies are inconsistentthe zinc content of diets of vegetarian children maybe similar to that of non-vegetarian children; the IOM suggests that the DRI may be as much as 50% greater for vegetarians Calcium dairy products, kale, broccoli, greens, soy milk, almonds Vitamin D fortified milks, juices, breakfast cereals, sunlight! Vitamin B12 cows milk, yogurt, eggs, or vegans should obtain B12 from fortified foods Edelstein & Sharlin Life cycle nutrition: an evidence-based approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, MA. p. 230, 281. 4. Why are teenagers at high risk of developing eating disorders? Factors that could influence development of eating disorders: Sociocultural Genetic Family Personality Negative life events Role transitions Sexual and physical abuse Criticism of physical appearance may propagate progression from dieting to an eating disorder Why teenagers? Remember the psychosocial changes which occur during adolescence Edelstein & Sharlin Life cycle nutrition: an evidence-based approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, MA. p. 301. Questions? Thank you and farewell Thank you for your kind attention and participation. See you next week. Monday 8PM ET